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Firmiana simplex

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64401cb94c2b0235072648
Scientific name Firmiana simplex
Authority (L.) W.Wight
First published in Bull. Bur. Pl. Industr. U.S.D.A. 142: 67 (1909)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

In China, Firmiana simplex leaves are occasionally taken as a beverage tea or a mild medicinal infusion among communities in Fujian, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang provinces, and the flowers have been used similarly in some locales (Zhang et al., 2014; Cai and Jiang, 2014). In Korea, dried leaf tea has been reported in regional ethnobotanical surveys, and decoctions of the aerial parts are traditionally taken for acute coughs and sore throats (Lee et al., 2021). In Vietnam, traditional healers use a bark or leaf decoction to help reduce swellings and to support the skin around inflamed areas (Nguyen Van Du et al., 2012; Vu et al., 2018). Across these uses the plant parts are explicitly the leaves, flowers, or bark; the preparations are infusions, decoctions, and macerations, not respiratory steam inhalations or any unverified ceremonial uses.

For a simple mild tea, gather 3–4 fresh young leaves (about 6–8 g) and rinse briefly. Place them in a teapot, pour 250–300 ml of just-off-the-boil water (around 95 °C), and steep for 5 minutes before straining. For a stronger medicinal decoction, combine 10–15 g of dried leaves or a small slice of bark with 500 ml water, bring to a boil, simmer for 10 minutes, cool to warm, and drink in two portions over the day. A 1:5 tincture can be made by macerating 20 g of dried leaves in 100 ml of 45% ethanol for 2 weeks, shaking daily, and then straining; take 1–2 ml at a time. Because variability in reported use exists and active constituents include possible estrogenic flavonoids, limit daily intake, avoid long‑term high‑dose use in pregnancy and nursing, and consult a practitioner if you have hormone‑sensitive conditions or are taking anticoagulants.

Well‑established constituents include flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol glycosides, tannins, terpenoids including β‑sitosterol, and a small amount of caffeine in some leaf samples (Zhang et al., 2014; Cai and Jiang, 2014; Lee et al., 2021). These compounds plausibly account for the astringent, anti‑inflammatory, mild analgesic, and bronchodilatory actions noted in traditional practice.

Today the plant continues to appear in regional tea shops and herbal pharmacies where leaf and flower teas are sold, and modern phytochemical work continues to characterize flavonoids and triterpenoids; local craft tinctures and dried‑leaf products are occasionally offered alongside more common medicinal teas in parts of China, Korea, and Vietnam.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Bast fiber (stripped inner bark), used in cordage and traditionally in Taiwan for making paper.

Industrial and craft applications:
The strong bast fibers yield a coarse cordage suitable for ropes and net-making. Historically, the fiber has been used as a pulp raw material in small-scale papermaking in parts of China/Taiwan.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Young leaves are used as a culinary wrapping (e.g., for rice dumplings) in parts of East Asia; described as flavor-neutral and primarily serving as a packaging material.

Colorants and tanning:
No documented non-medicinal uses for colorants or tanning are reported.

Wood and fiber:
The wood is light and soft, but not durable outdoors; it is occasionally utilized for crates, packing cases, and other low-stress applications. The primary fiber interest is in the inner bark for cordage.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No documented non-medicinal uses are reported.

Properties relevant to use:
Bast fibers are long and strong, enabling cordage; the wood’s low density supports its use as a lightweight timber in low-stress applications.

Standards and regulation:
No specific standards or regulatory frameworks are documented for products derived from this species.

Sustainability and sourcing:
No sustainability or sourcing data are documented for this species.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Sterculia fiorniana J.F.Gmel. Syst. Nat. ed. 13[bis] : 1034 (1792)
Sterculia platanifolia L.f. Suppl. Pl. : 423 (1782)
Sterculia pyriformis Bunge Enum. Pl. China Bor. : 9 (1833)
Sterculia tomentosa Thunb. Icon. Pl. Jap. 4: t. 8 (1802)
Sterculia simplex (L.) Druce Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles 3: 425 (1913 publ. 1914)
Caucanthus platanifolia Raf. Sylva Tellur. : 72 (1838)
Clompanus pyriformis Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 78 (1891)
Clompanus simplex (L.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 77 (1891)
Culhamia hadiensis J.F.Gmel. Syst. Nat. ed. 13[bis] : 754 (1791)
Culhamia platanifolia Steud. Nomencl. Bot. : 245 (1821)
Culhamia simplex (L.) Nakai Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 31: 76 (1952)
Culhamia triloba Raf. Sylva Tellur. : 73 (1838)
Firmiana chinensis Medik. ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot. : 814 (1821)
Firmiana platanifolia (L.f.) Marsili Saggi Sci. Lett. Accad. Padova 1: 106 1786
Firmiana platanifolia var. tomentosa (Thunb.) Sa.Kurata Ill. Important For. Trees Japan , ed. 2, 2: 124 (1974)
Hibiscus simplex L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2 : 977 (1763)
Firmiana platanifolia (L.f.) Schott & Endl. Melet. Bot. 33. 1832
Sterculia firmiana J.F.Gmel. Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis]. 2(2): 1632. 1792 [1791 publ. late Apr-Oct 1792]
Firmiana simplex var. glabra Hatus.

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English parasol
English wutong tree
English wu tong tree
English wu tong
English chinese parasoltree
English parasol tree
English tong
English tong tree
English wutong
English chinese parasol tree
Azerbaijani sadə firmiana
Azerbaijani Çinaryarpaq sterkuliya
Bulgarian проста фирмиана
German chinesischer sonnenschirmbaum
German wutong-baum
German parasolbaum
Persian سیدالاشجار
Hebrew פירימיאנה פשוטה
Japanese 青桐
Japanese アオギリ
Korean 벽오동
mnc ᡠᡵᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᠮᠣᠣ
Russian Фирмиана простая
tay tlakas
Chinese 梧桐
Chinese 梧桐叶
Chinese 梧桐子
Chinese 梧桐根
Chinese 梧桐花
Chinese 梧桐白皮

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China North-central
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
      • Hainan
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Korea
      • Nansei-shoto
      • Taiwan
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Bangladesh
    • Indo-China
      • Vietnam
  • Northern America
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • Texas
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Arkansas
      • District Of Columbia
      • Florida
      • Georgia
      • Louisiana
      • Mississippi
      • North Carolina
      • South Carolina
      • Tennessee
      • Virginia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000691059
Florida Plant Atlas 440
Flora of Alabama 3593
USDA Plants FISI2
Tropicos 30400635
INPN 98730
Flora of Italy 9828
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:823357-1
The Plant List kew-2813006
Missouri Botanical Garden 287262
PFAF Firmiana simplex
Open Tree Of Life 283034
NCBI Taxonomy 190243
Nature Serve 2.142359
IUCN Red List 144249801
IPNI 823357-1
iNaturalist 162991
GBIF 3152111
Freebase /m/0gmvfy
EPPO FIRPL
EOL 584813
Calflora (Californian flora) 9123
USDA GRIN 102001
Wikipedia Firmiana_simplex
CMAUP NPO12068
PaleoBotany 11160

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
An unusually high prevalence of allergic rhinitis at high altitudes in 6–7 year old children – An epidemiological study Gao YQ, Seah JJ, Wang ML, Tang QP, Wang DY, Bi XY, Han HW, Zhang TS, Ma J World Allergy Organ J 04-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11089395
doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2024.100887
PMID:38742158
Pest categorisation of Pyrrhoderma noxium Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Golic D, Gobbi A, Maiorano A, Pautasso M, Reignault PL EFSA J 19-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10949325
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8667
PMID:38505477
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Melochia corchorifolia Linnaeus, 1753 (Sterculiaceae) Wang W, Wang X Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 24-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10810621
doi:10.1080/23802359.2024.2305711
PMID:38274854
Core microbiota drive multi-functionality of the soil microbiome in the Cinnamomum camphora coppice planting Sun L, Li G, Zhao J, Zhang T, Liu J, Zhang J BMC Microbiol 10-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10777636
doi:10.1186/s12866-023-03170-8
PMID:38200417
Preliminary exploration of herbal tea products based on traditional knowledge and hypotheses concerning herbal tea selection: a case study in Southwest Guizhou, China Long X, Ranjitkar S, Waldstein A, Wu H, Li Q, Geng Y J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 02-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10763305
doi:10.1186/s13002-023-00645-w
PMID:38169414
Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of 76 Plant Species Collected in Andalusia (Spain) against Lung Cancer Cells Jiménez-González V, Benítez G, Pastor JE, López-Lázaro M, Calderón-Montaño JM Plants (Basel) 15-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10536323
doi:10.3390/plants12183275
PMID:37765439
Companion Plants of Tea: From Ancient to Terrace to Forest Wu H, Long X, Geng Y Plants (Basel) 25-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10490072
doi:10.3390/plants12173061
PMID:37687308
16S rRNA Gene Sequencing of Six Psyllid Species of the Family Carsidaridae Identified Various Bacteria Including Symbiopectobacterium Maruyama J, Inoue H, Hirose Y, Nakabachi A Microbes Environ 22-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10522848
doi:10.1264/jsme2.ME23045
PMID:37612118
The complete chloroplast genome of Grewia biloba var. parviflora (Bunge) Hand.-Mazz. (Malvaceae) Hou WJ, Men WX, Bian C, Song YY, Yang YY, Xu L, Kang TG Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 02-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10399491
doi:10.1080/23802359.2023.2240057
PMID:37545553
Woody plant functional traits and phylogenetic signals correlate with urbanization in remnant forest patches Yang J, Wang Z, Pan Y, Zheng Y Ecol Evol 31-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10388403
doi:10.1002/ece3.10366
PMID:37529580
Two Species Delimitation of Pseudaulacaspis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) Based on Morphology, Molecular Clustering, and Niche Differentiation Lu Y, Deng S, Niu M, Li H, Zhao Q, Zhang H, Wei J Insects 25-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10456064
doi:10.3390/insects14080666
PMID:37623377
Changes in homegardens in relocation villages, a case study in the Baiku Yao area in Southern China Hu R, Xu C, Nong Y, Luo B J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 27-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9972620
doi:10.1186/s13002-023-00578-4
PMID:36849896
Environmental stress - what can we learn from chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis in woody plants? A review Swoczyna T, Kalaji HM, Bussotti F, Mojski J, Pollastrini M Front Plant Sci 14-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9795016
doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.1048582
PMID:36589121
Leucosceptosides A and B: Two Phenyl-Ethanoid Glycosides with Important Occurrence and Biological Activities Frezza C, De Vita D, Toniolo C, Sciubba F, Tomassini L, Venditti A, Bianco A, Serafini M, Foddai S Biomolecules 02-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9775335
doi:10.3390/biom12121807
PMID:36551235
Three Pairs of Novel Enantiomeric 8-O-4′ Type Neolignans from Saussurea medusa and Their Anti-inflammatory Effects In Vitro Cao JY, Dong Q, Wang ZY, Mei LJ, Tao YD, Yu RT Int J Mol Sci 15-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9698588
doi:10.3390/ijms232214062
PMID:36430559

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles
Estragole 8815 Click to see 148.20 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Coumarinolignans
Aquillochin 14282064 Click to see 416.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975132
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans
Paulownin 3084131 Click to see 370.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050019L
Syringaresinol 100067 Click to see 418.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975132
Syringaresinol, (+)- 443023 Click to see 418.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975132
Yangambin 443028 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)OC)OC 446.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050019L
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 9,9-epoxylignans / Dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans
(+)-Nortrachelogenin 479756 Click to see 374.40 unknown via CMAUP database
3-Hydroxy-3,4-bis((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)oxolan-2-one 321311 Click to see 374.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Nortrachelogenin 394846 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CC2COC(=O)C2(CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)O)O 374.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides
(2S,10S,11S,15R)-2,11,24-trihydroxy-10-[(E)-3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl]-13-methyl-19-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexacyclo[14.8.0.02,11.03,8.010,15.018,23]tetracosa-1(16),3,5,7,13,17,19,21,23-nonaen-9-one 163062115 Click to see CC1=CC2C3=C(C(=C4C=CC=C(C4=C3)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)C6(C7=CC=CC=C7C(=O)C2(C6(C1)O)C=CC(C)(C)O)O 646.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050019L
(2S,10S,11S,15R)-2,7,11,24-tetrahydroxy-10-[(E)-3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl]-13-methyl-19-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexacyclo[14.8.0.02,11.03,8.010,15.018,23]tetracosa-1(16),3(8),4,6,13,17,19,21,23-nonaen-9-one 163026703 Click to see CC1=CC2C3=C(C(=C4C=CC=C(C4=C3)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)C6(C7=C(C(=CC=C7)O)C(=O)C2(C6(C1)O)C=CC(C)(C)O)O 662.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050019L
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids
Sterculic acid 12921 Click to see 294.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
1-Octacosanol 68406 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO 410.80 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(1R,4aS,10aS)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,5,6,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid 92166187 Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=C(CC1)C3(CCCC(C3CC2)(C)C(=O)O)C 302.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Abietic acid 10569 Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=CCC3C(C2CC1)(CCCC3(C)C(=O)O)C 302.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Dehydroabietic acid 94391 Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3(CCCC(C3CC2)(C)C(=O)O)C 300.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Dextropimarinal 12304198 Click to see 286.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Isopimara-7,15-dienal 12311183 Click to see CC1(CCC2C(=CCC3C2(CCCC3(C)C=O)C)C1)C=C 286.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Isopimaric Acid 442048 Click to see 302.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Levopimaric acid 221062 Click to see CC(C)C1=CCC2C(=C1)CCC3C2(CCCC3(C)C(=O)O)C 302.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Neoabietic acid 221118 Click to see 302.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Palustric acid 443613 Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=C(CC1)C3(CCCC(C3CC2)(C)C(=O)O)C 302.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Pimaric Acid 220338 Click to see 302.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Retene 10222 Click to see 234.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(-)-alpha-Fenchol 439711 Click to see 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
D-Borneol 6552009 Click to see 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(+)-alpha-Terpineol 442501 Click to see 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
(+)-Limonene 440917 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Limonene, (-)- 439250 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Quinone and hydroquinone lipids / Vitamin K compounds
2-[(1R)-3-methyl-1-[4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxynaphthalen-2-yl]but-2-enyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione 163017122 Click to see 708.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050019L
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(+)-Longifolene 1796220 Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C3C1C(C2=C)CC3)C)C 204.35 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol 44586882 Click to see 426.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,11aR,11bR,13aS)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-propan-2-yl-3,4,5,6,7,7a,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-dodecahydro-2H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-one 17751023 Click to see 424.70 unknown via CMAUP database
[(3R,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,12aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate 10552249 Click to see 468.80 unknown via CMAUP database
Beta-Amyrin 73145 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C 426.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Beta-Amyrin Acetate 92156 Click to see 468.80 unknown via CMAUP database
beta-Amyrine 15942855 Click to see 426.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Lupenone 92158 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C 424.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids
Betaine 247 Click to see 117.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Shikimic acids and derivatves
Shikimic acid 8742 Click to see C1C(C(C(C=C1C(=O)O)O)O)O 174.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Forsythoside E 69634125 Click to see 462.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050019L
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 5315597 Click to see 434.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyrimidines / Purines and purine derivatives / Xanthines
Caffeine 2519 Click to see CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)C 194.19 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthopyrans
Tectol 161453 Click to see CC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=C2C4=C(C5=CC=CC=C5C6=C4C=CC(O6)(C)C)O)O)C 450.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050019L
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthopyrans / Naphthopyranones
3,4-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-2H-naphtho(2,3-b)pyran-5,10-dione 72732 Click to see 242.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050019L
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 6476334 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)O)CO)OCCC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O 638.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050019L
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 154496101 Click to see 624.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050019L
Leucosceptoside A 10394343 Click to see 638.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050019L
Martynoside 5319292 Click to see 652.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050019L
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
Scopoletin 5280460 Click to see 192.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975132
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
(2R,3S,4S)-4-benzylsulfanyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2R,3R,4R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol 10372558 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CSC2C(C(OC3=C(C(=CC(=C23)O)O)C4C(C(OC5=CC(=CC(=C45)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)O 700.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
(2R,3S,4S)-4-benzylsulfanyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol 10645351 Click to see 412.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones / Flavanonols
Pinobanksin 73202 Click to see 272.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Quercitrin 5280459 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975132
Rutin 5280805 Click to see 610.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Neoflavonoids / Neoflavones
Stevenin 5321501 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=CC(=O)OC2=C1)C3=CC(=CC=C3)O)O 284.26 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
3,5-Dimethoxystilbene 5316874 Click to see 240.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Pinosylvin methyl ether 5281719 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2 226.27 unknown via CMAUP database

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