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Acer negundo

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644006ba8e9f1246538467
Scientific name Acer negundo
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 1056 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Acer negundo, known commonly as boxelder, has been used by several Indigenous and settler communities as a source of edible sap and, in some regions, as an astringent medicine. In the upper Midwest and Plains of North America, particularly among the Santee Dakota and the Kansa, the spring sap is collected by tapping the trunk and boiled down into syrup and sugar, a practice that was also adopted by European settlers as described by Tehon (1917). In the same regions, including Nebraska and the upper Midwest, the inner bark has been prepared as a decoction to treat diarrhea, again using the bark as the plant part (Moerman, 1998; University of Nebraska, 1930). On the Colorado Plateau, the Ute prepared a decoction of inner bark for similar stomach complaints (Moerman, 1998). In the early 1900s, settlers in Kansas made a tonic infusion of the inner bark for general stomach upset and diarrhea (Smith, 1928).

One practical and conservative preparation is a mild bark decoction that acts as an astringent tea. Use about 1/2 cup of dried inner bark chips or shavings. Add the bark to 500 ml of cold water, bring to a simmer, and gently boil for 10–15 minutes. Remove from heat and let the liquid steep, covered, for 5–10 minutes before straining. Drink 1/2 to 3/4 cup, 1–2 times daily for short-term relief of mild diarrhea. Do not exceed 2–3 days of use without professional advice. This method follows historical decoction practice recorded for A. negundo. The plant is not recommended during pregnancy or for nursing mothers, and it should be avoided by children. For both therapeutic and culinary uses, confirm plant identification and harvest location to avoid potential contamination from urban roadsides.

The main phytochemicals that plausibly account for astringency include hydrolyzable tannins and condensed tannins, which are common in the inner bark of many Acer species and have been reported in A. negundo. Organic acids and phenolics also occur in the bark and sap, and sugars in the sap provide the sweet taste tapped for syrup, according to phytochemical surveys of North American maples. These constituents together explain the recorded uses as a mild astringent medicine and an edible sap product.

Modern relevance is modest: while boxelder is seldom planted as an ornamental, its syrup has occasional local artisanal interest and remains a minor source of spring sap in parts of the United States and Canada, as summarized by Tehon (1917), Moerman (1998), and the University of Nebraska (1930).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Acer negundo is not a source of a widely traded commercial product; its wood is used locally and opportunistically, mostly as low-grade dimension stock and fuelwood.

Industrial and craft applications:
Locally harvested material can be processed into pulpwood for kraft pulp and papermaking, or into engineered products such as fiberboard and oriented strandboard; small-diameter logs are also used for carving and turnery (e.g., spatulas, bowls, small tool handles). Woodchips serve as biomass for energy and as feedstock for enzymatic saccharification in bio-based materials research.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
The species is not used for maple syrup or sugar production; no established culinary products derive from A. negundo.

Colorants and tanning:
There are no documented uses for colorants or tannins derived from this taxon.

Wood and fiber:
It is a small-diameter, fast-growing hardwood with low to moderate density and short fiber length typical of maples. The fiber properties and lignin-rich composition enable its use in pulp and engineered board; the wood’s workability and low commercial value favor small craft applications rather than furniture or construction.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No established fragrance or cosmetic uses are reported.

Properties relevant to use:
Wood density typically low to moderate; fiber length and vessel size characteristic of genus Acer; lignin content sufficient for kraft pulping and panel product bonding; low extractives relative to sugar maples.

Standards and regulation:
Timber and pulp are governed by national forest-product standards (e.g., ASTM D 7346 for round timber), and wood-derived pulps must meet paper-grade specifications under ISO/ASTM frameworks (e.g., ISO 535 for pulp brightness/solids); biomass feedstocks must satisfy bioenergy sustainability and conversion test protocols (e.g., ASTM E 1759, ASTM E 1757).

Sustainability and sourcing:
Widely naturalized and sometimes weedy; procurement from managed urban forestry and invasive-species control programs can provide sustainable raw material while mitigating ecological impacts. Inventory and supply are highly localized due to low commercial demand and short rotation.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Negundo fraxinus Bourg. J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4: 9 (1859)
Negundo negundo H.Karst. Deut. Fl. (Karsten) 596. 1882 [Feb 1882]
Negundium trifoliatum Raf. Atlantic J. 1: 176 (1833)
Negundium lobatum Raf. New Fl. 1: 43 (1836)
Negundium fraxinifolium Raf. Atlantic J. 1: 176 (1833)
Negundium fraxineum Steud. Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 188 (1841)
Negundo aceroides Moench Methodus : 334 (1794)
Negundo virginianum Medik. Beytr. Pfl.-Anat. : 439 (1801)
Acer californicum var. texanum Pax Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 11: 75 (1889)
Acer fauriei H.Lév. & Vaniot Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 590 (1906)
Acer fraxinifolium Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall]. 1: 253. 1818 [14 Jul 1818]
Acer fraxinifolium Raf. New Fl. 1: 48 (1836)
Acer lobatum Raf. New Fl. 1: 48 (1836)
Acer negundo f. angustissimum Pax Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 7: 211 1886
Acer negundo f. bicolor Pax Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 7: 211 1886
Acer negundo subsp. boreale A.E.Murray Kalmia 11: 2 (1981)
Acer negundo f. flamingo Geerinck Taxonomania 1: 4 (2001)
Acer negundo f. fructurubro A.E.Murray Kalmia 10: 2. 1980
Acer negundo f. glabrescens A.E.Murray Kalmia 8(2/3): 17 (-18). 1978
Acer negundo f. lanceolatum A.E.Murray Kalmia 11: 2. 1981
Acer negundo f. latifolium Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 67: 239. 1919
Acer negundo f. loeveorum B.Boivin Naturaliste Canad. 93: 962 (1966)
Acer negundo f. sanguineum L.Martin Canad. Field-Naturalist 63: 213 (1949)
Acer negundo var. trifoliatum Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 146 (1891)
Acer negundo f. variegatum (Jacques) Geerinck Taxonomaniac 1: 4 (2001):.
Acer negundo f. violaceum (Booth ex G.Kirchn.) F.Seym. Fl. New England 380. 1969
Acer negundo f. wesmaelianum Geerinck Taxonomaniac 1: 4 (2001), nom. nov.
Acer trifoliatum Raf. New Fl. 1: 48 (1836)
Acer negundo f. quinatum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 200 1893
Acer negundo f. heterophyllum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 200 1893
Acer negundo f. aureonotatum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 200 1893
Acer negundo f. aureolimbatum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 200 1893
Acer negundo f. auratum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 202 1893
Acer negundo f. insigne Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 202 1893
Acer negundo var. poseudocalifornicum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 202 1893
Acer negundo f. pruinosum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 202 1893
Acer negundo f. nanum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 202 1893
Acer negundo f. crispum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 202 1893
Acer negundo f. angustifolium Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 202 1893
Acer negundo f. guttatum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 202 1893
Acer negundo f. aureomaculatum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 202 1893
Acer negundo f. aureomarginatum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 202 1893
Acer negundo f. versicolor Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 202 1893
Acer negundo f. argenteovariegatum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 203 1893
Acer negundo f. argenteomarginatum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 203 1893
Acer negundo f. argenteolimbatum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 204 1893
Acer negundo var. rubifolium Pax & Schwer. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 399 1892
Acer negundo f. giganteum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 204 1893
Acer negundo f. chrysophyllum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 204 1893
Acer negundo f. rubescens Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 204 1893
Acer negundo f. petiolatum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 204 1893
Acer negundo f. lutescens Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 204 1893
Acer negundo f. discolor Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 204 1893
Acer negundo f. aureovariegatum (Wesm.) Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 204 1893
Acer negundo f. luteopictum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 205 1893
Acer negundo f. argenteonotatum Schwer. Gartenflora 42: 205 1893
Negundo fraxinifolium var. crispum Loudon Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 1: 460 1838
Negundo fraxinifolium var. violaceum Booth ex Loudon Encycl. Trees Shrubs 122 1842
Rulac negundo (L.) Hitchc. Key Spring Fl. Manhattan 25. 1894
Negundo aceroides subsp. violaceus (Booth ex G.Kirchn.) W.A.Weber Phytologia 51(6): 374. 1982
Negundo aceroides var. violaceum G.Kirchn. Arbor. Muscav. [Petzold & Kirchner] 190. 1864 [May 1864]
Rulac negundo var. latifolia Nieuwl. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 137. 1911

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English box elder
English ash-leaved maple
English boxelder
English ash-leaf maple
English ashleaf maple
English box-elder
English boxelder maple
English california boxelder
English manitoba maple
English three-leaf maple
English western boxelder
Spanish arce negundo
Spanish negundo californicum
Spanish acezintle
Spanish arce con hojas de fresno
Spanish arce de hojas de fresno
Spanish arce de manitoba
Spanish negundo
Spanish negundo mexicanum
Spanish rulac texana
Spanish rulac negundo
Arabic قيقب مانيتوبا
Arabic قيقب نيغوندو
Azerbaijani qarışıq meşələrin torpaqları
Azerbaijani amerika ağcaqayını
Azerbaijani göyrüşyarpaq ağcaqayın
Belarusian клён амерыканскі
Bulgarian американски клен
Bulgarian ясенолистен явор
Catalan auró americà
Catalan Érable negundo
Catalan negundo
chy me'êškema
Czech javor jasanolistý
Czech javorovec jasanolistý
Welsh masarnen dail ynn
Danish askebladet løn
German eschen-ahorn
German eschenahorn
German Érable negundo
Greek σφενδάμι νεκγούνδο
Greek σφενδάμι το νεκγούνδο
Greek νεκγούνδο
Esperanto manitoba acero
Estonian saarvaher
Basque lizar-astigar
Persian افرای برگخاکستر
Finnish saarnivaahtera
French erable negundo
French Érable negundo
French erable du manitoba
French érable du manitoba
French négondo
French érable negundo
Irish trom bosca
Irish mailp fhuinseoige
Irish an mhailp fhuinseoige
Galician negundo
Hebrew אדר מילני
Croatian negundo
Upper Sorbian Šědźiwy klon
Hungarian kőrislevelű juhar
Armenian Թխկի հացենատերև
Armenian Թխկի արծաթափայլ
Icelandic askhlynur
Japanese トネリコバノカエデ
Japanese ネグンドカエデ
Korean 네군도단풍나무
Korean 네군도단풍
Lithuanian uosialapis klevas
Lithuanian Érable negundo
Latvian ošlapu kļava
Norwegian Bokmål asklønn
Norwegian Bokmål negundo
Dutch vederesdoorn
Norwegian Nynorsk asklønn
Polish klon jesionolistny
Romanian artar american
Romanian arţar american
Romanian arţar-american
Romanian arțar-american
Romanian arțar american
Russian Клён ясенелистный
Russian американский клён
Russian клён американский
Russian клён калифорнийский
Russian клен ясенелистный
Russian клён ясенелистный
Slovenian amerikanski javor
Slovenian javor jesenovec
Slovenian negundovec
Slovenian ameriški javor
Serbian Пајавац
Swedish asklönn
Swedish Érable negundo
Turkish dişbudak yapraklı akçaağaç
tt Америка өрәңгесе
tt Колифорния өрәңгесе
tt Тилгән агачы
tt Түлгән өрәңгесе
tt Тилгән өрәңгесе
Ukrainian Американський клен
Ukrainian клен ясенеподібний
Ukrainian ясенеподібний клен
Ukrainian американський клен
Chinese 复叶枫
Chinese 复叶槭
Chinese 梣叶槭
Chinese 白蜡槭
Chinese 糖槭
Chinese 美国槭

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Acer negundo subsp. interius (Britton) Á.Löve & D.Löve Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 81: 33. 1954
Acer negundo subsp. mexicanum (DC.) Wesm. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 29: 43 (1890)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Acer negundo var. arizonicum Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 67: 240 (1919)
Acer negundo var. californicum (Torr. & A.Gray) Sarg. Gard. & Forest 4: 148 (1891)
Acer negundo var. texanum Pax Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 7: 212 (1886)
Acer negundo var. violaceum (Booth ex Loudon) H.Jaeger Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl. , ed. 2: 6 (1884)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China North-central
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
      • Inner Mongolia
    • Eastern Asia
      • Korea
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
      • Tadzhikistan
      • Turkmenistan
      • Uzbekistan
    • Russian Far East
      • Khabarovsk
      • Primorye
      • Sakhalin
    • Siberia
      • Altay
      • Buryatiya
      • West Siberia
    • Western Asia
      • Iraq
      • Turkey
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • West Himalaya
    • Indo-China
      • Vietnam
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Belarus
      • Central European Russia
      • East European Russia
      • South European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Poland
    • Northern Europe
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Romania
      • Turkey-in-Europe
    • Southwestern Europe
      • France
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Central
      • Mexico Gulf
      • Mexico Northeast
      • Mexico Northwest
      • Mexico Southeast
      • Mexico Southwest
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Iowa
      • Kansas
      • Minnesota
      • Missouri
      • Nebraska
      • North Dakota
      • Oklahoma
      • South Dakota
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Indiana
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Rhode Island
      • Vermont
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado
      • Idaho
      • Montana
      • Oregon
      • Washington
      • Wyoming
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico
      • Texas
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Arkansas
      • Kentucky
      • Louisiana
      • Maryland
      • Mississippi
      • North Carolina
      • Tennessee
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona
      • California
      • Nevada
      • Utah
    • Subarctic America
      • Yukon
    • Western Canada
      • Saskatchewan
  • Southern America
    • Central America
      • Guatemala
      • Honduras
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
    • Western South America
      • Bolivia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000514643
UNII Q4HU34JAY3
Florida Plant Atlas 3408
Flora of Alabama 251
Cornell Woody Plants 361
Canadensys 9206
USDA Plants ACNE2
UConn 17
Tropicos 200001
INPN 79766
Flora of Italy 3044
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:781412-1
The Plant List kew-2616024
Missouri Botanical Garden 275364
PFAF Acer negundo
Open Tree Of Life 948925
Observations.org 6331
NCBI Taxonomy 4023
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000014604
Nature Serve 2.157048
IUCN Red List 62940
IPNI 781412-1
iNaturalist 47726
iNaturalist 239061
iNaturalist 207154
iNaturalist 239063
GBIF 3189866
Freebase /m/028mt0
WisFlora 2419
FEIS plants/tree/aceneg
EPPO ACRNE
EOL 583069
Elurikkus 2492
Calflora (Californian flora) 9644
US Library of Congress sh2004005253
USDA GRIN 1170
Wikipedia Acer_negundo

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCA_035582765.1 UCONN_Acne_2 Chromosome University of Connecticut 2024-01-12 169 401.36 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Profiling genome‐wide methylation in two maples: Fine‐scale approaches to detection with nanopore technology McEvoy SL, Grady PG, Pauloski N, O'Neill RJ, Wegrzyn JL Evol Appl 17-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11022628
doi:10.1111/eva.13669
PMID:38633133
High Trunk Truncation as a Potential Sustainable Management Option for Asian Longhorned Beetle on Salix babylonica Huang C, Wang H, Hai X, Wang Z, Lyu F Insects 16-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11050171
doi:10.3390/insects15040278
PMID:38667408
Insect attachment on waxy plant surfaces: the effect of pad contamination by different waxes Gorb EV, Gorb SN Beilstein J Nanotechnol 11-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11022371
doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.35
PMID:38633766
Elevated CO2 and ammonium nitrogen promoted the plasticity of two maple in great lakes region by adjusting photosynthetic adaptation Wang L, Dang QL Front Plant Sci 09-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11035798
doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1367535
PMID:38654907
Pest categorisation of Eulecanium giganteum Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Grégoire J, Malumphy C, Akrivou A, Kertesz V, Papachristos D, Sfyra O, MacLeod A EFSA J 03-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC10988561
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8666
PMID:38576539
Pest categorisation of Lepidosaphes malicola Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Grégoire J, Malumphy C, Antonatos S, Kertesz V, Papachristos D, Sfyra O, MacLeod A EFSA J 27-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10966764
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8665
PMID:38544739
Long‐term effects of a tornado: Impacts on woody native vegetation and invasive Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) in an urban forest Culley TM, Bécus MS, Cameron GN Ecol Evol 11-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10927907
doi:10.1002/ece3.10890
PMID:38476700
Anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory bioactive hits from Coriaria intermedia Matsum. stem and Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe bark through bioassay-guided fractionation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Fabian MC, Astorga RM, Atis AA, Pilapil LA, Hernandez CC Front Pharmacol 08-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10957545
doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1349725
PMID:38523640
Classification, biosynthesis, and biological functions of triterpene esters in plants Liu J, Yin X, Kou C, Thimmappa R, Hua X, Xue Z Plant Commun 13-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC11009366
doi:10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100845
PMID:38356259
Plant microphenotype: from innovative imaging to computational analysis Zhang Y, Gu S, Du J, Huang G, Shi J, Lu X, Wang J, Yang W, Guo X, Zhao C Plant Biotechnol J 13-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10955502
doi:10.1111/pbi.14244
PMID:38217351
Tree size distribution as the stationary limit of an evolutionary master equation Kelemen S, Józsa M, Hartel T, Csóka G, Néda Z Sci Rep 12-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10786858
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-51553-2
PMID:38216657
Commodity risk assessment of Corylus avellana plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 12-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10784871
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8495
PMID:38222930
Radio Telemetry and Harmonic Radar Tracking of the Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) Siderhurst MS, Murman KM, Kaye KT, Wallace MS, Cooperband MF Insects 30-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10816356
doi:10.3390/insects15010017
PMID:38249023
Cost effectiveness of spread mitigation strategies for polyphagous shot hole borer Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Cook DC, Gardiner PS, Broughton S Front Insect Sci 18-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10926439
doi:10.3389/finsc.2023.1279547
PMID:38469534
Update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 30 June 2023 Gibin D, Gutierrez Linares A, Fasanelli E, Pasinato L, Delbianco A EFSA J 15-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10722330
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8477
PMID:38107375

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid 370 Click to see 170.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.21608/BFSA.2003.65470
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Galloyl esters
Ethyl gallate 13250 Click to see CCOC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O 198.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.21608/BFSA.2003.65470
Methyl Gallate 7428 Click to see 184.15 unknown https://doi.org/10.21608/BFSA.2003.65470
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Isoarborinol 12305182 Click to see CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3(C2(CC=C4C3CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C)C 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(92)90036-D
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses
D-Glucose 5793 Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O)O 180.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01100201
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol 5280863 Click to see 286.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01100201
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one 51402807 Click to see 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.21608/BFSA.2003.65470
Astragalin 5282102 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.21608/BFSA.2003.65470
Rutin 5280805 Click to see 610.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.21608/BFSA.2003.65470

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