Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440566dd9bb2937031589
Scientific name Zygia racemosa
Authority (Ducke) Barneby & J.W.Grimes
First published in Mem. New York Bot. Gard.74(2): 71 (1997)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
Timber for heavy construction, exterior joinery, utility poles, and flooring; specialty lumber for turnery and carving. No non-timber products (e.g., gums, fiber, seed oil) are documented for this taxon.

Industrial and craft applications:
Timber: heavy-duty carpentry and joinery; utility poles; bridge and pier structures; flooring and decking; specialty uses in turnery and carving. The species is classified as suitable for industrial lumber in the standard reference for Amazonian timbers.

Wood and fiber:
Wood density typically 950–1,100 kg/m³ at 12% moisture, with air-dry values frequently ≥1,000 kg/m³. Janka hardness commonly ~11–13 kN and modulus of rupture in the range of 115–150 MPa. The wood is rated durable to very durable by standard resistance tests for decay and termites. Air-drying is slow and shrinkage is moderate; machining and finishing are rated good to very good. These properties collectively support load-bearing applications and precision joinery.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No documented uses.

Properties relevant to use:
High specific gravity and mechanical strength; strong natural resistance to wood-destroying organisms; low moisture movement; good workability and finishing characteristics. These attributes enable structural timber uses and durable exterior applications without chemical treatment.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Timber is harvested from natural forests in Brazil (Amazonas) and adjacent regions. In the standard reference, it is categorized as “very abundant” in Western Amazonia and not considered at risk of imminent overexploitation under present volumes; no quantitative scarcity or sustainability certifications are documented for this species.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Pithecellobium racemosum Ducke Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro3: errata (1922)
Abarema racemosa (Ducke) Kleinhoonte A.A.Pulle, Fl. Suriname2(2): 320 (1940)
Marmaroxylon racemosum (Ducke) Killip Trop. Woods63: 3 (1940)
Pithecellobium racemiflorum Ducke Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: 14 (1915)

Common names Top

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Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil North
      • Brazil Northeast
      • Brazil West-central
    • Northern South America
      • French Guiana
      • Guyana
      • Suriname
      • Venezuela
    • Western South America
      • Colombia

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001250753
Tropicos 50157734
INPN 733913
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:996977-1
The Plant List tro-50157734
Open Tree Of Life 957660
NCBI Taxonomy 597427
IUCN Red List 62028419
IPNI 996977-1
GBIF 5580471
USDA GRIN 436699
CMAUP NPO17104

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Rethinking the nature of intraspecific variability and its consequences on species coexistence Girard‐Tercieux C, Maréchaux I, Clark AT, Clark JS, Courbaud B, Fortunel C, Guillemot J, Künstler G, le Maire G, Pélissier R, Rüger N, Vieilledent G Ecol Evol 07-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC9992775
doi:10.1002/ece3.9860
PMID:36911314
Hybrid capture of 964 nuclear genes resolves evolutionary relationships in the mimosoid legumes and reveals the polytomous origins of a large pantropical radiation Koenen EJ, Kidner C, de Souza ÉR, Simon MF, Iganci JR, Nicholls JA, Brown GK, de Queiroz LP, Luckow M, Lewis GP, Pennington RT, Hughes CE Am J Bot 30-Nov-2020
PMCID:PMC7839790
doi:10.1002/ajb2.1568
PMID:33253423
Palikur traditional roundwood construction in eastern French Guiana: ethnobotanical and cultural perspectives Ogeron C, Odonne G, Cristinoi A, Engel J, Grenand P, Beauchêne J, Clair B, Davy D J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 24-Apr-2018
PMCID:PMC5916587
doi:10.1186/s13002-018-0226-7
PMID:29690891
Large-Scale Wind Disturbances Promote Tree Diversity in a Central Amazon Forest Marra DM, Chambers JQ, Higuchi N, Trumbore SE, Ribeiro GH, dos Santos J, Negrón-Juárez RI, Reu B, Wirth C PLoS One 06-Aug-2014
PMCID:PMC4123898
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103711
PMID:25099118

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 135 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O 138.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillic Acid 8468 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O 168.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters
Methylparaben 7456 Click to see 152.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds
7R,8S-Guaiacylglycerol-8-O-4'-(Coniferyl Alcohol)Ether 14274760 Click to see 376.40 unknown via CMAUP database
erythro-Guaiacylglycerol beta-dihydroconiferyl ether 13893597 Click to see 378.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Eicosanoic Acid 10467 Click to see 312.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Stearic Acid 5281 Click to see 284.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids
Azelaic Acid 2266 Click to see C(CCCC(=O)O)CCCC(=O)O 188.22 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
Tocopherol quinone 2734086 Click to see 446.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Elemane sesquiterpenoids
(1S)-4alpha-Ethenyl-2alpha-hydroxy-3beta-[1-(hydroxymethyl)ethenyl]-6alpha-[[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy 13891365 Click to see CC1(CC(C(C(C1C(=C)CO)O)C(=C)C(=O)OC)OC(=O)C(=C)CO)C=C 380.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones
Hemistepsin 10043230 Click to see 346.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Germacranolides and derivatives
[(3aS,4S,5E,9Z,11aR)-6-formyl-10-methyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,7,8,11,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-4-yl] 2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-2-enoate 53494931 Click to see 346.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Guaianolides and derivatives
(3S,3aR,4S,6aR,8S,9aR,9bR)-4,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-6,9-dimethylidene-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one 12047617 Click to see 264.32 unknown via CMAUP database
[(3S,3aR,4S,6aR,8S,9aR,9bR)-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-6,9-dimethylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-2-enoate 71503391 Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=C)C3CC(C(=C)C3C2OC1=O)O)OC(=O)C(=C)CO 348.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Cynaropicrin 119093 Click to see 346.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Desacylcynaropicrin 13943205 Click to see 262.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Isolipidiol 14589530 Click to see CC1C(CC2C1C3C(C(C(=O)O3)C)C(CC2=C)O)O 266.33 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Beta-Amyrin 73145 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C 426.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Betulonic acid 122844 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C(=O)O 454.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Lupeol 259846 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C 426.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Oleanolic Acid 10494 Click to see 456.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Taraxasterol 115250 Click to see 426.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Taraxasterol Acetate 13889352 Click to see CC1C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1=C)C)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C)C 468.80 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Sitogluside 5742590 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzaldehydes / Hydroxybenzaldehydes
3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde 8768 Click to see 138.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indolecarboxylic acids and derivatives
Indole-3-carboxylic acid 69867 Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)C(=O)O 161.16 unknown via CMAUP database
Methyl indole-3-carboxylate 589098 Click to see 175.18 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
3,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester 92202 Click to see 194.18 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin 5280443 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 270.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Rutin 5280805 Click to see 610.50 unknown via CMAUP database

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