Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri, (L.) Pennell) is central to classical Ayurveda and the siddha pharmacopeia of southern India, where it is employed as a nervine, brain tonic, and memory enhancer. Practitioners traditionally use the fresh or dry aerial parts—leaves and young shoots—most often as medicated ghee (Brahmighrita), a coarse powder (Brahmichurna), or a decoction (Brahmiswaras). These preparations appear in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and are widely discussed in modern surveys of Ayurvedic formulations (e.g., Patwardhan, 2005). The siddha literature also lists Brahmi as “Vallarai” for cognitive and calming purposes, and in Nepal, ethnobotanical surveys document the same aerial parts for making teas, tonics, and pastes within Himalayan folk practice (Ghimire et al., 2008). Across these cultures, the emphasis lies in infusions, decoctions, or infused oils and butters, with the plant’s slightly mucilaginous leaves believed to soothe and stabilize.

A practical, time‑honored preparation of Brahmi ghrita can be made by slowly infusing coarsely powdered Brahmi (about 30 g of the aerial parts) into 500 mL of melted ghee over gentle heat until the water is driven off and the aroma becomes nutty; strain and bottle. The pharmacopeia describes Brahmighrita as a medicated ghee with equal parts Brahmi powder and ghee, allowing for personal adjustment of dose based on practitioner advice. A single serving typically provides a spoonful to a few teaspoons, and a mild decoction can be taken by simmering the same powder in water until reduced by half and drinking a small cup as needed. In any form, avoid exceeding traditional dosing ranges (several grams of powder per day) and remember that Bacopa may cause nausea or loose stools at high amounts, can be mildly sedating, and is best avoided during pregnancy and lactation.

Chemically, the activity is strongly linked to bacosides—saponin triterpenoids such as bacopaside I, bacopaside II, and bacoside A (Bacoside A)—which are well documented for Bacopa monnieri. These bacosides, together with bacopasides and bacopagenins, plausibly underlie the plant’s reported cognitive and anxiolytic effects in traditional use.

Modern relevance is evident in contemporary clinical trials exploring cognition, ongoing commercial availability of standardized Brahmi extracts, and continued use of brahmighrita and brahmichurna in traditional practice, providing a living bridge between ancient preparation methods and current scientific interest.

General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Kochia muricata	(L.) Schrad.	Neues J. Bot. 3(3-4): 86 (1809)
Willemetia muricata	(L.) Moq.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 2, 1: 208. 1834
Salsola muricata	L.	Mant. Pl. : 54 (1767)
Chenolea muricata	(L.) Hutch. & Dalziel	Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 122 (1927)
Echinopsilon muricatus	(L.) Moq.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 2, 2: 127 (1834)

Common names Top

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Language	Common/alternative name
German	cornulaca muricata

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Ethiopia
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Egypt
  - Libya
  - Morocco
  - Tunisia
  - Western Sahara
- West Tropical Africa
  - Mali
  - Mauritania

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Gulf States
  - Kuwait
  - Oman
  - Saudi Arabia
  - Yemen
- Western Asia
  - Cyprus
  - Iran
  - Iraq
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Sinai

Links to other databases Top

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Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000561178
Tropicos	100297077
INPN	1017975
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:164401-1
The Plant List	kew-2670831
Open Tree Of Life	962082
NCBI Taxonomy	267505
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0200001894
IPNI	164401-1
iNaturalist	581017
GBIF	5568143
EPPO	BAFMU
CMAUP	NPO14520

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Optimization of solvent and extraction time on secondary metabolite content of mangosteen leaf (Garcinia mangostana L.) as a feed additive candidate on poultry

Rusli RK, Mahata ME, Yuniza A, Zurmiati Z, Reski S, Hidayat C, Hilmi M, Mutia R

J Adv Vet Anim Res

31-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11055582
doi:	10.5455/javar.2024.k758
PMID:	38680800

Naturalization and invasion potential of Sesuvium portulacastrum L. recorded as alien species in Egypt

Heneidy SZ, Bidak LM, Halmy MW, Fakhry AM, Toto SM, El Kenany ET

Sci Rep

07-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10850471
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-53627-7
PMID:	38326540

Phenolics from Nigella sativa L. straw: Characterization and insecticidal activity against Agrotis ipsilon (Hüfnagel)

Farouk A, Elbehery H, Embaby H, Abdel-aziz NF, Abd El-wahab T, Abouamer W, Hussein H

Heliyon

28-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10703701
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22995
PMID:	38076155

Biochemical Profile and In Vitro Therapeutic Properties of Two Euhalophytes, Halocnemum strobilaceum Pall. and Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forske., Grown in the Sabkha Ecosystem in the Algerian Sahara

Gheraissa N, Chemsa AE, Cherrada N, Erol E, Elsharkawy ER, Ghemam-Amara D, Zeghoud S, Rebiai A, Messaoudi M, Sawicka B, Atanassova M, Abdel-Kader MS

Molecules

19-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10141351
doi:	10.3390/molecules28083580
PMID:	37110814

Facilitation by Haloxylon persicum Shrubs Enhances Density and Richness of Soil Seed Bank of Annual Plants in a Hyper-Arid Ecosystem

Gomaa NH, Hegazy AK, Alhaithloul HA

Plants (Basel)

10-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10056119
doi:	10.3390/plants12061276
PMID:	36986963

Desert Endemic Plants in Algeria: A Review on Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Polyphenolic Compounds and Pharmacological Activities

Hemmami H, Seghir BB, Zeghoud S, Ben Amor I, Kouadri I, Rebiai A, Zaater A, Messaoudi M, Benchikha N, Sawicka B, Atanassova M

Molecules

15-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9959599
doi:	10.3390/molecules28041834
PMID:	36838819

Chemical Composition of Kickxia aegyptiaca Essential Oil and Its Potential Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities

Abd-ElGawad AM, El-Amier YA, Bonanomi G, Gendy AE, Elgorban AM, Alamery SF, Elshamy AI

Plants (Basel)

23-Feb-2022

PMCID:	PMC8912309
doi:	10.3390/plants11050594
PMID:	35270064

Climate change and hydrological regime in arid lands: Impacts of dams on the plant diversity, vegetation structure and soil in Saudi Arabia

Al-Munqedhi BM, El-Sheikh MA, Alfarhan AH, Alkahtani AM, Arif IA, Rajagopal R, Alharthi ST

Saudi J Biol Sci

25-Jan-2022

PMCID:	PMC9280318
doi:	10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.043
PMID:	35844430

Comparative Chemical Profiles and Phytotoxic Activity of Essential Oils of Two Ecospecies of Pulicaria undulata (L.) C.A.Mey

Abd-ELGawad AM, Al-Rowaily SL, Assaeed AM, EI-Amier YA, El Gendy AE, Omer E, Al-Dosari DH, Bonanomi G, Kassem HS, Elshamy AI

Plants (Basel)

03-Nov-2021

PMCID:	PMC8624369
doi:	10.3390/plants10112366
PMID:	34834729

Impacts of Anthropogenic Disturbance on Vegetation Dynamics: A Case Study of Wadi Hagul, Eastern Desert, Egypt

Bedair R, Ibrahim AA, Alyamani AA, Aloufi S, Ramadan S

Plants (Basel)

14-Sep-2021

PMCID:	PMC8466335
doi:	10.3390/plants10091906
PMID:	34579436

Chemical Composition, Allelopathic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Sesquiterpenes Rich Essential Oil of Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb.

Abd-ElGawad AM, Elgamal AM, EI-Amier YA, Mohamed TA, El Gendy AE, I. Elshamy A

Plants (Basel)

25-Jun-2021

PMCID:	PMC8308966
doi:	10.3390/plants10071294
PMID:	34202270

Phytotoxic Effects of Plant Essential Oils: A Systematic Review and Structure-Activity Relationship Based on Chemometric Analyses

Abd-ElGawad AM, El Gendy AE, Assaeed AM, Al-Rowaily SL, Alharthi AS, Mohamed TA, Nassar MI, Dewir YH, Elshamy AI

Plants (Basel)

25-Dec-2020

PMCID:	PMC7823517
doi:	10.3390/plants10010036
PMID:	33375618

Ecology of inland sand dunes “nafuds” as a hyper-arid habitat, Saudi Arabia: Floristic and plant associations diversity

El-Sheikh MA, Thomas J, Arif IA, El-Sheikh HM

Saudi J Biol Sci

08-Dec-2020

PMCID:	PMC7938194
doi:	10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.002
PMID:	33732034

Facilitation Effects of Haloxylon salicornicum Shrubs on Associated Understory Annuals, and a Modified “Stress-Gradient” Hypothesis for Droughty Times

Gomaa NH, Hegazy AK, Latef AA

Plants (Basel)

07-Dec-2020

PMCID:	PMC7762360
doi:	10.3390/plants9121726
PMID:	33297465

Influence of Maternal Habitat on Salinity Tolerance of Zygophyllum coccineum with Regard to Seed Germination and Growth Parameters

Mohamed E, Kasem AM, Gobouri AA, Elkelish A, Azab E

Plants (Basel)

06-Nov-2020

PMCID:	PMC7694771
doi:	10.3390/plants9111504
PMID:	33172127

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthracenecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Anthracenecarboxylic acids
Rhein	10168	Click to see	284.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones
Anthraquinone	6780	Click to see	208.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
Chrysophanol	10208	Click to see	254.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Fallacinol	3083633	Click to see	300.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Physcion	10639	Click to see	284.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Physcion 1-O-beta-D-glucoside	5319323	Click to see	446.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rheochrysin	168938	Click to see	446.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones
Citreorosein	361512	Click to see	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Emodin	3220	Click to see	270.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Emodin 1-O-beta-D-glucoside	5319333	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C4=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C4O)O	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Emodin-8-glucoside	99649	Click to see	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Questin	160717	Click to see	284.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Questinol	147621	Click to see	300.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
Protocatechuic Acid	72	Click to see	154.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid	370	Click to see	170.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Salicylic acid and derivatives / Salicylic acids
2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid	9338	Click to see	154.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthoquinones
2-Methoxystypandrone	158739	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=O)C=C(C2=O)OC)C(=C1C(=O)C)O	260.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Diterpene glycosides
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aR,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6b,9,9,12a-hexamethyl-11-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5,6,6a,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate	162920359	Click to see	783.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3R,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	11968349	Click to see	795.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	13518132	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C	781.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	434119	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C	781.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-Heptamethyl-10-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	3424446	Click to see	618.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
6-[[4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-Heptamethyl-8a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	13909679	Click to see	795.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
chikusetsusaponin IV	10079497	Click to see	927.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
Chikusetsusaponin Iva	13909684	Click to see	795.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
Chikusetsusaponin-IVa methyl ester	637855	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)OC)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C	809.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
methyl (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate	162995464	Click to see	809.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
Methyl 6-[[4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate	14138182	Click to see	809.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
Vitalboside A	9986341	Click to see	618.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
2-(Carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxybutanedioate;hydron	88113319	Click to see [H+].[H+].C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O	192.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives
L-Malic Acid	222656	Click to see	134.09	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-phenyl]ethanone	71593490	Click to see CC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O	330.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Tachioside	11962143	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O	302.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
Torachrysone 8-O-Glucoside	11972479	Click to see	408.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar acids and derivatives
L-Tartaric acid	444305	Click to see	150.09	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Chromones
2,5-Dimethyl-7-Hydroxychromone	5316891	Click to see	190.19	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives
(2S)-2-ammonio-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate	6923516	Click to see	204.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
7-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylchromen-2-one	5318268	Click to see	206.19	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Diarylheptanoids / Linear diarylheptanoids
[(1S,8S,9R,11S,17R,18R,19S)-17-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,11-dihydroxy-9-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-13-oxo-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-10,16-dioxapentacyclo[9.7.1.02,7.08,19.015,19]nonadeca-2(7),3,5,14-tetraen-18-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	72195698	Click to see C1C(=O)C=C2C34C1(OC(C3C5=C(C4C(C(O2)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)OC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7)O)O)O)C(=CC(=C5)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)C9=CC=C(C=C9)O)O	846.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Catechin	9064	Click to see	290.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin	5280443	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	270.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid 3-O-p-coumaroyl glycosides
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	102019475	Click to see	788.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	102019476	Click to see	802.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	162958842	Click to see	788.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	162958841	Click to see	788.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	162935590	Click to see	802.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
[6-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	74977612	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	788.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
[6-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	162935589	Click to see	802.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
(+)-Catechin-5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	6324898	Click to see	452.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one	160597176	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O	626.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one	14185727	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O	626.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
Guaijaverin	5481224	Click to see	434.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isoquercetin	5280804	Click to see	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside	5320861	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O	434.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
quercetin 3-O-sophoroside	5282166	Click to see	626.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
Quercetin-3-o-rutinose	46936193	Click to see	610.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercitrin	5280459	Click to see	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	139031074	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O	626.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
acs.jmedchem.1c00409_ST.719	13345442	Click to see	626.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
Luteolin 7-O-glucoside	5280637	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin 3,7-diglucoside	10121947	Click to see	626.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00240-0
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
Cis-Resveratrol	1548910	Click to see	228.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Resveratrol	445154	Click to see	228.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes / Stilbene glycosides
(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-[4-[(E)-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	71528811	Click to see	390.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[3-[(1S,2S,3S,4S)-2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-[3-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]cyclobutyl]-5-hydroxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	10327899	Click to see	780.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[3-hydroxy-5-[(1R,2S)-1-hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-2-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	21586804	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC2=C(C(=CC(=C2)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C(C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C(C5=CC(=CC(=C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	796.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
(E)-Resveratrol 3-(6''-Galloyl)-O-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside	11330189	Click to see	542.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
2,3,5,4''-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside	5321884	Click to see	406.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-Hydroxy-5-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl)phenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside	73642	Click to see	390.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
cis-Piceid	10178463	Click to see	390.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piceatannol 3'-O-glucoside	11968990	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O	406.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Polydatin	5281718	Click to see	390.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Resveratroloside	5322089	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	390.40	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Bassia muricata

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