Rutin

Details

• Internal ID: 0e55cff7-6d4c-4837-a7ad-dd307dd8de63
• Taxonomy: Phenylpropanoids and polyketides > Flavonoids > Flavonoid glycosides > Flavonoid O-glycosides > Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
• IUPAC Name: 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one
• InChI: InChI=1S/C27H30O16/c1-8-17(32)20(35)22(37)26(40-8)39-7-15-18(33)21(36)23(38)27(42-15)43-25-19(34)16-13(31)5-10(28)6-14(16)41-24(25)9-2-3-11(29)12(30)4-9/h2-6,8,15,17-18,20-23,26-33,35-38H,7H2,1H3/t8-,15+,17-,18+,20+,21-,22+,23+,26+,27-/m0/s1
• InChI Key: IKGXIBQEEMLURG-NVPNHPEKSA-N
• Popularity: 18,194 references in papers

Physical and Chemical Properties

• Molecular Formula: C₂₇H₃₀O₁₆
• Molecular Weight: 610.50 g/mol
• Exact Mass: 610.15338487 g/mol
• Topological Polar Surface Area (TPSA): 266.00 Ų
• XlogP: -1.30
• Atomic LogP (AlogP): -1.69
• H-Bond Acceptor: 16
• H-Bond Donor: 10
• Rotatable Bonds: 6

Synonyms

• 153-18-4
• rutoside
• Quercetin 3-rutinoside
• Phytomelin
• Birutan
• Sophorin
• Myrticolorin
• Globulariacitrin
• Ilixanthin
• Osyritrin
• Paliuroside
• Tanrutin
• 3-Rutinosyl quercetin
• Yunxianggan
• Rutosido
• Rutine
• 3-Rhamnoglucosylquercetin
• Quercetin-3-rutinoside
• Rutosidum
• Rutinum
• Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside
• Novarrutina
• Violaquercetrin
• quercetin-3-O-rutinoside
• C.I. 75730
• DTXSID3022326
• 5G06TVY3R7
• CHEBI:28527
• NSC-9220
• DTXCID802326
• 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one
• 3-[[6-O-(6-Deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
• 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3-((6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-
• 3-((6-O-(6-Deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
• NSC9220
• 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4H-chromen-4-one
• Quercetin 3 Rutinoside
• Quercetin, 3-Rhamnosyl-Glucosyl
• Quercetin Glycoside
• 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-((((2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy)methyl)oxan-2-yl)oxy)-4H-chromen-4-one
• 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(((2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one
• RefChem:6577
• Rutin 1541
• C05CA01
• 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-((3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl)oxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl)oxy-chromen-7-one
• 205-814-1
• 3-Rhamnosyl-Glucosyl Quercetin
• Eldrin
• Bioflavonoid
• Globularicitrin
• Rutabion
• Venoruton
• Violaquercitrin
• Rutozyd
• Melin
• Rutinic acid
• Birutan Forte
• Oxyritin
• Rutinion acid
• MFCD00006830
• Quercitin 3-rutinoside
• Birutin
• Quercetin rhamnoglucosine
• 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-((((2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-4H-chromen-4-one
• Quercetin-3beta-rutinoside
• Quercetin 3-rhamnoglucoside
• Quercetol 3-rhamnoglucoside
• Rutosid
• Rutoside [INN]
• 3,3',4',5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone-3-rutinoside
• Quercetin 3-O-beta-D-rutinoside
• 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one,3-[[6-O-(6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-
• CHEMBL226335
• Rutoside (INN)
• 2-(3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)-5,7-DIHYDROXY-4-OXO-4H-CHROMEN-3-YL 6-O-(6-DEOXY-ALPHA-L-MANNOPYRANOSYL)-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE
• 3-Rhamnoglucoside of 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone
• NCGC00160628-01
• 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxymethyl]tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-chromen-4-one
• RUT
• CAS-153-18-4
• SMR000112560
• Rutin [JAN:NF]
• Rutosidum [INN-Latin]
• Rutosido [INN-Spanish]
• USAF CF-5
• UNII-5G06TVY3R7
• Neoisorutin
• CCRIS 7564
• Rutinoside, quercetin-3, beta-
• hydroxyethylrutoside
• Rutin (Rutoside)
• Rutin (Standard)
• Venoruton (TN)
• 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-mannopyranoside
• NSC 9220
• EINECS 205-814-1
• BRN 0075455
• 3,3',4',5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone 3-rutinoside
• AI3-19098
• RUTIN [VANDF]
• RUTIN [DSC]
• RUTIN [USP-RS]
• RUTIN [MI]
• Rutoside [INN:JAN:NF]
• RUTOSIDE [WHO-DD]
• beta-Quercetin-3-rutinoside
• BIDD:PXR0020
• SCHEMBL23243
• 5-18-05-00519 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
• MLS000759398
• MLS001424098
• BIDD:ER0377
• DivK1c_000644
• MEGxp0_000068
• orb1310285
• orb1684279
• Rutin from Sophora japonica L.
• Rutoside;Quercetin-3-rutinoside
• SCHEMBL29362191
• SCHEMBL29393419
• ACon1_000075
• cid_5280805
• HMS502A06
• HY-N0148R
• KBio1_000644
• MSK1522
• NINDS_000644
• 3,3',4',5,7-PENTAHYDROXYFLAVONE-3-RHAMNOGLUCOSIDE
• HMS2051B06
• 3'4'5,7-tetOH-Flavone-3-rut
• 949926-49-2
• ALBB-038669
• Flavone, 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxy-, 3-(O-rhamnosylglucoside)
• HY-N0148
• Quercetin 3-O-beta-delta-rutinoside
• Tox21_111945
• Tox21_202602
• BDBM50217942
• Glucopyranoside, quercetin-3 6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-, beta-D
• Quercetin, 3-(6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside)
• s2350
• 3,3',4',5,5',7-Hexahydroxyflavone (6-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-beta-D-glucoside)
• AKOS015895432
• Glucopyranoside, quercetin-3 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-, beta-D-
• Quercetin, 3-(6-0-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside)
• Tox21_111945_1
• CCG-100999
• CS-5573
• DB01698
• DS-9708
• NC00249
• OR29292
• IDI1_000644
• Rutinoside, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-3-yl
• NCGC00160628-02
• NCGC00160628-03
• NCGC00160628-12
• NCGC00260150-01
• 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3-[[6-O-(6-deoxy-.alpha.-L-mannopyranosyl)-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-
• SY028606
• NS00005273
• R0035
• C05625
• D08499
• AB00374708-09
• EN300-18388402
• Q407857
• SR-01000759399
• SR-01000759399-5
• A8241DA0-6EC6-48BA-BD10-3F7BD61D42CE
• BRD-K20482099-001-01-1
• BRD-K20482099-001-09-4
• BRD-K20482099-001-11-0
• 3-RHAMNOGLUCOSIDE OF 5,7,3',4'-TETRAHYDROXYFLAVONOL
• quercetin 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucoside]
• QUERCETIN 3-O-.ALPHA.-L-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL-.BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE
• RUTIN (QUERCETIN-3-O-RUTINOSIDE) (CONSTITUENT OF GINKGO) [DSC]
• 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy]methyl]tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy]-4H-chromen-4-one
• 2-(3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)-5,7-DIHYDROXY-4H-CHROMEN-4-ONE-3-YL 6-O-.ALPHA.-L-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL-.BETA.-D-GLUCOSIDE
• 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3-[[6-O-(6-deoxy-.alpha.-L-mannopyranosyl)-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl]-oxy]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-

2D Structure

ADMET Properties (via admetSAR 2)

Target	Value	Probability (raw)	Probability (%)
Human Intestinal Absorption	+	0.5564	55.64%
Caco-2	-	0.9269	92.69%
Blood Brain Barrier	-	0.8500	85.00%
Human oral bioavailability	-	0.7429	74.29%
Subcellular localzation	Mitochondria	0.7477	74.77%
OATP2B1 inhibitior	-	0.5616	56.16%
OATP1B1 inhibitior	+	0.9131	91.31%
OATP1B3 inhibitior	+	0.9216	92.16%
MATE1 inhibitior	-	0.7800	78.00%
OCT2 inhibitior	-	0.7500	75.00%
BSEP inhibitior	+	0.6681	66.81%
P-glycoprotein inhibitior	-	0.6165	61.65%
P-glycoprotein substrate	-	0.5071	50.71%
CYP3A4 substrate	+	0.6398	63.98%
CYP2C9 substrate	-	0.7038	70.38%
CYP2D6 substrate	-	0.8611	86.11%
CYP3A4 inhibition	-	0.9249	92.49%
CYP2C9 inhibition	-	0.9071	90.71%
CYP2C19 inhibition	-	0.9025	90.25%
CYP2D6 inhibition	-	0.9545	95.45%
CYP1A2 inhibition	-	0.8673	86.73%
CYP2C8 inhibition	+	0.8751	87.51%
CYP inhibitory promiscuity	-	0.6787	67.87%
UGT catelyzed	+	0.6000	60.00%
Carcinogenicity (binary)	-	1.0000	100.00%
Carcinogenicity (trinary)	Non-required	0.6741	67.41%
Eye corrosion	-	0.9922	99.22%
Eye irritation	-	0.8973	89.73%
Skin irritation	-	0.8089	80.89%
Skin corrosion	-	0.9595	95.95%
Ames mutagenesis	+	0.5500	55.00%
Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene inhibition	-	0.3823	38.23%
Micronuclear	+	0.7192	71.92%
Hepatotoxicity	+	0.6625	66.25%
skin sensitisation	-	0.9325	93.25%
Respiratory toxicity	+	0.5556	55.56%
Reproductive toxicity	+	0.7667	76.67%
Mitochondrial toxicity	-	0.6000	60.00%
Nephrotoxicity	-	0.9054	90.54%
Acute Oral Toxicity (c)	III	0.5971	59.71%
Estrogen receptor binding	+	0.7901	79.01%
Androgen receptor binding	+	0.6176	61.76%
Thyroid receptor binding	+	0.5312	53.12%
Glucocorticoid receptor binding	+	0.6215	62.15%
Aromatase binding	+	0.6273	62.73%
PPAR gamma	+	0.7234	72.34%
Honey bee toxicity	-	0.7731	77.31%
Biodegradation	-	0.7750	77.50%
Crustacea aquatic toxicity	-	0.5450	54.50%
Fish aquatic toxicity	+	0.8993	89.93%

Targets

Proven Targets:

CHEMBL ID	UniProt ID	Name	Min activity	Assay type	Source
CHEMBL220	P22303	Acetylcholinesterase	12 nM	IC50	DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0353-y
CHEMBL1867	P08913	Alpha-2a adrenergic receptor	9340 nM	Ki	PMID: 20408551
CHEMBL1916	P18825	Alpha-2c adrenergic receptor	9637 nM	Ki	PMID: 20408551
CHEMBL2392	P06746	DNA polymerase beta	8912.5 nM	Potency	via CMAUP
CHEMBL2409	P34913	Epoxide hydratase	24300 nM	IC50	PMID: 24679441
CHEMBL1293226	B2RXH2	Lysine-specific demethylase 4D-like	14125.4 nM	Potency	via CMAUP
CHEMBL2608	P10253	Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase	3162.3 nM	Potency	via CMAUP
CHEMBL4040	P28482	MAP kinase ERK2	7943.3 nM	Potency	via CMAUP
CHEMBL1293224	P10636	Microtubule-associated protein tau	28183.8 nM	Potency	via CMAUP
CHEMBL1075144	Q9GZQ4	Neuromedin-U receptor 2	1200 nM	EC50	PMID: 25262941

Predicted Targets (via Super-PRED):

CHEMBL ID	UniProt ID	Name	Probability	Model accuracy
CHEMBL5619	P27695	DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase	99.56%	91.11%
CHEMBL1951	P21397	Monoamine oxidase A	98.83%	91.49%
CHEMBL1806	P11388	DNA topoisomerase II alpha	97.65%	89.00%
CHEMBL2581	P07339	Cathepsin D	97.61%	98.95%
CHEMBL1293249	Q13887	Kruppel-like factor 5	95.54%	86.33%
CHEMBL3401	O75469	Pregnane X receptor	94.10%	94.73%
CHEMBL2635	P51452	Dual specificity protein phosphatase 3	93.12%	94.00%
CHEMBL1860	P10827	Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	91.47%	99.15%
CHEMBL3251	P19838	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	91.08%	96.09%
CHEMBL2345	P51812	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha 3	90.74%	95.64%
CHEMBL3060	Q9Y345	Glycine transporter 2	88.29%	99.17%
CHEMBL3108638	O15164	Transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha	86.03%	95.56%
CHEMBL3194	P02766	Transthyretin	84.94%	90.71%
CHEMBL2085	P14174	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	83.66%	80.78%
CHEMBL5339	Q5NUL3	G-protein coupled receptor 120	81.66%	95.78%
CHEMBL4208	P20618	Proteasome component C5	81.49%	90.00%
CHEMBL5409	Q8TDU6	G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1	80.91%	93.65%
CHEMBL3714130	P46095	G-protein coupled receptor 6	80.66%	97.36%
CHEMBL3038477	P67870	Casein kinase II alpha/beta	80.13%	99.23%

Plants that contains it

• Abeliophyllum distichum
• Abelmoschus manihot
• Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa
• Abutilon theophrasti
• Acacia aulacocarpa
• Acacia cambagei
• Acacia kempeana
• Acacia latifolia
• Acacia paradoxa
• Acalypha australis
• Acalypha hispida
• Acalypha indica
• Acanthophyllum elatius
• Acanthospermum australe
• Acer glabrum
• Acer negundo
• Achillea alexandri-regis
• Achillea arabica
• Achillea collina
• Achillea millefolium
• Achillea roseo-alba
• Achillea seidlii
• Acmella ciliata
• Acmella oleracea
• Aconitum brevicalcaratum
• Aconitum burnatii
• Aconitum maximum
• Aconitum napellus
• Aconitum seravschanicum
• Aconitum variegatum
• Aconitum vilmorinianum
• Acrisione denticulata
• Acritopappus longifolius
• Acrotrema uniflorum
• Actinidia kolomikta
• Adansonia grandidieri
• Adonis sutchuenensis
• Aesculus hippocastanum
• Aesculus indica
• Aframomum daniellii
• Aframomum limbatum
• Aframomum sulcatum
• Aganosma heynei
• Ageratina areolaris
• Ageratina petiolaris
• Ageratina saltillensis
• Ageratina tomentella
• Aglaia elaeagnoidea
• Aglaia lawii
• Agrimonia eupatoria
• Agrimonia pilosa
• Ailanthus altissima
• Ajuga integrifolia
• Akebia quinata
• Alangium platanifolium
• Albizia myriophylla
• Alchemilla speciosa
• Alchornea cordifolia
• Alhagi graecorum
• Alhagi maurorum
• Alhagi pseudalhagi subsp. persarum
• Alkanna cappadocica
• Alkekengi officinarum
• Allium cepa
• Aloe
• Aloe africana
• Aloe ferox
• Aloe spicata
• Aloe vera
• Alpinia flabellata
• Alpinia zerumbet
• Alseodaphne paludosa
• Alyxia reinwardtii
• Amaranthus cruentus
• Amaranthus hypochondriacus
• Amaranthus viridis
• Amelanchier alnifolia
• Ammannia coccinea
• Ammodendron bifolium
• Ammopiptanthus mongolicus
• Amphorogyne spicata
• Amsinckia tessellata
• Amsonia orientalis
• Anacardium humile
• Anaphalis lactea
• Anastatica hierochuntica
• Anaxagorea dolichocarpa
• Anchusa azurea
• Andrographis paniculata
• Androsace septentrionalis
• Androsace umbellata
• Anemonastrum flaccidum
• Angelica japonica
• Angelica taiwaniana
• Anisodus luridus
• Annona impressivenia
• Annona rensoniana
• Anthriscus sylvestris
• Aphyllocladus denticulatus
• Apocynum venetum
• Arachis hypogaea
• Archidendron clypearia
• Archidendron ellipticum
• Arctotis argentea
• Ardisia japonica
• Ardisia neriifolia
• Argemone mexicana
• Argemone polyanthemos
• Argentina anserina
• Aria edulis
• Aristeguietia discolor
• Aristeguietia gayana
• Aristolochia cucurbitifolia
• Aristolochia kaempferi
• Aristolochia maxima
• Aristolochia zollingeriana
• Arnebia ugamensis
• Arnica viscosa
• Artemisia absinthium
• Artemisia alba
• Artemisia armeniaca
• Artemisia capillaris
• Artemisia carvifolia
• Artemisia dracunculus
• Artemisia gmelinii
• Artemisia igniaria
• Artemisia monosperma
• Artemisia rupestris subsp. rupestris
• Artemisia vulgaris
• Artocarpus altilis
• Arum maculatum
• Aruncus dioicus
• Ascarina lucida
• Asimina parviflora
• Aspalathus linearis
• Asparagus officinalis
• Aspidosperma subincanum
• Aspilia foliacea
• Aster alpinus
• Aster indicus
• Astilbe rivularis var. myriantha
• Astragalus angustifolius
• Astragalus asper
• Astragalus babatagi
• Astragalus bisulcatus
• Astragalus bornmuellerianus
• Astragalus captiosus
• Astragalus cicer
• Astragalus coluteocarpus
• Astragalus dissectus
• Astragalus ernestii
• Astragalus eupeplus
• Astragalus floccosifolius
• Astragalus kabadianus
• Astragalus levieri
• Astragalus mongholicus
• Astragalus onobrychis
• Astragalus quisqualis
• Astragalus sevangensis
• Astragalus trimestris
• Astragalus verrucosus
• Astragalus wagneri
• Atalantia racemosa
• Atalantia wightii
• Atraphaxis spinosa
• Aucuba chinensis
• Azadirachta indica
• Baccharis dracunculifolia
• Baccharis gaudichaudiana
• Baccharis genistelloides subsp. crispa
• Baccharis neglecta
• Baccharis sagittalis
• Baccharis thesioides
• Baccharis truncata
• Baccharoides lasiopus
• Baillonella toxisperma
• Balanophora involucrata
• Balanophora japonica
• Balanophora laxiflora
• Barringtonia racemosa
• Bartramia pomiformis
• Bassia muricata
• Bauhinia tomentosa
• Begonia erythrophylla
• Begonia fagifolia
• Beilschmiedia anacardioides
• Bellis perennis
• Bellium bellidioides
• Benincasa hispida
• Berberis crataegina
• Berberis orthobotrys
• Berberis repens
• Berberis vulgaris
• Berchemia formosana
• Bergenia crassifolia
• Bergenia purpurascens
• Bergera kwangsiensis
• Berneuxia thibetica
• Bersama yangambiensis
• Beta vulgaris
• Betula alnoides
• Betula dahurica
• Betula fruticosa
• Betula humilis
• Betula pendula subsp. mandshurica
• Betula pubescens
• Bidens pilosa
• Bischofia javanica
• Blumea eriantha
• Bobgunnia madagascariensis
• Boehmeria nivea
• Boenninghausenia albiflora
• Bongardia chrysogonum
• Boophone disticha
• Boronia gracilipes
• Boronia koniambiensis
• Bothriocline ripensis
• Brachyglottis bidwillii
• Brachyglottis cassinioides
• Bredemeyera floribunda
• Breonia chinensis
• Brickellia vernicosa
• Brickelliastrum fendleri
• Bridelia ferruginea
• Bryum argenteum
• Buddleja cordata
• Buddleja globosa
• Bulbinella floribunda
• Bupleurum chinense
• Bupleurum falcatum
• Bupleurum fruticescens
• Bupleurum rotundifolium
• Caesalpinia pulcherrima
• Calamagrostis gigas
• Calamagrostis tashiroi
• Calceolaria thyrsiflora
• Calea lantanoides
• Calendula officinalis
• Calicotome villosa
• Callicarpa japonica
• Calodendrum capense
• Caloncoba echinata
• Calophyllum thwaitesii
• Calycera crassifolia
• Camellia japonica
• Camellia kwangsiensis var. kwangnanica
• Camellia sinensis
• Campanula alata
• Campanula barbata
• Campanula bayerniana
• Campanula glomerata subsp. hispida
• Campanula persicifolia
• Campanula zangezura
• Campylotropis hirtella
• Canarium strictum
• Capparis spinosa
• Caragana arborescens
• Caragana aurantiaca
• Caragana pygmaea
• Caragana spinosa
• Caragana tibetica
• Caralluma stalagmifera
• Carduus nutans
• Carduus tenuiflorus
• Carex folliculata
• Carpobrotus edulis
• Carthamus lanatus
• Carthamus tinctorius
• Caryocar villosum
• Casimiroa tetrameria
• Cassytha filiformis
• Castanea sativa
• Castanopsis cuspidata
• Castanopsis sclerophylla
• Caucasalia pontica
• Cecropia pachystachya
• Cedrela fissilis
• Cedronella canariensis
• Cedrus libani
• Celastrus hindsii
• Centaurea axillaris
• Centaurea benedicta
• Centaurea calcitrapa
• Centaurea cuneifolia subsp. cuneifolia
• Centaurea horrida
• Centaurea linifolia
• Centaurea solstitialis
• Centella asiatica
• Cephalaria kotschyi
• Cephalaria paphlagonica
• Cephalotaxus harringtonii
• Cephalotus follicularis
• Cerinthe minor
• Ceriops decandra
• Ceropegia dichotoma
• Chaenomeles speciosa
• Chaiturus marrubiastrum
• Chamaecrista pumila
• Chelidonium majus
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium pallidicaule
• Chiloscyphus polyanthos var. rivularis
• Chimarrhis turbinata
• Chloranthus fortunei
• Chondrodendron tomentosum
• Chromolaena moritziana
• Chromolaena odorata
• Chrozophora tinctoria
• Chuanminshen violaceum
• Chuquiraga erinacea
• Chuquiraga spinosa
• Chuquiraga straminea
• Cibotium barometz
• Cinnamomum verum
• Cipadessa baccifera
• Cirsium arvense
• Cirsium dipsacolepis
• Cistus ladanifer
• Citrus × aurantium
• Citrus × aurantium nothof. deliciosa
• Citrus maxima
• Citrus medica
• Clarkia heterandra
• Clausena excavata
• Clausena lenis
• Clematis koreana
• Clematis stans
• Clematis terniflora
• Clerodendrum bungei
• Clinopodium grandiflorum
• Clitoria ternatea
• Cneoridium dumosum
• Coleus caninus
• Coleus hereroensis
• Coleus parishii
• Coleus yemenensis
• Colubrina asiatica
• Coniogramme japonica
• Conocarpus erectus
• Coprosma areolata
• Coptis trifolia
• Cordia myxa
• Cordiera sessilis
• Cordylanthus kingii
• Coreopsis grandiflora
• Coreopsis nuecensis
• Coriandrum sativum
• Cornus controversa
• Cornus mas
• Coronilla cretica
• Corydalis bungeana
• Corydalis persica
• Corynanthe pachyceras
• Cosmos diversifolius
• Cota tinctoria
• Couepia paraensis
• Crambe tataria
• Craspidospermum verticillatum
• Crataegus laevigata
• Crataegus monogyna
• Crataegus orientalis
• Crataegus pinnatifida
• Crataegus pontica
• Crataegus sinaica
• Crataegus viridis
• Crescentia alata
• Cressa cretica
• Crinum kirkii
• Crinum moorei
• Crocus minimus
• Crocus sativus
• Crossopteryx febrifuga
• Crotalaria candicans
• Croton aromaticus
• Croton cascarilloides
• Croton caudatus
• Croton celtidifolius
• Croton menthodorus
• Cryptocarya aschersoniana
• Cryptocarya lividula
• Cryptocarya oblata
• Cryptochilus strictus
• Cryptotaenia japonica
• Cucurbita moschata
• Cucurbita pepo
• Cunonia macrophylla
• Cuphea hyssopifolia
• Cupressus sempervirens
• Curarea candicans
• Curculigo pilosa
• Curcuma caesia
• Curio hallianus
• Cuscuta australis
• Cuscuta chinensis
• Cussonia arborea
• Cyanothamnus coerulescens
• Cyclamen persicum
• Cyclea racemosa
• Cydonia oblonga
• Cylindrolobus mucronatus
• Cynara cornigera
• Cynara humilis
• Cynoglossum amabile
• Cynometra lujae
• Cynomorium coccineum subsp. songaricum
• Cytisus scoparius
• Dalbergia ecastaphyllum
• Dalbergia sissoo
• Daniellia oliveri
• Datura innoxia
• Daucus carota
• Decaisnea fargesii
• Degenia velebitica
• Delphinium fissum
• Delphinium hohenackeri
• Delphinium nuttallianum
• Delphinium thamarae
• Delphinium virgatum
• Dendrobium bigibbum
• Dendrobium crepidatum
• Dendrobium loddigesii
• Dendrobium thyrsiflorum
• Dermatophyllum secundiflorum
• Desmanthus illinoensis
• Desmodium canadense
• Dianthera secunda
• Dichrocephala integrifolia subsp. integrifolia
• Dicranopteris linearis
• Dictamnus albus
• Dictamnus dasycarpus
• Dillenia indica
• Dimorphandra mollis
• Dimorphotheca fruticosa
• Dioscorea japonica
• Diospyros buxifolia
• Diospyros cathayensis
• Diospyros ebenum
• Diospyros eriantha
• Diphasiastrum thyoides
• Diplazium esculentum
• Diplazium nipponicum
• Dipsacus dipsacoides
• Dipteronia dyeriana
• Discaria chacaye
• Distephanus angulifolius
• Disynaphia halimifolia
• Dodonaea polyandra
• Dodonaea viscosa
• Doniophyton anomalum
• Doronicum macrophyllum
• Doronicum pardalianches
• Dracaena ombet
• Dracocephalum moldavica
• Drosera indica
• Drummondita hassellii
• Drymaria cordata
• Dryopteris aitoniana
• Dryopteris polylepis
• Dryopteris sacrosancta
• Ebenus sibthorpii
• Echinacea angustifolia
• Echinacea purpurea
• Echinocystis lobata
• Ehretia dicksonii
• Elaeocarpus fuscoides
• Elegia deusta
• Elephantopus hirtiflorus
• Eleusine indica
• Eleutherococcus senticosus
• Elsholtzia ciliata
• Embelia parviflora
• Embelia schimperi
• Empetrum nigrum
• Enceliopsis argophylla
• Entada phaseoloides
• Entada rheedei
• Ephedra distachya
• Ephedra foeminea
• Ephedra sinica
• Epicharis cumingiana
• Epilobium hirsutum
• Epilobium parviflorum
• Epimedium brevicornu
• Epimedium grandiflorum
• Epimedium koreanum
• Epimedium pubescens
• Epimedium sagittatum
• Epimedium sempervirens
• Epimedium wushanense
• Equilabium molle
• Equisetum hyemale
• Equisetum sylvaticum
• Eragrostis curvula
• Eragrostis viscosa
• Erica cinerea
• Erica glauca
• Erigeron canadensis
• Eriobotrya japonica
• Erodium stephanianum
• Eryngium campestre
• Erysimum cheiranthoides
• Erysimum leptophyllum
• Erythrina melanacantha
• Erythrina pallida
• Erythrophleum ivorense
• Erythroxylum argentinum
• Erythroxylum cambodianum
• Erythroxylum lofgrenii
• Erythroxylum passerinum
• Eschenbachia blinii
• Eschscholzia californica
• Esenbeckia hartmanii
• Esenbeckia leiocarpa
• Esenbeckia pumila
• Eucalyptus apodophylla
• Eucalyptus cypellocarpa
• Eucalyptus radiata subsp. radiata
• Eucommia ulmoides
• Euonymus alatus
• Euonymus laxiflorus
• Eupatorium argentinum
• Eupatorium cannabinum
• Eupatorium lindleyanum
• Euphorbia amygdaloides
• Euphorbia chamaesyce
• Euphorbia ebracteolata
• Euphorbia ferganensis
• Euphorbia granulata
• Euphorbia hirta
• Euphorbia humifusa
• Euphorbia jolkinii
• Euphorbia larica
• Euphorbia myrsinites
• Euphorbia palustris
• Euphorbia pannonica
• Euphorbia pekinensis
• Euphorbia petiolata
• Euphorbia pithyusa
• Euphorbia retusa
• Euphorbia scripta
• Euphorbia smirnovii
• Euryops arabicus
• Euthamia graminifolia
• Excoecaria agallocha
• Fabiana imbricata
• Fagopyrum acutatum
• Fagopyrum esculentum
• Fagopyrum tataricum
• Falconeria insignis
• Faramea multiflora
• Farfugium japonicum
• Felicia amelloides
• Ficus carica
• Ficus nervosa
• Ficus pandurata
• Ficus pumila
• Ficus ruficaulis
• Ficus virens
• Firmiana simplex
• Flacourtia jangomas
• Flindersia xanthoxyla
• Foeniculum vulgare
• Forsteronia refracta
• Forsythia japonica
• Forsythia koreana
• Forsythia suspensa
• Forsythia viridissima
• Fouquieria diguetii
• Fraxinus americana
• Fraxinus chinensis
• Fraxinus chinensis subsp. chinensis
• Fraxinus ornus
• Fraxinus raibocarpa
• Fraxinus stylosa
• Fridericia chica
• Fritillaria meleagris
• Fritillaria monantha
• Fuchsia splendens
• Fumaria officinalis
• Galatella sedifolia subsp. sedifolia
• Galium aparine
• Galium mollugo
• Garcinia intermedia
• Garcinia macrophylla
• Garcinia madruno
• Gardenia imperialis
• Gardenia jasminoides
• Gardenia thailandica
• Garrya elliptica
• Genista cinerea
• Genista pichisermolliana
• Gentianella germanica
• Geranium carolinianum
• Geranium pusillum
• Geranium rectum
• Geranium robertianum
• Geranium sanguineum
• Geranium thunbergii
• Geranium wilfordii
• Ginkgo biloba
• Gleditsia caspica
• Glehnia littoralis
• Glinus lotoides
• Glinus oppositifolius
• Glochidion philippicum
• Glycine max
• Glycosmis macrophylla
• Glycosmis pseudoracemosa
• Glycyrrhiza
• Glycyrrhiza echinata
• Glycyrrhiza glabra
• Glycyrrhiza inflata
• Glycyrrhiza uralensis
• Gmelina asiatica
• Gomesa radicans
• Gomphocarpus fruticosus
• Goodyera schlechtendaliana
• Gossypium hirsutum
• Grangea maderaspatana
• Grevillea robusta
• Grewia mollis
• Grewia villosa
• Grindelia scorzonerifolia
• Griselinia littoralis
• Grona styracifolia
• Guatteria ucayalina
• Gutierrezia alamanii
• Gymnanthemum amygdalinum
• Gymnema sylvestre
• Gymnocalycium schickendantzii
• Gymnocarpium robertianum
• Gymnosporia serrata
• Gypsophila perfoliata
• Habropetalum dawei
• Haematoxylum campechianum
• Halleria lucida
• Haloxylon scoparium
• Hancornia speciosa
• Haplophyllum obtusifolium
• Haplophyllum ramosissimum
• Hedera colchica
• Hedera helix
• Hedera hibernica
• Hedera rhombea
• Hedychium villosum
• Hedyosmum arborescens
• Hedysarum setigerum
• Heimia salicifolia
• Helenium quadridentatum
• Helichrysum arenarium
• Helichrysum cephaloideum
• Helichrysum chionosphaerum
• Helichrysum mixtum
• Helichrysum tenuifolium
• Helicteres angustifolia
• Helietta apiculata
• Heliomeris longifolia var. annua
• Heliopsis helianthoides subsp. scabra
• Heliotropium floridum
• Hemitomes congestum
• Herniaria polygama
• Hesperis matronalis
• Heterotheca grandiflora
• Heterotheca inuloides
• Hexasepalum teres
• Hibiscus moscheutos
• Himalaiella deltoidea
• Hippeastrum papilio
• Hippophae rhamnoides
• Hoffmannia strigillosa
• Holarrhena floribunda
• Houttuynia cordata
• Hovenia acerba
• Humulus lupulus
• Hydrangea paniculata
• Hylotelephium ewersii
• Hymenaea courbaril
• Hyoscyamus niger
• Hypericum ascyron
• Hypericum balearicum
• Hypericum caprifolium
• Hypericum elegans
• Hypericum hirsutum
• Hypericum laricifolium
• Hypericum monogynum
• Hypericum montanum
• Hypericum perforatum
• Hypericum polyanthemum
• Hypericum punctatum
• Hypericum reflexum
• Hypericum richeri
• Hypericum styphelioides
• Hypericum triquetrifolium
• Hypericum venustum
• Hypolepis punctata
• Ilex aquifolium
• Ilex brevicuspis
• Ilex chinensis
• Ilex dunniana
• Ilex hainanensis
• Ilex macropoda
• Ilex paraguariensis
• Impatiens balsamina
• Inga velutina
• Inula japonica
• Inulanthera dregeana
• Iphiona grantioides
• Ipomoea muricata
• Iryanthera coriacea
• Isodon japonicus
• Isodon rubescens
• Isophysis tasmanica
• Ixeris chinensis
• Ixeris stolonifera
• Jacaratia spinosa
• Jackiella javanica
• Jacobaea adonidifolia
• Jacobaea ambracea
• Jacobaea renardii
• Jacobaea vulgaris
• Jacquemontia paniculata
• Jasminum fluminense
• Jasminum grandiflorum
• Jasminum mesnyi
• Jasminum officinale
• Jatropha macrorhiza
• Juglans nigra
• Juniperus brevifolia
• Juniperus communis var. depressa
• Juniperus drupacea
• Juniperus horizontalis
• Juniperus sabina
• Kaempferia marginata
• Kaempferia parviflora
• Kalanchoe pinnata
• Kandelia candel
• Kaunia saltensis
• Khaya ivorensis
• Khaya senegalensis
• Kielmeyera coriacea
• Kitagawia praeruptora
• Knautia tatarica
• Knightia deplanchei
• Koompassia malaccensis
• Kopsia profunda
• Laburnum watereri
• Lactuca indica
• Lactuca serriola
• Laennecia filaginoides
• Lagochilus leiacanthus
• Lagochilus platycalyx
• Lamium album
• Lamyropsis cynaroides
• Larix gmelinii var. gmelinii
• Laserpitium latifolium
• Lathyrus aphaca
• Lathyrus davidii
• Lathyrus incurvus
• Lathyrus japonicus
• Lathyrus latifolius
• Lathyrus pratensis
• Lathyrus tingitanus
• Launaea arborescens
• Lavandula angustifolia subsp. pyrenaica
• Lemna trisulca
• Leonurus cardiaca
• Leonurus japonicus
• Lepidium cartilagineum
• Lepidium graminifolium
• Lepisorus thunbergianus
• Leptocereus quadricostatus
• Lespedeza tomentosa
• Lessertia frutescens
• Leucadendron microcephalum
• Leucanthemum vulgare
• Leucas neufliseana
• Leuzea centauroides
• Ligularia cymbulifera
• Ligularia platyglossa
• Ligustrum obtusifolium
• Lilium brownii
• Lilium lancifolium
• Lilium philadelphicum
• Lilium pumilum
• Limnocharis flava
• Limonium gmelinii
• Lindera megaphylla
• Linnaea chinensis
• Liparis loeselii
• Liriodendron tulipifera
• Litchi chinensis
• Lithospermum officinale
• Litsea glutinosa
• Lonchocarpus atropurpureus
• Lonicera confusa
• Lonicera hypoglauca
• Lonicera japonica
• Lonicera macrantha
• Lophostemon confertus
• Lotus japonicus
• Lupinus argenteus subsp. argenteus
• Lupinus pilosus
• Lupinus verbasciformis
• Luxemburgia nobilis
• Lycium barbarum
• Lycium chinense
• Lycopus asper
• Lycopus europaeus
• Lycopus lucidus
• Lysiana subfalcata
• Lysimachia christinae
• Lysimachia fordiana
• Lysimachia fortunei
• Lysimachia nummularia
• Lythrum salicaria
• Macaranga peltata
• Macaranga tanarius
• Machilus glaucescens
• Machilus thunbergii
• Maclura pomifera
• Macrothelypteris torresiana
• Macrotyloma axillare
• Maesa lanceolata
• Magnolia fraseri
• Magnolia montana
• Magnolia obovata
• Magnolia pterocarpa
• Magnolia yunnanensis
• Mallotus japonicus
• Mallotus rhamnifolius
• Malus asiatica
• Malus domestica
• Malus sylvestris
• Malva sylvestris
• Mandragora officinarum
• Mangifera indica
• Manihot esculenta
• Marah fabacea
• Markhamia stipulata
• Marrubium cylleneum
• Marrubium velutinum
• Marsypianthes chamaedrys
• Matricaria discoidea
• Mayaca fluviatilis
• Maytenus buxifolia
• Maytenus loeseneri
• Maytenus retusa
• Meconopsis horridula
• Medicago truncatula
• Melaleuca decora
• Melaleuca rhaphiophylla
• Melia azedarach
• Melilotus sulcatus
• Melilotus tauricus
• Melochia tomentosa
• Mentha arvensis
• Mentha suaveolens
• Mentzelia decapetala
• Menyanthes trifoliata
• Mercurialis annua
• Mesembryanthemum emarcidum
• Metanarthecium luteoviride
• Metasequoia glyptostroboides
• Metrodorea nigra
• Microlepia speluncae
• Microtea debilis
• Microtropis fokienensis
• Mikania obtusata
• Miliusa balansae
• Miliusa velutina
• Millettia erythrocalyx
• Millettia ferruginea
• Mitracarpus hirtus
• Mitragyna speciosa
• Mollinedia costaricensis
• Monanthotaxis congoensis
• Monodora undulata
• Monsonia senegalensis
• Montanoa guatemalensis
• Montrouziera sphaeroidea
• Morina kokanica
• Morinda citrifolia
• Morinda morindoides
• Moringa concanensis
• Moringa oleifera
• Moringa stenopetala
• Morus alba
• Morus indica
• Morus nigra
• Muehlenbeckia hastulata
• Mukdenia rossii
• Murraya paniculata
• Murraya paniculata
• Myoporum platycarpum
• Myrica rubra
• Myrsine africana
• Myrsine lancifolia
• Narcissus cuneiflorus
• Nardostachys jatamansi
• Nassauvia cumingii
• Nauclea officinalis
• Neltuma ruscifolia
• Nelumbo nucifera
• Nematolepis phebalioides
• Neobalanocarpus heimii
• Nepenthes thorelii
• Nepeta granatensis
• Nephroia diversifolia
• Nerium oleander
• Nicotiana alata
• Nicotiana attenuata
• Nicotiana glauca
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Nigella sativa
• Ocimum africanum
• Ocimum gratissimum
• Ocotea minarum
• Odontites vulgaris
• Odyendea klaineana
• Oenothera fruticosa
• Oenothera macrocarpa
• Oeosporangium pteridioides
• Oldenlandia herbacea var. herbacea
• Olea europaea
• Oncosiphon suffruticosus
• Ongokea gore
• Onobrychis angustifolia
• Onobrychis arenaria
• Onobrychis arenaria subsp. arenaria
• Onobrychis biebersteinii
• Onobrychis bobrovii
• Onobrychis chorassanica
• Onobrychis cyri
• Onobrychis grandis
• Onobrychis kachetica
• Onobrychis viciifolia
• Ononis spinosa
• Ononis vaginalis
• Ononis viscosa
• Onopordum acanthium
• Operculina turpethum
• Ophiorrhiza blumeana
• Opuntia ficus-indica
• Opuntia stricta
• Orbivestus karaguensis
• Oreocnide sylvatica
• Origanum majoricum
• Ornithogalum nutans
• Oryctes nevadensis
• Osmanthus heterophyllus
• Osodendron altissimum
• Osteospermum muricatum
• Ostericum citriodorum
• Ostrya carpinifolia
• Ouratea semiserrata
• Oxalis purpurea
• Oxera splendida
• Oxytropis racemosa
• Oxytropis strobilacea
• Paesia anfractuosa
• Palaquium canaliculatum
• Paliurus spina-christi
• Pancratium sickenbergeri
• Pangium edule
• Panzerina lanata
• Parablechnum minus
• Paracalyx scariosus
• Paragynoxys meridana
• Paramignya scandens
• Parietaria officinalis
• Parinari campestris
• Paronychia kapela
• Pectinopitys ferruginea
• Pedicularis procera
• Pedicularis rex
• Pelargonium graveolens
• Pelargonium reniforme
• Penstemon gentianoides
• Penstemon linarioides
• Pentaclethra macrophylla
• Pentanema britannicum
• Peperomia vulcanica
• Periploca sepium
• Peritassa compta
• Persea americana
• Persicaria amphibia
• Persicaria hydropiper
• Persicaria orientalis
• Persicaria vivipara
• Petasites hybridus subsp. hybridus
• Petasites japonicus
• Petunia inflata
• Peucedanum japonicum
• Peucedanum morisonii
• Peucedanum palustre
• Phalaenopsis aphrodite
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Phedimus selskanianus
• Phelline lucida
• Philadelphus lewisii
• Philenoptera laxiflora
• Philotheca tomentella
• Phlebodium aureum
• Phlebodium decumanum
• Phlojodicarpus sibiricus
• Phlomoides hamosa
• Phlomoides medicinalis
• Phlomoides rotata
• Phoenix canariensis
• Photinia serratifolia
• Phyllanthus amarus
• Phyllanthus emblica
• Phyllanthus klotzschianus
• Phyllanthus sellowianus
• Phyllanthus urinaria
• Phyllanthus virgatus
• Physalis longifolia
• Physalis peruviana
• Physalis solanaceus
• Physalis sordida
• Picea abies
• Picea rubens
• Picrasma quassioides
• Picris conyzoides
• Pimpinella saxifraga
• Pinalia anomala
• Pinalia japonica
• Pinaropappus roseus
• Pinus banksiana
• Pinus edulis
• Pinus flexilis
• Piper regnellii
• Piptanthus nepalensis
• Piptostigma fugax
• Plantago lanceolata
• Plantago lundborgii
• Plathymenia reticulata
• Platonia insignis
• Platycarya strobilacea
• Platycladus orientalis
• Platycodon grandiflorus
• Platyosprion platycarpum
• Plinia cauliflora
• Pluchea dioscoridis
• Pluchea lanceolata
• Podocarpus fasciculus
• Podocarpus nivalis
• Podocarpus salignus
• Podolepis longipedata
• Podophyllum hexandrum
• Polygala amarella
• Polygala myrtifolia
• Polygala paniculata
• Polygaloides chamaebuxus
• Polygonatum stenophyllum
• Polygonum cognatum
• Polygonum senticosum
• Polypodium virginianum
• Polystichum deltodon
• Populus suaveolens
• Portulaca oleracea
• Posidonia oceanica
• Premna tomentosa
• Primula vulgaris
• Prosopis cineraria
• Prosopis farcta
• Prunella vulgaris
• Prunus amygdalus
• Prunus armeniaca
• Prunus avium
• Prunus domestica
• Prunus mume
• Prunus persica
• Prunus prostrata
• Prunus virginiana var. demissa
• Psephellus huber-morathii
• Pseudalbizzia inundata
• Pseudocydonia sinensis
• Psiadia dentata
• Psilotum nudum
• Psorospermum adamauense
• Psychotria bahiensis
• Psychotria stachyoides
• Psydrax dicoccos
• Pteridium esculentum
• Pteris biaurita subsp. fornicata
• Pteris semipinnata
• Pteris sinensis
• Pteris vittata
• Pterocarpus erinaceus
• Pterocaulon virgatum
• Pterogyne nitens
• Ptilidium ciliare
• Pueraria montana var. lobata
• Pulicaria salviifolia
• Punica granatum
• Pyracantha coccinea
• Pyrostegia venusta
• Pyrrosia hastata
• Pyrrosia lingua
• Pyrrosia petiolosa
• Pyrus bourgaeana
• Pyrus communis
• Quercus glauca
• Quercus rubra
• Ranunculus peltatus
• Ranunculus sardous
• Raoulia subsericea
• Rauvolfia salicifolia
• Reichardia gaditana
• Reynoutria japonica
• Reynoutria multiflora
• Rhamnus
• Rheum officinale
• Rhodiola heterodonta
• Rhodiola rosea
• Rhodiola semenovii
• Rhodiola stephani
• Rhododendron anthopogon
• Rhododendron dauricum
• Rhododendron farrerae
• Rhododendron mucronatum
• Rhus coriaria
• Rhynchosia beddomei
• Rhynchosia hirta
• Ribes nigrum
• Ribes viscosissimum
• Ricinus communis
• Ripariosida hermaphrodita
• Roldana angulifolia
• Roldana lobata
• Rosa rugosa
• Rosa villosa
• Rubia cordifolia
• Rubia oncotricha
• Rubia tinctorum
• Rubus chingii
• Rubus conduplicatus
• Rubus coreanus
• Rubus idaeus
• Rubus occidentalis
• Rubus xanthocarpus
• Rumex chalepensis
• Rumex japonicus
• Ruscus aculeatus
• Ruta graveolens
• Ruta pinnata
• Rydingia limbata
• Sagittaria sagittifolia
• Salix caprea
• Salix chaenomeloides
• Salsola collina
• Salta triflora
• Salvia broussonetii
• Salvia dorrii
• Salvia greggii
• Salvia hispanica
• Salvia munzii
• Salvia officinalis
• Salvia polystachya
• Salvia rosmarinus
• Salvia sessei
• Sambucus nigra
• Sandea japonica
• Sandoricum koetjape
• Sanguisorba menendezii
• Sanicula epipactis
• Sapindus trifoliatus
• Sarcandra glabra
• Sarcococca coriacea
• Sarcomelicope argyrophylla
• Sarcomphalus mistol
• Saruma henryi
• Saururus chinensis
• Saussurea amara
• Saussurea controversa
• Saussurea involucrata
• Saxifraga cuneifolia
• Saxifraga tricuspidata
• Scandosorbus intermedia
• Schenkia spicata
• Schinus molle
• Schisandra arisanensis
• Schisandra chinensis
• Schistostephium rotundifolium
• Scleromitrion diffusum
• Scrophularia ilwensis
• Scrophularia wattii
• Scurrula atropurpurea
• Scutellaria orientalis
• Scutellaria seleriana
• Searsia pyroides
• Sedum litoreum
• Sedum sarmentosum
• Sedum yvesi
• Selenicereus undatus
• Senecio adenophyllus
• Senecio behnii
• Senecio heliopsis
• Senecio polyodon
• Senecio praecox
• Senecio sandersonii
• Senecio subdentatus
• Senecio variabilis
• Senecio viscosus
• Senegalia mellifera
• Senna auriculata
• Senna italica
• Senna montana
• Senna rugosa
• Senna siamea
• Senna sophera
• Senna wislizeni
• Serenoa repens
• Seriphidium cinum
• Seriphidium vachanicum
• Serratula coronata subsp. coronata
• Sextonia rubra
• Sideritis arborescens
• Sideritis euboea
• Sideritis soluta
• Sideritis syriaca
• Sideritis trojana
• Sidneya tenuifolia
• Sigesbeckia glabrescens
• Sigesbeckia pubescens
• Silphium perfoliatum
• Simarouba glauca
• Sindora wallichii
• Siphocampylus verticillatus
• Sisyrinchium californicum
• Smilax china
• Smilax glabra
• Soehrensia spachiana
• Solanum bahamense
• Solanum nigrum
• Solanum pimpinellifolium
• Solanum pseudoquina
• Solanum tuberosum
• Solanum villosum
• Solidago altissima
• Solidago canadensis
• Solidago flexicaulis
• Solidago petiolaris
• Sonneratia caseolaris
• Sophora conollyi
• Sophora flavescens
• Sophora flavescens var. flavescens
• Sophora koreensis
• Sorbus aucuparia
• Sorbus tianschanica
• Sparganium stoloniferum
• Spermacoce pusilla
• Spinacia oleracea
• Spirotropis longifolia
• Stenocereus griseus
• Stenocereus laevigatus
• Stephania dielsiana
• Stephania elegans
• Stephania zippeliana
• Sterculia foetida
• Stevia aristata
• Stevia eupatoria
• Stevia polycephala
• Sticherus quadripartitus
• Strychnos pseudoquina
• Strychnos spinosa
• Strychnos tricalysioides
• Stylosanthes erecta
• Styphnolobium japonicum
• Suaeda maritima
• Swertia swertopsis
• Symphyopappus compressus
• Syncarpia hillii
• Synotis cappa
• Synurus excelsus
• Syringa vulgaris
• Syzygium jambos
• Syzygium polycephaloides
• Tabebuia aurea
• Tabebuia heterophylla
• Tabernaemontana divaricata
• Tagetes filifolia
• Takhtajaniantha pseudodivaricata
• Tanacetum coccineum
• Taraxacum coreanum
• Taraxacum mongolicum
• Taraxacum officinale
• Taraxacum platycarpum
• Taraxacum sinicum
• Taxus brevifolia
• Tephrosia hookeriana
• Tephrosia purpurea subsp. purpurea
• Tephrosia vogelii
• Terminalia catappa
• Terminalia chebula
• Terminalia myriocarpa
• Tetradium glabrifolium
• Teucrium asiaticum
• Teucrium cubense
• Teucrium heterophyllum
• Teucrium lanigerum
• Teucrium pestalozzae
• Teucrium yemense
• Thermopsis dolichocarpa
• Thymus algeriensis
• Thymus piperella
• Thymus quinquecostatus
• Thymus vulgaris
• Tilia tomentosa
• Tinospora smilacina
• Tipuana tipu
• Toona sinensis
• Tordylium apulum
• Torminalis glaberrima
• Toxicodendron succedaneum
• Trachelospermum lucidum
• Triadica sebifera
• Triaenophora rupestris
• Trichilia rubescens
• Trichodesma incanum
• Trichomanes alatum
• Trichosanthes kirilowii
• Trichosanthes ovigera
• Trichosanthes rosthornii
• Trichotosia mollis
• Trichotosia subsessilis
• Trifolium apertum
• Trifolium aureum
• Trifolium montanum
• Trifolium polyphyllum
• Trigonostemon reidioides
• Trillium undulatum
• Tripodanthus acutifolius
• Tripteris vaillantii
• Triunia erythrocarpa
• Trollius chinensis
• Tropaeolum majus
• Tropaeolum speciosum
• Tsuga chinensis
• Turraea nilotica
• Tussilago farfara
• Typha latifolia
• Ulmus americana
• Umbellularia californica
• Uncaria hirsuta
• Uncaria macrophylla
• Uncaria rhynchophylla
• Uncaria sinensis
• Uncaria sterrophylla
• Uraria picta
• Urena lobata
• Urochloa eminii
• Urtica dioica
• Utricularia australis
• Uvaria kirkii
• Vachellia tortilis
• Vachellia tortilis subsp. raddiana
• Vahlia capensis
• Vangueria agrestis
• Varronia leucocephala
• Vatica diospyroides
• Vellozia nanuzae
• Vepris glomerata var. glomerata
• Veratrum shanense
• Verbascum densiflorum
• Verbascum phlomoides
• Vernonanthura fagifolia
• Veronica pectinata
• Veronica polita
• Viburnum chingii
• Viburnum plicatum
• Viburnum tinus
• Vicia amoena
• Vicia amurensis
• Vicia monantha
• Vicia sativa
• Vigna angularis
• Vigna mungo
• Vigna radiata
• Vigna umbellata
• Viguiera linearis
• Vinca minor
• Virgilia divaricata
• Virola multinervia
• Visnea mocanera
• Vitellaria paradoxa
• Vitex pinnata
• Vitis aestivalis
• Vitis vinifera
• Wikstroemia chamaedaphne
• Withania somnifera
• Wollastonia dentata
• Wrightia tinctoria
• Wurfbainia villosa
• Wyethia mollis
• Xanthoceras sorbifolium
• Xanthorrhoea resinosa
• Zaluzania grayana
• Zanthoxylum americanum
• Zanthoxylum bungeanum
• Zanthoxylum melanostictum
• Zanthoxylum rhoifolium
• Zingiber officinale
• Ziziphus jujuba
• Ziziphus lotus
• Ziziphus spina-christi
• Zygia racemosa

Cross-Links

• PubChem: 5280805
• NPASS: NPC176740
• ChEMBL: CHEMBL226335
• LOTUS: LTS0032845
• wikiData: Q407857