Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

In the German tradition recorded by Blumenthal in The Complete German Commission E Monographs, Verbascum densiflorum flowers are prepared as warm infusions for dry coughs, catarrh of the respiratory tract, and sore throats, and fresh flowers are also pounded into a poultice for painful swellings; the Austrian ethnomedicine described by Vogl et al. also reports the use of the flowers in teas and external compresses for similar complaints. In France, Valnet’s Précis de phytothérapie documents the preparation of mullein flowers by infusion or maceration for coughs and bronchial irritation, with the same external use on bruises and chilblains. Across these regions the flowers are the part most consistently used, although the leaves are sometimes taken as a mild tea in folk practice.

One practical recipe that echoes classical European preparation is a mild mullein flower tea: place one to two teaspoons (about 1–2 g) of dried flowers in a cup, pour just‑boiled water over them, cover, and steep for ten to fifteen minutes; for external poultice, macerate a small handful of fresh flowers in warm water for thirty minutes, wring out, and apply warm to the skin. The same flowers can be made into a 1:5 tincture (w/v) by filling a jar one‑fifth with chopped dried flowers, adding 45% ethanol to the top, sealing, and shaking daily for two to four weeks before straining. Safety notes: people with pollen allergies should avoid topical contact, and mullein is best avoided during pregnancy and lactation unless advised by a qualified practitioner; internally the Commission E cites a typical daily dose of about 4–6 g of flowers or an equivalent amount of a standardized preparation.

Well‑established constituents that plausibly account for the soothing expectorant and demulcent actions include mucilaginous polysaccharides that form a protective film on irritated mucosa; iridoids such as aucubin and harpagide; phenylethanoid glycosides like verbascoside; and saponins that facilitate expectoration. Flavonoids (luteolin, quercetin derivatives) and mucilage together support anti‑inflammatory and soothing effects, while small amounts of essential oil and mucilage contribute to the flowers’ aromatic and protective qualities.

Modern relevance: a small but growing body of research on mullein species continues to explore anti‑inflammatory and expectorant activities, and dried Verbascum densiflorum flowers remain commercially available as herbal tea and tincture while continuing to be used in traditional household medicine across Central and Western Europe.

General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Verbascum velenovskyi	Horak	Oesterr. Bot. Z. 50: 208 (1900)
Verbascum thapsiforme	Schrad.	Monogr. Verbasci 1: 21 (1813)
Verbascum messanense	Tineo	Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 887 (1845)
Verbascum bicolle	Schrank	Baier. Fl. 1: 465 (1789)
Verbascum macrantherum	Halácsy	Oesterr. Bot. Z. 42: 373 (1892)
Verbascum cuspidatum	Schrad.	Monogr. Verbasci 1: 23 (1813)
Verbascum phlomoides var. cuspidatum	(Schrad.) Alef.	Landw. Fl. : 125 (1866)
Verbascum thapsiforme var. bicolle	(Schrank) Gaudin	Fl. Helv. 2: 117 (1828)
Verbascum thapsiforme var. thapsonigrum	Gaudin	Fl. Helv. 2: 117 (1828)
Verbascum thapsiforme var. laxum	Klett & Richt.	Fl. Leipzig : 212 (1830)
Verbascum thapsus var. thapsiforme	(Schrad.) Wahlenb.	Fl. Suecica 1: 139 (1824)
Verbascum floccosum var. gymnostemon	(Franch.) Rouy	Fl. France 11: 13 (1909)
Verbascum phlomoides subsp. thapsiforme	(Schrad.) Čelak.	Prodr. Fl. Böhmen : 313 (1871)
Verbascum phlomoides var. gymnostemon	Franch.	Mém. Soc. Acad. Maine Loire 22: 150 (1868)
Verbascum thapsiforme subsp. cuspidatum	(Schrad.) Arcang.	Comp. Fl. Ital. : 503 (1882)
Verbascum thapsiforme subsp. densiflorum	(Bertol.) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. : 527 (1881)
Verbascum phlomoides var. cuspidatum	(Schrad.) Wirtg.	Fl. Preuss. Rheinprov. : 317 (1857)
Verbascum phlomoides var. thapsiforme	(Schrad.) P.Fourn.	Quatre Fl. France : 759 (1937)
Verbascum phlomoides subsp. thapsiforme	Rouy	Fl. France 11: 8 (1909)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	dense-flowered mullein
English	mullein
English	denseflowered mullein
English	denseflower mullein
Spanish	verbascum cuspidatum
Spanish	verbascum thapsiforme
Spanish	verbascum phlomoides var. thapsiforme
Spanish	verbascum phlomoides var. cuspidatum
Spanish	verbascum macrantherum
Spanish	acebustre
ab	Амшәҳа
Azerbaijani	uca sığırquyruğu
Belarusian	Дзіванна скіпетрападобная
Bulgarian	гъстоцветен лопен
Catalan	faux bouillon blanc
Catalan	denseflower mullein
Czech	divizna velkokvětá
Welsh	pannog ddwysflodeuog
German	faux bouillon blanc
German	großblütige königskerze
German	dichtblütige königskerze
Finnish	akantulikukka
French	verbascum thapsiforme
French	faux bouillon blanc
French	faux bouillon-blanc
French	molene a fleurs denses
French	molène à fleurs denses
French	molène faux bouillon-blanc
French	molène faux bouillon blanc
Upper Sorbian	wulka dźiwizna
Hungarian	dúsvirágú ökörfarkkóró
Igbo	denseflower mullein
Lithuanian	didžiažiedė tūbė
Lithuanian	faux bouillon blanc
Macedonian	Мопен
Dutch	stalkaars
os	Арсызагалæг
Polish	verbascum thapsiforme
Polish	dziewanna wielkokwiatowa
Romanian	lumânărică
Russian	verbascum thapsiforme
Russian	Коровяк высокий
Russian	Коровяк скипетровидный
Russian	Коровяк густоцветковый
Slovak	divozel veľkokvetý
Slovenian	velecvetni lučnik
Swedish	faux bouillon blanc
Swedish	Ölandskungsljus
Ukrainian	дивина великоцвіта
Ukrainian	дивина густоквіткова
Ukrainian	Дивина скіпетровидна
Ukrainian	verbascum thapsiforme
Ukrainian	дивина скіпетровидна
Chinese	毒鱼草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Macaronesia
  - Madeira
- Northern Africa
  - Morocco

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - Krym
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - France
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Iowa
  - Missouri
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Massachusetts
  - Michigan

Southern America click to expand
- Southern South America
  - Chile Central

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000420566
UNII	FH9G6709EL
USDA Plants	VEDE4
Tropicos	29203784
INPN	128567
Flora of Italy	4750
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:811003-1
The Plant List	kew-2454940
Open Tree Of Life	3883072
Observations.org	7608
NCBI Taxonomy	1534716
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000004047
Nature Serve	2.132570
IPNI	811003-1
iNaturalist	62339
GBIF	3171939
Freebase	/m/0bbwlcs
WisFlora	5335
EPPO	VESDE
EOL	484420
USDA GRIN	41145
Wikipedia	Verbascum_densiflorum
CMAUP	NPO16142

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal research into medicinal plants in the Mt Stara Planina region (south-eastern Serbia, Western Balkans)

Jarić S, Kostić O, Miletić Z, Marković M, Sekulić D, Mitrović M, Pavlović P

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

10-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10782642
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00647-2
PMID:	38200599

Temporal Changes in the Use of Wild Medicinal Plants in Trentino–South Tyrol, Northern Italy

Mattalia G, Graetz F, Harms M, Segor A, Tomarelli A, Kieser V, Zerbe S, Pieroni A

Plants (Basel)

19-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10301116
doi:	10.3390/plants12122372
PMID:	37375997

Characterization of saponins from the leaves and stem bark of Jatropha curcas L. for surface-active properties

Rai S, Kafle A, Devkota HP, Bhattarai A

Heliyon

28-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10176063
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15807
PMID:	37187903

Natural Products for the Prevention and Treatment of Common Cold and Viral Respiratory Infections

Mammari N, Albert Q, Devocelle M, Kenda M, Kočevar Glavač N, Sollner Dolenc M, Mercolini L, Tóth J, Milan N, Czigle S, Varbanov M

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

28-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10220542
doi:	10.3390/ph16050662
PMID:	37242445

Understanding old herbal secrets: The renaissance of traditional medicinal plants beyond the twenty classic species?

Scherrer MM, Zerbe S, Petelka J, Säumel I

Front Pharmacol

24-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10079881
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2023.1141044
PMID:	37033626

Leucosceptosides A and B: Two Phenyl-Ethanoid Glycosides with Important Occurrence and Biological Activities

Frezza C, De Vita D, Toniolo C, Sciubba F, Tomassini L, Venditti A, Bianco A, Serafini M, Foddai S

Biomolecules

02-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9775335
doi:	10.3390/biom12121807
PMID:	36551235

Initial assemblage characteristics determine the functional dynamics of flower‐strip plant communities

Gardarin A, Valantin‐Morison M

Ecol Evol

18-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9579737
doi:	10.1002/ece3.9435
PMID:	36267684

Operational definition of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine derived from a systematic search

Ng JY, Dhawan T, Dogadova E, Taghi-Zada Z, Vacca A, Wieland LS, Moher D

BMC Complement Med Ther

12-Apr-2022

PMCID:	PMC9006507
doi:	10.1186/s12906-022-03556-7
PMID:	35413882

Vegetation characteristics control local sediment and nutrient retention on but not underneath vegetation in floodplain meadows

Kretz L, Bondar-Kunze E, Hein T, Richter R, Schulz-Zunkel C, Seele-Dilbat C, van der Plas F, Vieweg M, Wirth C

PLoS One

02-Dec-2021

PMCID:	PMC8638890
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0252694
PMID:	34855757

Medical Species Used in Russia for the Management of Diabetes and Related Disorders

Shikov AN, Narkevich IA, Akamova AV, Nemyatykh OD, Flisyuk EV, Luzhanin VG, Povydysh MN, Mikhailova IV, Pozharitskaya ON

Front Pharmacol

20-Jul-2021

PMCID:	PMC8330883
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2021.697411
PMID:	34354589

In Silico Screening of Natural Products Isolated from Mexican Herbal Medicines against COVID-19

Rivero-Segura NA, Gomez-Verjan JC

Biomolecules

04-Feb-2021

PMCID:	PMC7913859
doi:	10.3390/biom11020216
PMID:	33557097

The In Vivo Antinociceptive and Antiinflammatory Effects of Verbascum exuberans Hub.-Mor.

EYİİŞ E, KAYGISIZ B, KILIÇ FS, AYHANCI A

Turk J Pharm Sci

23-Dec-2020

PMCID:	PMC7786066
doi:	10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.77992
PMID:	33389947

Contribution to the Orophilous Cushion-Like Vegetation of Central-Southern and Insular Greece

Musarella CM, Brullo S, del Galdo GG

Plants (Basel)

30-Nov-2020

PMCID:	PMC7760968
doi:	10.3390/plants9121678
PMID:	33266088

Traditional Use of Medicinal Plants in South-Eastern Serbia (Pčinja District): Ethnopharmacological Investigation on the Current Status and Comparison With Half a Century Old Data

Živković J, Ilić M, Šavikin K, Zdunić G, Ilić A, Stojković D

Front Pharmacol

08-Jul-2020

PMCID:	PMC7360817
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2020.01020
PMID:	32733251

The phoma-like dilemma

Hou LW, Groenewald JZ, Pfenning LH, Yarden O, Crous PW, Cai L

Stud Mycol

21-May-2020

PMCID:	PMC7452269
doi:	10.1016/j.simyco.2020.05.001
PMID:	32904212

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes
(10S)-10-[(9R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-10-oxo-9H-anthracen-9-yl]-1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-10H-anthracen-9-one	44567184	Click to see	494.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthracenecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Anthracenecarboxylic acids
4-hydroxy-9,10-dioxo-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(oxalooxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyanthracene-2-carboxylic acid	11972451	Click to see	518.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rhein	10168	Click to see	284.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
rhein 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	5320961	Click to see	446.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sennidin A	92826	Click to see	538.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sennoside A	73111	Click to see C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C4=C(C2C5C6=C(C(=CC=C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C8=C5C=C(C=C8O)C(=O)O)C=C(C=C4O)C(=O)O	862.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sennoside C	46173829	Click to see C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C4=C(C2C5C6=C(C(=CC=C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C8=C5C=C(C=C8O)C(=O)O)C=C(C=C4O)CO	848.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones
8-((6-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methylanthraquinone	5320543	Click to see	608.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Aloe emodin	10207	Click to see	270.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Aloe-emodin-glucoside	147295	Click to see	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Chrysophanein	6324923	Click to see	416.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Chrysophanol	10208	Click to see	254.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Physcion	10639	Click to see	284.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pulmatin	442731	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	416.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rheochrysin	168938	Click to see	446.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones
Emodin	3220	Click to see	270.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Emodin 1-O-beta-D-glucoside	5319333	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C4=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C4O)O	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Emodin-8-glucoside	99649	Click to see	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid	370	Click to see	170.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Galloyl esters
[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	51543740	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC(CO)O	244.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
6-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose	5317463	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)O)O)O)O	332.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl Gallate	7428	Click to see	184.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides
7-Methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,5,6,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4a,5,7-triol	4678529	Click to see	364.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9420-0
Harpagide	93045	Click to see	364.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9420-0
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17S,18R)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	10441198	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2(C)CO)CCC4(C3C=CC56C4(CCC7(C5CC(CC7)(C)C)CO6)C)C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	1089.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.2029
2-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-[[2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	74152951	Click to see	1105.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.2029
2-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-[[2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	76153036	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3C(C(OC(C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC5CCC6(C(C5(C)CO)CCC7(C6C=CC89C7(CC(C1(C8CC(CC1)(C)C)CO9)O)C)C)C)C)O)CO)O)O)O	1089.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.2029
2-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-[[9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	85144331	Click to see	1089.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.2029
2-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-[[9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	73157220	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3C(C(OC(C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC5CCC6(C(C5(C)CO)CCC7(C6C=CC89C7(CCC1(C8CC(CC1)(C)C)CO9)C)C)C)C)O)CO)O)O)O	1073.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.2029
2-[5-Hydroxy-2-[[2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	78178010	Click to see	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.2029
2-[5-Hydroxy-2-[[9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162936539	Click to see	927.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.2029
3-O-((beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3))-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2))-beta-D-fucopyranosyl)-13beta,28-epoxyolea-11-ene-3beta,16beta,23-triol	190817	Click to see	1105.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.2029
Buddlejasaponin I	54582846	Click to see	1089.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.2029
Buddlejasaponin Iv	153940	Click to see	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.2029
Desrhamnosylverbascosaponin	102445401	Click to see	927.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.2029
Songarosaponin D	101917118	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2(C)CO)CCC4(C3C=CC56C4(CC(C7(C5CC(CC7)(C)C)CO6)O)C)C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	1105.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.2029
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids / L-alpha-amino acids
(2S)-5-amino-2-ammonio-5-oxopentanoate	6992086	Click to see	146.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
1-[1-hydroxy-3-methyl-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxynaphthalen-2-yl]ethanone	5319972	Click to see	378.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
1-[1,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxynaphthalen-2-yl]ethanone	100753	Click to see	394.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(7-acetyl-8-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-2-oxoacetic acid	5321979	Click to see CC1=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2C(=C1C(=O)C)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)COC(=O)C(=O)O)O)O)O)OC	480.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-methyl-4-oxo-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromene-5-carboxylic acid	5315687	Click to see	382.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
gallic acid 4-O-beta-D-(6'-O-galloy)glucoside	11972354	Click to see	484.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Raspberryketone glucoside	5320521	Click to see	326.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
Torachrysone 8-O-Glucoside	11972479	Click to see	408.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses
[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoate	11972309	Click to see	310.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Chromones
[(2S)-7-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-5-yl]acetic acid	5319543	Click to see	236.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 5-acetyl-7-hydroxy-2-methyl-	5315891	Click to see	218.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
7-Hydroxy-2-[(2S)-2-hydroxypropyl]-5-methyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	45272307	Click to see	234.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
7-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-5-acetic acid	14429402	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2O1)O)CC(=O)O	234.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
7-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-5-carboxylic acid	5315688	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2O1)O)C(=O)O	220.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cassiachromone	5319500	Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2O1)O)CC(=O)C	232.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acid esters
[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-[[2-(hydroxymethyl)-10-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,4]dec-7-en-5-yl]oxy]-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	74155541	Click to see	668.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9420-0
Verbascoside A	15736674	Click to see	668.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9420-0
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
3,3'-Digalloylprocyanidin B2	124016	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)O)O)O)O)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8)O)O)O	882.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
procyanidin B1 3-O-gallate	12795888	Click to see	730.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins / Catechin gallates
(-)-Epicatechin gallate	107905	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O	442.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
(+)-Catechin-5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	6324898	Click to see	452.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
Rhapontigenin	5320954	Click to see	258.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes / Stilbene glycosides
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[4-[(E)-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	5322088	Click to see	542.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
resveratrol-4'-O-(2''-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside	10325054	Click to see	542.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Resveratroloside	5322089	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	390.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rhaponticin	637213	Click to see	420.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins
1,2,6-Tri-O-Galloyl-Beta-D-Glucose	440308	Click to see	636.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,6-bis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose	440221	Click to see	484.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,6-di-O-galloyl-2-O-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucose	6325082	Click to see	614.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
beta-D-Glucopyranose, 2-((2E)-3-phenyl-2-propenoate) 1-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate)	5315898	Click to see	462.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
beta-Glucogallin	124021	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	332.26	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Verbascum densiflorum

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