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Geranium robertianum

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64401df08aaff094291697
Scientific name Geranium robertianum
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 681 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Geranium robertianum L., commonly known as herb Robert, has a long record of folk use across Europe. In England, Grieve (1931) recorded that the dried leaves were boiled in water to make a mild tea that was taken to calm diarrhoea and to stimulate urine flow. The French mountain communities of the Alps and Brittany used a decoction of the same leaves as a diuretic and to relieve urinary discomfort (Lieutaghi, 1996). Swiss alpine healers applied fresh, crushed leaves directly to bruises and skin wounds, using the moist poultice to draw out swelling and to promote healing (Bergmann, Schmid & Trachsel, 2005). All of these practices centre on the aerial parts, especially the leaves, and involve infusion, decoction or topical application rather than ingestion of raw plant material.

One of the simplest preparations is a mild leaf tea for diuretic support. Measure 2 g of air‑dried leaves (about 1 tsp) and pour 250 mL of just‑boiled water over them. Cover and let the infusion steep for 10–15 minutes, then strain. The tea can be taken warm, up to two cups per day, preferably between meals. Do not exceed this dose, and avoid the remedy if you are pregnant, have a known kidney disorder, or are taking diuretic medication unless advised by a health professional.

The therapeutic actions of herb Robert are supported by a well‑characterised phytochemical profile. The leaves contain high levels of hydrolyzable tannins (10–12 % dry weight) that impart astringent and anti‑inflammatory properties (Wichtl & Bisset, 1994). Flavonoids such as quercetin‑3‑O‑glucoside and kaempferol‑3‑O‑glucoside have been identified, contributing antioxidant activity (Kessler, Wagner & Keller, 2004). The herb also yields a modest essential‑oil fraction rich in citronellol, geraniol and linalool, which may contribute antimicrobial effects (Skirgaila & van der Have, 2009).

Recent pharmacological studies have confirmed moderate diuretic and anti‑oxidant activity of Geranium robertianum extracts (EMA, 2008), and commercial tinctures at a 1 : 5 (w/v) ethanol ratio are now available in several European herbal pharmacies. Despite modern alternatives, the plant remains a staple in regional herbalist circles, where the simple leaf tea and fresh‑leaf poultice continue to be prepared for mild urinary and topical complaints. In addition, small‑scale growers often sell fresh leaves for home poultices, keeping the traditional practice alive.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Young leaves recorded as a potherb and occasional salad herb; also cited as a pot-herb in multiple European floras and local floras (edible raw in small quantities or cooked). Flavor described as strong and somewhat astringent.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
- Culinary references list the plant as a salad herb and pot-herb; typically used in leafy greens mixes or soups. No food processing, safety, or dosage statements are provided here.

Colorants and tanning:
- Reported in ethnobotanical compendia as a source of brown natural dyes for wool and protein fibers, though dye chemistry is not specified and quantitative data are limited; occasionally mentioned as a tanning material historically. These records indicate the whole herb or aerial parts yield brown to green-brown hues.

Properties relevant to use:
- Tannins present (as in many Geranium species) support dyeing and tanning, though detailed composition and colorfastness are not specified for Geranium robertianum.

Standards and regulation:
- No established food-colorant or dye standards specific to this species were identified in the reviewed sources; references to general EU novel-food or cosmetic cosmetic-safety regulations are outside the scope of reported uses for this taxon.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- No conservation or sustainability frameworks specific to Geranium robertianum were located; harvest is generally from wild plants in its Eurasian–North American native range.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Robertium modestum Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon , n.s., 16: 134 (1868)
Robertium vulgare Picard Mém. Soc. Agric. Boulogne-Sur-Mer , sér. 2, 1: 134 (1837)
Geranium eriophorum H.Lév. Bull. Soc. Agric. Sarthe , reimpr. 39: 4 (1904)
Geranium foetidum Gilib. Fl. Lit. Inch. ii. 178. 1782
Geranium graveolens Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. ii. 495. 1812
Geranium inodorum G.Don Gen. Hist. 1: 721. 1831 [early Aug 1831]
Geranium lebelii Boreau Fl. Centre France 1: 324 (1840)
Geranium lindleyanum Royle Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. : 150 (1835)
Geranium mosquense Gold. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 133 (1817)
Geranium neapolitanum A.Terracc. Prodr. Fl. Lucan. 1: 96 1891
Geranium palmatisectum Dulac Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées : 240 (1867)
Geranium pedunculatum Royle Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 150, nomen. 1835 [Jan 1835]
Geranium purpureum var. littorale Rouy Fl. France 4: 98 1897
Geranium robertianum f. albiflorum House Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244: 54 (1923)
Geranium robertianum var. glabrinux Petrova & Kožuharov Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 7: 492. 1979
Geranium rubellum Moench Suppl. Meth. : 95 (1802)
Geranium scopulicolum Jord. ex Nyman Consp. Fl. Eur. : 138 (1878)
Geranium robertianum var. eriophorum (H.Lév.) H.Lév. Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 175 1914
Geranium robertianum var. albiflorum G.Don Gen. Hist. 1: 721 1834
Robertiella robertianum (L.) Hanks N. Amer. Fl. 25: 3 (1907)
Geranium robertianum var. genuinum Gren. & Godr.
Geranium robertianum subsp. celticum Ostenf. Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles 5: 551 (1920)
Geranium robertianum subsp. eurobertianum Briq. ex R.Knuth
Geranium robertianum var. inodorum DC.
Geranium robertianum subsp. maritimum (Bab.) H.G.Baker
Geranium robertianum var. littorale Rouy
Geranium robertianum var. lucidum Gray
Geranium robertianum var. rubrum Lej.
Geranium robertianum var. macropetalum Briq.
Geranium robertianum var. album St.-Lag.
Geranium robertianum var. villosolum Pau
Geranium robertianum f. umbraticum C.G.Westerl.
Geranium robertianum var. maritimum Bab.
Geranium robertianum f. littorale (Rouy) Merino

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English herb-robert
English bloodwort
English felonwort
English fox geranium
English red robin
English cranesbill
Spanish hierba de la golondrina
Spanish aguja de pastor
Spanish agujas de pastor
Spanish geranio silvestre
Spanish abujones
Spanish geranio de hoja redonda
Spanish geranio de monte
Spanish geranio de san roberto
Spanish geranio robertiano
Spanish geranio tercero
Spanish hierba de la esquinacia
Spanish hierba de la esquinancia
Spanish hierba de roberto
Spanish hierba de san roberto
Spanish hierba de san ruperto
Spanish lentina
Spanish pico de cigüeña
Spanish pico de cigüeña tercero
Spanish yerba de la esquinancia
Spanish yerba de san roberto
Spanish yerba de san ruperto
Arabic إبرة الراعي
Arabic عطر
Arabic خبيزة
Arabic غرنوق
Arabic إبرة الراهب
Arabic جاروينا
Arabic جيرانيوم
Arabic غرلوق عطر
Arabic جارونية
Azerbaijani robert ətirşahı
Belarusian Герань Робертава
Bulgarian зловонен здравец
Catalan herba de sant robert
Catalan herbe à robert
Czech kakost smrdutý
Welsh y goesgoch
Welsh dail robin
Welsh llysiau'r llwynog
Danish stinkende storkenæb
German gewöhnlicher stink-storchschnabel
German ruprechts-storchschnabel
German ruprechtskraut
German stinkender storchschnabel
German herbe à robert
German stinkstorchschnabel
Esperanto robert-geranio
Estonian haisev kurereha
Basque san robertoren zaingorri
Persian سوزن چوپان قرمز
Finnish haisukurjenpolvi
French géranium herbe à robert
French herbe à robert
French géranium herbe a robert
French géranium robert
Irish ruithéal rí
Irish ruithéal
gd lus-an-eallain
Upper Sorbian smjerdźaca pyskawa
Hungarian nehézszagú gólyaorr
Icelandic rauðgresi
Italian erba roberta
Japanese ヒメフウロ
Japanese ヒメフウロ、姫風露
Georgian უჟმურა
Kabyle Ṣibu
Cornish les robin
li robertskroed
Lithuanian raudonstiebis snaputis
Lithuanian herbe à robert
Latvian roberta gandrene
mwl yerba de san reberto
Norwegian Bokmål stankstorkenebb
Norwegian Bokmål stankstorknebb
Norwegian Bokmål urakatt
Dutch robertskruid
Dutch groot robertskruid
Norwegian Nynorsk stankstorkenebb
Norwegian Nynorsk urakatt
Polish bodziszek cuchnący
Portuguese erva de são roberto
Russian Герань Роберта
Samogitian rauduonstėibis snapotis
Slovak pakost smradľavý
Slovenian smrdljička
Serbian Чешуља
Swedish stinknäva
Swedish herbe à robert
Swedish vägglusgräs
Ukrainian Герань робертова
Chinese 猫脚印
Chinese 汉荭鱼腥草
Chinese 漢紅魚腥草
Chinese 纤细老鹳草
Chinese 漢葒魚腥草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • Macaronesia
      • Azores
      • Canary Islands
      • Madeira
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Ethiopia
    • Northern Africa
      • Algeria
      • Libya
      • Morocco
      • Tunisia
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Madagascar
      • Réunion
  • Asia-temperate
    • Arabian Peninsula
      • Saudi Arabia
      • Yemen
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • China
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
      • Tibet
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Taiwan
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
      • Kirgizstan
      • Tadzhikistan
      • Turkmenistan
      • Uzbekistan
    • Siberia
      • Altay
      • West Siberia
    • Western Asia
      • Cyprus
      • Iran
      • Lebanon-Syria
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • East Himalaya
      • Nepal
      • Pakistan
      • West Himalaya
    • Malesia
      • Malaya
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States
      • Belarus
      • Central European Russia
      • East European Russia
      • Krym
      • North European Russia
      • Northwest European Russia
      • South European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Finland
      • Great Britain
      • Ireland
      • Norway
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Kriti
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Corse
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick
      • Newfoundland
      • Nova Scotia
      • Ontario
      • Prince Edward Island
      • Québec
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Minnesota
      • Missouri
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Indiana
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Hampshire
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Rhode Island
      • Vermont
      • West Virginia
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Montana
      • Oregon
      • Washington
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Arkansas
      • Delaware
      • Kentucky
      • Maryland
      • Tennessee
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • California
    • Subarctic America
      • Alaska
    • Western Canada
      • British Columbia
      • Manitoba
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil South
      • Brazil Southeast
    • Caribbean
      • Bermuda
      • Dominican Republic
      • Haiti
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
      • Argentina Northwest
      • Chile Central
      • Chile South
      • Juan Fernández Islands
      • Uruguay
    • Western South America
      • Bolivia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000701246
UNII R5I1HK0UBL
Canadensys 6050
USDA Plants GERO
Tropicos 13900019
INPN 100142
Flora of Italy 2831
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:109269-2
The Plant List kew-2823970
PFAF Geranium robertianum
Open Tree Of Life 435815
NCBI Taxonomy 122183
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000003162
Nature Serve 2.155010
IPNI 109269-2
iNaturalist 55925
GBIF 2890668
Freebase /m/02xwyp
WisFlora 3700
EPPO GERRO
EOL 346311
Elurikkus 4895
Calflora (Californian flora) 3806
USDA GRIN 444
Wikipedia Geranium_robertianum

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
What are the drivers of female success in food‐deceptive orchids? Wróblewska A, Ostrowiecka B, Kotowicz J, Jermakowicz E, Tałałaj I, Szefer P Ecol Evol 18-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11026981
doi:10.1002/ece3.11233
PMID:38646005
Genome size data for eight endemic plant species from the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (Western Himalaya) Arora J, Lakhanpaul S, Manish K, Pandit MK Data Brief 18-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11068558
doi:10.1016/j.dib.2024.110450
PMID:38708313
Molecular and cytogenetic analyses in Geranium macrorrhizum L. wild Italian plants Cardinali I, Ceccarelli M R Soc Open Sci 10-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11004676
doi:10.1098/rsos.240035
PMID:38601032
Overview of Ethnobotanical–Pharmacological Studies Carried Out on Medicinal Plants from the Serra da Estrela Natural Park: Focus on Their Antidiabetic Potential Lahlou RA, Carvalho F, Pereira MJ, Lopes J, Silva LR Pharmaceutics 25-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11054966
doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics16040454
PMID:38675115
Saving the local tradition: ethnobotanical survey on the use of plants in Bologna district (Italy) Chiocchio I, Marincich L, Mandrone M, Trincia S, Tarozzi C, Poli F J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 12-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10936038
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00664-1
PMID:38475780
Epigenetic weapons of plants against fungal pathogens Mierziak J, Wojtasik W BMC Plant Biol 06-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10916060
doi:10.1186/s12870-024-04829-8
PMID:38443788
Exploring Cereal Metagenomics: Unravelling Microbial Communities for Improved Food Security Masenya K, Manganyi MC, Dikobe TB Microorganisms 02-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10974370
doi:10.3390/microorganisms12030510
PMID:38543562
Use of Essential Oils to Counteract the Phenomena of Antimicrobial Resistance in Livestock Species Lupia C, Castagna F, Bava R, Naturale MD, Zicarelli L, Marrelli M, Statti G, Tilocca B, Roncada P, Britti D, Palma E Antibiotics (Basel) 07-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10885947
doi:10.3390/antibiotics13020163
PMID:38391549
The geranium genus: A comprehensive study on ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical compounds, and pharmacological importance Alshehri B Saudi J Biol Sci 28-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10873751
doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103940
PMID:38371877
Ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal research into medicinal plants in the Mt Stara Planina region (south-eastern Serbia, Western Balkans) Jarić S, Kostić O, Miletić Z, Marković M, Sekulić D, Mitrović M, Pavlović P J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 10-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10782642
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00647-2
PMID:38200599
Plant traits associated with seed dispersal by ducks and geese in urban and natural habitats Tóth P, Green AJ, Wilkinson DM, Brides K, Lovas‐Kiss Á Ecol Evol 22-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10663722
doi:10.1002/ece3.10677
PMID:38020707
Bioactive ZnO Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis, Characterization and Potential Antimicrobial Applications Huq MA, Apu MA, Ashrafudoulla M, Rahman MM, Parvez MA, Balusamy SR, Akter S, Rahman MS Pharmaceutics 16-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10675506
doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15112634
PMID:38004613
Emerging Role of Plant-Based Bioactive Compounds as Therapeutics in Parkinson’s Disease Kumari N, Anand S, Shah K, Chauhan NS, Sethiya NK, Singhal M Molecules 14-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10673433
doi:10.3390/molecules28227588
PMID:38005310
Commodity risk assessment of Quercus petraea plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 30-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10613939
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8313
PMID:37908445
Commodity risk assessment of Quercus robur plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 30-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10613938
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8314
PMID:37908449

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid 370 Click to see 170.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000025477.18086.8B
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)Prop-2-Enoic Acid 2518 Click to see 180.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000025477.18086.8B
Caffeic Acid 689043 Click to see 180.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000025477.18086.8B
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol 5280863 Click to see 286.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000025477.18086.8B
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see 302.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000025477.18086.8B
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
Spiraeoside 5320844 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0032-1321052
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one 51402807 Click to see 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0032-1321052
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-4-One 5378597 Click to see 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000025477.18086.8B
Astragalin 5282102 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0032-1321052
Hyperoside 5281643 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0032-1321052
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000025477.18086.8B
Quercitrin 5280459 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0032-1321052
Rutin 5280805 Click to see 610.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0032-1321052
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-[(2S,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 44259225 Click to see 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0032-1321052
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
Ellagic Acid 5281855 Click to see 302.19 unknown https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000025477.18086.8B

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