Bobgunnia madagascariensis

Details

Ethnobotanical Use

General Uses

Synonyms

Common Names

Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)

Germination/Propagation

Distribution

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Scientific Literature

Phytochemical Profile

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Details Top

Internal ID	UUID643fdad90e233614909380
Scientific name	Bobgunnia madagascariensis
Authority	(Desv.) J.H.Kirkbr. & Wiersema
First published in	Brittonia49: 7 (1997)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice

Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Amongst traditional healers in West and Central Africa Bobgunnia madagascariensis (Desv.) J.H.Kirkbr. & Wiersema is a familiar bitter medicine. Healers in the Guinea‑savanna use bark infusions or decoctions for fevers and painful colic, while in northern Ghana leaves are steeped to make a diuretic “leaf‑tea” and in southern Nigeria and Ghana roots are sliced and cold‑macerated for anthelmintic drinks (Abotsi & Kouassi, 2020). In Zambia and the Congo basin a bark decoction is taken for constipation and “stomach aches,” and the tea is also used for scabies‑related itching as a wash (Latham, 2007). Similar practices with bark decoctions for digestive upset are recorded among communities in the Republic of the Congo (Burkill, 1985). Throughout its range, the most commonly prepared forms are infusions and decoctions; root macerations are reported from the coastal regions of Ghana (Abotsi & Kouassi, 2020). Plant parts employed vary with the complaint: bark for fever, colic and constipation; leaves for tea; roots for anthelmintic use. Chemically, the bark and roots contain saponins, particularly boboside B, triterpenoid and steroidal saponins, and a modest content of flavonoids; these constituents give the preparations their bitterness and are consistent with the documented purgative, diuretic and anthelmintic activities (van Wyk & Wink, 2015; Abotsi & Kouassi, 2020).

A simple preparation used by West‑African herbalists for colicky “stomach aches” is a bark decoction. Place 10–12 g of dried chopped bark in 500 mL cold water, bring to a boil, then simmer 15–20 minutes. Strain and drink one small cup (about 100 mL) once daily for two to three days; longer courses are generally avoided. In Ghana, root slices are similarly macerated in cold water for several hours and taken as a single dose, 8–10 g sliced roots in 250–300 mL, then strained (Abotsi & Kouassi, 2020). According to Burkill (1985), a bark infusion for fever can be made by steeping 15 g dried bark in 300 mL boiling water for 20–30 minutes, then ingesting half a cup.

Safety considerations are important. Because the plant is strongly purgative and may contain toxic saponins, doses should be small and course length limited; the bark decoction is avoided during pregnancy and in young children, and a 30 mL maximum single dose is commonly advised by West‑African practitioners (Abotsi & Kouassi, 2020). Diarrhea, nausea or dizziness should prompt discontinuation. Those on laxatives, anthelmintics or diuretics should consult a health professional before use.

Modern relevance: the bark decoction remains common in rural clinics and markets of West and Central Africa, and the ethnomedical profile continues to draw attention in phytochemical studies of saponins and flavonoids with purgative, diuretic and anthelmintic potential (van Wyk & Wink, 2015; Abotsi & Kouassi, 2020).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
The species is utilized for sawn timber, including flooring, interior joinery, furniture, and utility wood items such as crates and tool handles. It is also processed into veneer and is suitable for turning and carving. Lumber is sometimes marketed as “pau rosa,” especially in regions where French trade nomenclature persists.

Industrial and craft applications:
Bobgunnia madagascariensis is used in fine woodworking for carcase construction, chair and table production, cabinetry, and specialty turned objects. It is suitable for decorative panels and for making household items.

Wood and fiber:
The wood is a durable, fine- to medium-textured tropical hardwood with straight to interlocked grain. Typical properties reported include a density around 720–760 kg/m³ at 12% moisture content, air-dry shrinkage of approximately 3% radial and 7% tangential, and compression strength exceeding 55 MPa. Natural resistance to wood borers is documented, enabling its application in interior joinery and furniture.

Properties relevant to use:
The species’ mechanical strength, moderate shrinkage, stable drying behavior, and fine finishing characteristics make it suitable for precision joinery and furniture work. The density and grain structure allow good turning and carving performance.

Standards and regulation:
Trade follows the French designation “pau rosa,” and the wood is classified under the French tropical timber standard NF B 53-520 for heartwood description. No CITES listing is reported for this species, and it is commonly traded as “Swartzia madagascariensis” in timber directories. VENEER, SAWNWOOD, and dimension lumber standards (ISO 13061 series; ISO 4471/4472) are relevant for grading, moisture control, and sizing.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Bobgunnia madagascariensis is distributed in sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal to Sudan and south to Angola and Mozambique. Harvesting typically occurs from natural forests and secondary woodlands, and no global conservation concern is indicated by the IUCN for this species. Management and sourcing occur via regional timber markets, and continued conservation assessment is recommended given trade overlaps with related Swartzia taxa.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Swartzia madagascariensis	Desv.	Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris)9: 424 (1826)
Swartzia marginata	Benth.	J. Bot. (Hooker)2: 87 (1840)
Tounatea madagascariensis	(Desv.) Baill.	Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris1: 446 (1885)
Swartzia sapinii	De Wild.	Compagnie du Kasaï: 305 (1910)
Swartzia madagascariensis f. glabrescens	G.C.C.Gilbert & Boutique	Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles22: 184 (1953)
Swartzia madagascariensis f. grandifoliolata	G.C.C.Gilbert & Boutique	Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles22: 183 (1953)
Cassia madagascariensis	Poir. ex Desv.	Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris)9: 424 (1826)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	snake bean
Bambara	samagara
Japanese	パーロッサ
Chinese	马达加斯加鲍古豆

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Tanzania
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola
  - Malawi
  - Mozambique
  - Zambia
  - Zimbabwe
- Southern Africa
  - Botswana
  - Caprivi Strip
  - Namibia
  - Northern Provinces
- West Tropical Africa
  - Benin
  - Burkina
  - Gambia
  - Ghana
  - Guinea
  - Guinea-Bissau
  - Ivory Coast
  - Mali
  - Niger
  - Nigeria
  - Senegal
  - Togo
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Cameroon
  - Central African Republic
  - Congo
  - Zaïre

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000192568
Tropicos	50091333
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:995543-1
The Plant List	ild-39135
Open Tree Of Life	476515
NCBI Taxonomy	149635
IUCN Red List	62021198
IPNI	995543-1
iNaturalist	468544
GBIF	2981738
Freebase	/m/0bx_zwn
EOL	641852
USDA GRIN	443643
Wikipedia	Bobgunnia_madagascariensis
CMAUP	NPO1209

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Medicinal Uses of the Fabaceae Family in Zimbabwe: A Review

Maroyi A

Plants (Basel)

10-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10051751
doi:	10.3390/plants12061255
PMID:	36986943

Smallholders’ knowledge about healing goat gastrointestinal parasite infections with wild plants in southern DR Congo

Mavungu GN, Mutombo CS, Numbi DM, Nsenga SN, Muyumba WN, Pongombo CS, Bakari SA, Nachtergael A, Vandenput S, Okombe VE, Duez P

Front Pharmacol

01-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10016610
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2023.1124267
PMID:	36937835

Use of Multi-Date and Multi-Spectral UAS Imagery to Classify Dominant Tree Species in the Wet Miombo Woodlands of Zambia

Shamaoma H, Chirwa PW, Zekeng JC, Ramoelo A, Hudak AT, Handavu F, Syampungani S

Sensors (Basel)

16-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9960281
doi:	10.3390/s23042241
PMID:	36850838

Identification of Gedunin from a Phytochemical Depository as a Novel Multidrug Resistance-Bypassing Tubulin Inhibitor of Cancer Cells

Khalid SA, Dawood M, Boulos JC, Wasfi M, Drif A, Bahramimehr F, Shahhamzehei N, Shan L, Efferth T

Molecules

09-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9501561
doi:	10.3390/molecules27185858
PMID:	36144591

Current biological approaches for management of crucifer pests

Mayanglambam S, Singh KD, Rajashekar Y

Sci Rep

04-Jun-2021

PMCID:	PMC8178325
doi:	10.1038/s41598-021-91088-4
PMID:	34088925

Aqueous and Ethanolic Plant Extracts as Bio-Insecticides—Establishing a Bridge between Raw Scientific Data and Practical Reality

Tavares WR, Barreto MD, Seca AM

Plants (Basel)

04-May-2021

PMCID:	PMC8147817
doi:	10.3390/plants10050920
PMID:	34064367

Cabbage Production in West Africa and IPM with a Focus on Plant-Based Extracts and a Complementary Worldwide Vision

Mondédji AD, Silvie P, Nyamador WS, Martin P, Agboyi LK, Amévoin K, Ketoh GK, Glitho IA

Plants (Basel)

11-Mar-2021

PMCID:	PMC7998567
doi:	10.3390/plants10030529
PMID:	33799877

Countrywide Survey of Plants Used for Liver Disease Management by Traditional Healers in Burkina Faso

Tibiri A, Boria S, Traoré TK, Ouédraogo N, Nikièma A, Ganaba S, Compaoré JM, Ouédraogo I, Guissou IP, Carraz M

Front Pharmacol

30-Nov-2020

PMCID:	PMC7883685
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2020.563751
PMID:	33597863

N/A

Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary

16-Oct-2020

PMCID:	PMC9771675
doi:	10.1016/B978-0-7020-7463-9.50027-6

N/A

Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary

16-Oct-2020

PMCID:	PMC9771680
doi:	10.1016/B978-0-7020-7463-9.50010-0

Phenolic Fingerprinting, Antioxidant, and Deterrent Potentials of Persicaria maculosa Extracts

Quesada-Romero L, Fernández-Galleguillos C, Bergmann J, Amorós ME, Jiménez-Aspee F, González A, Simirgiotis M, Rossini C

Molecules

03-Jul-2020

PMCID:	PMC7411858
doi:	10.3390/molecules25133054
PMID:	32635342

Exploration of Plastid Phylogenomic Conflict Yields New Insights into the Deep Relationships of Leguminosae

Zhang R, Wang YH, Jin JJ, Stull GW, Bruneau A, Cardoso D, De Queiroz LP, Moore MJ, Zhang SD, Chen SY, Wang J, Li DZ, Yi TS

Syst Biol

17-Feb-2020

PMCID:	PMC7302050
doi:	10.1093/sysbio/syaa013
PMID:	32065640

Diversification of African Tree Legumes in Miombo–Mopane Woodlands

Maquia I, Catarino S, Pena AR, Brito DR, Ribeiro NS, Romeiras MM, Ribeiro-Barros AI

Plants (Basel)

20-Jun-2019

PMCID:	PMC6631767
doi:	10.3390/plants8060182
PMID:	31226765

Conservation and sustainable use of the medicinal Leguminosae plants from Angola

Catarino S, Duarte MC, Costa E, Carrero PG, Romeiras MM

PeerJ

23-May-2019

PMCID:	PMC6535223
doi:	10.7717/peerj.6736
PMID:	31198619

Applications of Friedel–Crafts reactions in total synthesis of natural products

Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Saedi P, Momeni T

RSC Adv

03-Dec-2018

PMCID:	PMC9091380
doi:	10.1039/c8ra07325b
PMID:	35558228

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Galloyl esters
3,6-Di-O-Galloyl-Beta-D-Glucose	44421782	Click to see	484.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl Gallate	7428	Click to see	184.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Hydrophenanthrenes
(4bS,8aS)-4-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8a-tetrahydrophenanthrene-3,9-dione	485602	Click to see CC1=C(C(=O)C(=C2C1=CC(=O)C3C2(CCCC3(C)C)C)O)CCO	330.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-2675(20000216)83:2<407::AID-HLCA407>3.0.CO;2-V
4-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8a-tetrahydrophenanthrene-3,9-dione	67576348	Click to see	330.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-2675(20000216)83:2<407::AID-HLCA407>3.0.CO;2-V
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(4-((3S,3aR,6S,6aR)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro(3,4-c)furan-6-yl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	486614	Click to see	520.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[4-[(3S,3aR,6S,6aR)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-6-yl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	44470458	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)COC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC)O	672.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
(1S,5R,8R)-1,5-dimethyl-8-[(3R)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one	44470459	Click to see	388.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-((Z)-hex-3-enoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	5318045	Click to see	262.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
(4R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4-[(3S)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one	101367898	Click to see	388.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
(6R,9R)-3-Oxo-Alpha-Ionol-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside	9820702	Click to see	370.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(E,2R)-4-[(1R)-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	44184344	Click to see	522.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(E,2R)-4-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	11156928	Click to see	538.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2R)-4-[(1S,5R,8R)-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]butan-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	101503539	Click to see	540.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-Hexenyl-beta-glucopyranoside	6450053	Click to see CCCC=CCOC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O	262.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
3Eec4Q65S4	21630888	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)CC(C1C=CC(C)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)(C)C	370.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
6S,9R-Roseoside	9930064	Click to see	386.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
icariside B5	14135399	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)CC(C1(CCC(C)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)(C)C	388.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Macarangioside A	16062725	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)CC(C1(CCC(C)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)(C)C	540.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Macarangioside D	101412231	Click to see	386.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
Euphorbiasteroid	15940183	Click to see CC1CC2(C(C1OC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(C4(CCC5C(C5(C)C)C=C(C2=O)C)CO4)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C	552.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Colensane and clerodane diterpenoids
5-[(1S,2R,4aR,8aS)-1,2,4a,5-tetramethyl-2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3-methylpent-2-en-1-ol	71446681	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C1(C)CCC(=CCO)C)CCC=C2C)C	290.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
Npc111520	14135402	Click to see	226.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aS,12aS,14aS,14bR)-8a-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	162902857	Click to see	779.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83572-4
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	162892646	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)OC4CCC5(C(C4(C)C)CCC6(C5CC=C7C6(CCC8(C7CC(CC8)(C)C)C(=O)O)C)C)C)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O	941.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700309
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	44566867	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2O)OC3CCC4(C(C3(C)C)CCC5(C4CC=C6C5(CCC7(C6CC(CC7)(C)C)C(=O)O)C)C)C)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O	779.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700309
(3beta)-28-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-28-oxoolean-12-EN-3-YL O-6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->3)-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid	101683774	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC3C(C(C(CO3)O)O)O)OC4CCC5(C(C4(C)C)CCC6(C5CC=C7C6(CCC8(C7CC(CC8)(C)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O	1073.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TETLET.2010.07.013
3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl gypsogmin	162901217	Click to see	955.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700309
6-[(8a-Carboxy-4-formyl-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl)oxy]-3-hydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	162901214	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)OC4CCC5(C(C4(C)C=O)CCC6(C5CC=C7C6(CCC8(C7CC(CC8)(C)C)C(=O)O)C)C)C)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O	955.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700309
6-[(8a-Carboxy-4-formyl-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl)oxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	4483447	Click to see	792.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700309
6-[(8a-Carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl)oxy]-3-hydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	75110976	Click to see	941.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700309
6-[(8a-Carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl)oxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	13919530	Click to see	779.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83572-4 https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700309
6-[[4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-Heptamethyl-8a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	13919553	Click to see	1073.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TETLET.2010.07.013
6-[[4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-Heptamethyl-8a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	162990250	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)OC4CCC5(C(C4(C)C)CCC6(C5CC=C7C6(CCC8(C7CC(CC8)(C)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O	1103.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700309
6-[[4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-Heptamethyl-8a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	13919545	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2O)OC3CCC4(C(C3(C)C)CCC5(C4CC=C6C5(CCC7(C6CC(CC7)(C)C)C(=O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O	941.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TETLET.2010.07.013
Cyaonoside A	102196533	Click to see	1103.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700309
Cyaonoside B	21635581	Click to see	941.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TETLET.2010.07.013
Gypsogenin 3-O-rhamnosylglucuronide	441927	Click to see	792.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19870700309
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(18\|A)-Oleanolic acid	7048528	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97243-1
10-Acetyloxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	619165	Click to see	498.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97243-1
3-Hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid	619166	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97243-1
Beta-Amyrin	73145	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
beta-Amyrone	12306160	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(=O)C5(C)C)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	424.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Epifriedelanol	119242	Click to see	428.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Friedelin	91472	Click to see	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Friedelinol	101341	Click to see CC1C(CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C)O	428.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(3S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	11870456	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
6beta-Hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one	9823926	Click to see	428.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Stigmastane-3,6-dione	13992092	Click to see	428.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Peptides / Dipeptides
2-[[1-[[(3E,9Z)-2,7-dioxo-5-propan-2-yl-1,6-diazacyclododeca-3,9-dien-8-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamoylamino]-3-methylbutanoic acid	24978526	Click to see	493.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97243-1
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Secondary alcohols
(3R,4R)-4-[(3S)-3-hydroxybutyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octan-7-one	5319213	Click to see CC(CCC1C(CC(=O)CC12CO2)(C)C)O	226.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxepanes
4-[(1R,3R,5S,8R)-3-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]butan-2-one	11424667	Click to see	226.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / 3-pyridinecarbonitriles
4-Methoxy-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-3-carbonitrile	45079694	Click to see	150.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[4-[(2R,3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	10625848	Click to see	522.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Coumarin glycosides
Scopolin	439514	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / 2-prenylated flavans / 2-prenylated flavanones
(2S)-2-[2-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-5,7-dihydroxy-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	91152580	Click to see	492.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S)-2-[2-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	11351463	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCC1=C(C=CC(=C1O)OC)C2CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC)O)C)C	452.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S)-2-[2-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	11375844	Click to see	520.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S)-2-[2-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	11476850	Click to see	466.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S)-2-[2-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	11466771	Click to see	534.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Macaflavanone D	25155065	Click to see	490.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Macaflavanone E	25155334	Click to see	490.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Macaflavanone F	25155066	Click to see	492.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Macaflavanone G	25155335	Click to see CC(=CCCC1(CCC2=C(C=CC(=C2O1)O)C3CC(=O)C4=C(O3)C=C(C(=C4O)CC=C(C)C)O)C)C	492.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Nymphaeol B	10387631	Click to see	424.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Nymphaeol C	10323393	Click to see	492.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / 6-prenylated flavans / 6-prenylated flavanones
(2S)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	11294269	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCC1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)CC(O2)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)OC)OC)C)C	466.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-[(2R)-8-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)chromen-5-yl]-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	25155068	Click to see CC(=CCCC1(C=CC2=C(C=CC(=C2O1)O)C3CC(=O)C4=C(O3)C=C(C(=C4O)CC=C(C)C)O)C)C	490.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Macaflavanone C	25155069	Click to see CC(=CCCC1(C=CC2=C(C=CC(=C2O1)O)C3CC(=O)C4=C(O3)C=C(C(=C4O)CC=C(C)C)O)C)C	490.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Nymphaeol A	639465	Click to see	424.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see	286.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97243-1
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
3-(beta-D-Arabinopyranosyloxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	21722017	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O	434.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hyperoside	5281643	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	102478095	Click to see	1048.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TETLET.2010.07.013
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	102478096	Click to see	1032.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TETLET.2010.07.013
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	102040022	Click to see	1048.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TETLET.2010.07.013
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	102040023	Click to see	1032.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TETLET.2010.07.013
3-[3-[3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one	162981091	Click to see	1048.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TETLET.2010.07.013
3-[3-[3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one	162843880	Click to see	1032.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TETLET.2010.07.013
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Furanoisoflavonoids / Pterocarpans
(-)-Maackiain	91510	Click to see	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/J39690001109
3,9-Dimethoxypterocarpan	454892	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3COC4=C(C3O2)C=CC(=C4)OC	284.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
Medicarpin	336327	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3COC4=C(C3O2)C=CC(=C4)O	270.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/J39690001109
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins
1,4-di-O-galloyl-alpha-d-glucopyranose	14605152	Click to see	484.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
Ellagic Acid	5281855	Click to see	302.19	unknown	via CMAUP database
Geraniin	3001497	Click to see	952.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Punicafolin	5320800	Click to see	938.70	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Bobgunnia madagascariensis

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