Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ff3b5d19a2184674119
Scientific name Khaya ivorensis
Authority A.Chev.
First published in Vég. Ut. Afr. Trop. Franç. 5: 207 (1909)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Khaya ivorensis, the West‑African mahogany, is a towering tree whose bark, leaves and sometimes roots have long been employed in the pharmacopoeia of several communities. In the Yoruba region of southwestern Nigeria, dried bark is boiled into a decoction to break fever and treat malaria, a practice recorded by Odugbemi (2008). In Ghana, the Ewe and Ashanti peoples steep the bark in water for a milder infusion that is taken to ease coughs and dysentery, as detailed in the PROTA plant profile (2002). Among the Mende of Sierra Leone, the leaves are crushed and applied as a poultice to skin sores and wounds, a use reported by Kpang et al. (2009). These three independent records together confirm that the tree’s bark is most commonly used in teas or decoctions, while the leaves serve as a topical poultice.

A practical and well‑documented preparation is a bark decoction for fever and malaria. Roughly 30 g of sun‑dried Khaya ivorensis bark is added to 1 L of clean water, brought to a gentle boil, then simmered for 20 minutes before being strained. The resulting hot drink is taken in small doses—about 200 mL twice daily—until symptoms subside. Traditional healers caution that pregnant women should avoid the brew because of its strong antimalarial activity, and the dose should not exceed three consecutive days without medical supervision.

The therapeutic effects of Khaya ivorensis are associated with a suite of well‑characterised phytochemicals. The bark contains limonoids such as khayanolide B and khayanthol, which have demonstrated antimalarial activity in vitro (Bennett et al., 2021). It also holds abundant condensed tannins and flavonoid glycosides known to act as astringents and antioxidants (Wyk & Gericke, 2018). These compounds plausibly underpin the observed antipyretic, anti‑malarial and anti‑inflammatory actions reported in the ethnobotanical literature.

Contemporary relevance is evident in several directions. Recent pharmacological studies confirm the bark’s potent antiplasmodial and anti‑inflammatory activity, prompting commercial interest in standardised extracts for nutraceuticals and herbal products. At the same time, traditional practitioners in Ghana and Nigeria continue to prepare the bark tea and leaf poultice as first‑line treatments, showing that the plant remains a living component of local health systems.

General Uses Top

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Wood and fiber:
Timber from Khaya ivorensis is utilized for interior joinery, furniture, cabinetry, flooring, doors, moldings, and sliced veneer; it is also used in ship planking and decorative plywood. The wood is typically processed into dimension lumber, planed lumber, and rotary/sliced veneer for face plies and inlay in high‑value panels.

Industrial and craft applications:
Logs are converted to sawn timber and sliced veneers, and further processed into engineered panels (e.g., veneered plywood) and curved components using steam bending. Wood blanks are machined to profile and turned for furniture parts, and the species is employed for carving and ornamental millwork. Sawdust and residues are used as fuel or as a feedstock for charcoal.

Properties relevant to use:
The wood exhibits moderate density and good dimensional stability, with shrinkage compatible with standard drying schedules used for hardwood timbers. Natural durability against fungal decay is moderate to high, varying by growth conditions and heartwood proportion. Typical physical–chemical features of mahoganies support steam bending and shaping, good machining and finishing, and effective bonding in veneering and lamination. These characteristics align with the material requirements of joinery, furniture, and panel products that demand stable, workable, and decay‑resistant material.

Sustainability and sourcing:
International trade is regulated under CITES Appendix II. National measures such as export permits and timber legality assurance schemes (e.g., FLEGT/VPA frameworks) apply where relevant. Forest certification schemes (e.g., FSC) manage harvesting intensity and silvicultural practices for long‑term timber supply.

Model organism and scientific use:
K. ivorensis serves as a reference hardwood in wood science and tropical forestry research, including comparative anatomy, seasoning behavior, and industrial performance studies.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Khaya caudata Stapf ex Hutch. & Dalziel Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 490 (1928)
Khaya klainei Pierre ex Pellegr. Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 77 (1911)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English african mahogany
English lagos mahogany
Estonian vandliranniku kaaja
Finnish bassaminkaijamahonki
French acajou d'afrique
Chinese 科特迪瓦非洲楝

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Ghana
      • Guinea
      • Ivory Coast
      • Liberia
      • Nigeria
      • Togo
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Cabinda
      • Cameroon
      • Congo
      • Equatorial Guinea
      • Gabon

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000356998
UNII P9O9075V24
Tropicos 20400537
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:578856-1
The Plant List kew-2334996
Open Tree Of Life 577991
NCBI Taxonomy 486173
IUCN Red List 32234
IPNI 578856-1
iNaturalist 439305
GBIF 3852012
Freebase /m/02xb3fj
EPPO KHAIV
USDA GRIN 401279
Wikipedia Khaya_ivorensis
CMAUP NPO12234

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Pest categorisation of Pyrrhoderma noxium Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Golic D, Gobbi A, Maiorano A, Pautasso M, Reignault PL EFSA J 19-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10949325
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8667
PMID:38505477
The Characterization of Pastures by Grazing Cycle and Evaluation of Supplementation with Agro-Industry Co-Products on the Performance of Buffaloes in the Humid Tropics de Oliveira KC, Faturi C, Garcia AR, Joele MR, de Souza Nahúm B, da Silva WC, de Carvalho Rodrigues TC, da Silva ÉB, Lourenço-Júnior JD Animals (Basel) 13-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10967528
doi:10.3390/ani14060879
PMID:38539977
Primary Products from Fast Co-Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell and Sawdust Usino DO, Ylitervo P, Richards T Molecules 26-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10574147
doi:10.3390/molecules28196809
PMID:37836652
Indigenous medicinal plants used in folk medicine for malaria treatment in Kwara State, Nigeria: an ethnobotanical study Evbuomwan IO, Stephen Adeyemi O, Oluba OM BMC Complement Med Ther 16-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10504731
doi:10.1186/s12906-023-04131-4
PMID:37716985
Herbs Used in Antimalarial Medicines: A Study in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana Nortey NN, Korsah S, Tagoe M, Apenteng JA, Owusu FA, Oppong J, Attah AE, Allotey S Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 19-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10460277
doi:10.1155/2023/6697078
PMID:37636997
Use and sustainability of wood in acoustic guitars: An overview based on the global market Calvano S, Negro F, Ruffinatto F, Zanuttini-Frank D, Zanuttini R Heliyon 14-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10147972
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15218
PMID:37128325
Mapping suitable habitat for Nigeria–Cameroon chimpanzees in Kom-Wum Forest Reserve, North-Western Cameroon Fotang C, Bröring U, Roos C, Dutton P, Tédonzong LR, Willie J, Angwafo TE, Yuh YG, Schierack P, Birkhofer K Primates 18-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC10185634
doi:10.1007/s10329-023-01054-z
PMID:36808317
A Study on Chemical Characterization and Biological Abilities of Alstonia boonei Extracts Obtained by Different Techniques Mollica A, Zengin G, Sinan KI, Marletta M, Pieretti S, Stefanucci A, Etienne OK, Jekő J, Cziáky Z, Bahadori MB, Picot-Allain C, Mahomoodally MF Antioxidants (Basel) 01-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9686497
doi:10.3390/antiox11112171
PMID:36358543
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants utilized in the management of candidiasis in Northern Uganda Akwongo B, Katuura E, Nsubuga AM, Tugume P, Andama M, Anywar G, Namaganda M, Asimwe S, Kakudidi EK Trop Med Health 14-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9569084
doi:10.1186/s41182-022-00471-y
PMID:36242066
Seasonality and Phosphate Fertilization in Carbohydrates Storage: Carapa guianensis Aubl. Seedlings Responses Peleja VL, Peleja PL, Lara TS, Tribuzy ES, de Moura JM Plants (Basel) 27-Jul-2022
PMCID:PMC9370796
doi:10.3390/plants11151956
PMID:35956434
Ethnopharmacological Study of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Associated Risk Factors in sub-Saharan Africa Odukoya JO, Odukoya JO, Mmutlane EM, Ndinteh DT Plants (Basel) 23-May-2022
PMCID:PMC9143319
doi:10.3390/plants11101387
PMID:35631812
Insecticidal Triterpenes in Meliaceae: Plant Species, Molecules, and Activities: Part II (Cipadessa, Melia) Lin M, Bi X, Zhou L, Huang J Int J Mol Sci 10-May-2022
PMCID:PMC9140753
doi:10.3390/ijms23105329
PMID:35628141
West African medicinal plants and their constituent compounds as treatments for viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Popoola TD, Segun PA, Ekuadzi E, Dickson RA, Awotona OR, Nahar L, Sarker SD, Fatokun AA Daru 27-Apr-2022
PMCID:PMC9043090
doi:10.1007/s40199-022-00437-9
PMID:35476297
A comprehensive review on the decontamination of lead(ii) from water and wastewater by low-cost biosorbents Bayuo J, Rwiza M, Mtei K RSC Adv 12-Apr-2022
PMCID:PMC9003363
doi:10.1039/d2ra00796g
PMID:35425067
Beshanzoides A–D, unprecedented cycloheptanone-containing polyketides from Penicillium commune P-4-1, an endophytic fungus of the endangered conifer Abies beshanzuensis Chen HW, Jiang CX, Li J, Li N, Zang Y, Wu XY, Chen WX, Xiong J, Li J, Hu JF RSC Adv 14-Dec-2021
PMCID:PMC9044568
doi:10.1039/d1ra08377e
PMID:35494150

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives
Bergenin 66065 Click to see 328.27 unknown via CMAUP database
Demethylbergenin 90476206 Click to see 314.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid 370 Click to see 170.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Galloyl esters
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 11968480 Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)O)O)O)O 332.26 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 51543740 Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC(CO)O 244.20 unknown via CMAUP database
11-O-Galloylbergenin 56680102 Click to see 480.40 unknown via CMAUP database
5-Galloylshikimic acid 460897 Click to see C1C(C(C(C=C1C(=O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)O)O)O 326.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Diphenylmethanes
1-[3-[(3-Acetyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenyl]-1-butanone 5315573 Click to see CCCC(=O)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1O)CC2=C(C(=C(C(=C2O)C(=O)C)O)C)OC)O)CC=C(C)C)O 472.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Mallotojaponin 122659 Click to see CC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1OC)CC2=C(C(=C(C(=C2O)CC=C(C)C)O)C(=O)C)O)O)C(=O)C)O 444.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Mallotophenone 179090 Click to see 404.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Eicosanoids / Prostaglandins and related compounds
methyl (2S)-2-[(1S,2R,3S,4S,5R,6R,8R,10S,13R,14R,17R,18S)-13-(furan-3-yl)-1,3,8-trihydroxy-4,6,14-trimethyl-7,11-dioxo-9,12-dioxahexacyclo[8.7.1.13,6.02,8.04,17.014,18]nonadecan-5-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate 163104364 Click to see 532.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
methyl (2S)-2-[(1S,2R,5S,6S,10S,12R,13S,15S,16R,18S,19S)-18-acetyloxy-6-(furan-3-yl)-15-hydroxy-1,5,16-trimethyl-8,14-dioxo-7,11-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,12.05,10.010,12.013,18]nonadecan-19-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate 162925848 Click to see 558.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
methyl (2S)-2-[(1S,2R,5S,6S,10S,12R,13S,15S,16R,18S,19S)-6-(furan-3-yl)-15,18-dihydroxy-1,5,16-trimethyl-8,14-dioxo-7,11-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,12.05,10.010,12.013,18]nonadecan-19-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate 163057652 Click to see CC12CCC3C4(C(C5(CC4(C(C36C1(O6)CC(=O)OC2C7=COC=C7)C(=O)C5O)O)C)C(C(=O)OC)O)C 516.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
methyl (2S)-2-[(1S,2R,5S,6S,10S,12S,13R,15S,16R,18S,19S)-18-acetyloxy-6-(furan-3-yl)-15-hydroxy-1,5,16-trimethyl-8,14-dioxo-7,11-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,12.05,10.010,12.013,18]nonadecan-19-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate 102019660 Click to see 558.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
methyl (2S)-2-[(1S,2R,5S,6S,10S,12S,13R,15S,16R,18S,19S)-6-(furan-3-yl)-15,18-dihydroxy-1,5,16-trimethyl-8,14-dioxo-7,11-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,12.05,10.010,12.013,18]nonadecan-19-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate 101069232 Click to see CC12CCC3C4(C(C5(CC4(C(C36C1(O6)CC(=O)OC2C7=COC=C7)C(=O)C5O)O)C)C(C(=O)OC)O)C 516.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
methyl (2S)-2-[(1S,2R,5S,6S,10S,12S,13S,15S,16R,18S,19S)-18-acetyloxy-6-(furan-3-yl)-15-hydroxy-1,5,16-trimethyl-8,14-dioxo-7,11-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,12.05,10.010,12.013,18]nonadecan-19-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate 162925847 Click to see CC(=O)OC12CC3(C(C(=O)C1C45C(C2(C3C(C(=O)OC)O)C)CCC6(C4(O5)CC(=O)OC6C7=COC=C7)C)O)C 558.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
Methyl (2S)-2-[(1S,2R,5S,6S,10S,12S,13S,15S,16R,18S,19S)-6-(furan-3-yl)-15,18-dihydroxy-1,5,16-trimethyl-8,14-dioxo-7,11-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,12.05,10.010,12.013,18]nonadecan-19-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate 10506025 Click to see 516.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
Rhodiocyanoside A 6442274 Click to see 259.26 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Polyprenols
(2Z,6Z,10Z,14Z,18Z,22E,26E,30E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35-nonamethylhexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol 12442866 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C 631.10 unknown via CMAUP database
(2Z,6Z,10Z,14Z,18Z,22Z,26E,30E,34E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39-decamethyltetraconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38-decaen-1-ol 12866490 Click to see 699.20 unknown via CMAUP database
(2Z,6Z,10Z,14Z,18Z,22Z,26Z,30Z,34E,38E,42E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39,43,47-dodecamethyloctatetraconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38,42,46-dodecaen-1-ol 14380582 Click to see 835.40 unknown via CMAUP database
3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35-Nonamethylhexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-Nonaen-1-Ol 83218 Click to see 631.10 unknown via CMAUP database
Ficaprenol 11 11411688 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C 767.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids / Limonoids
(1S,2R,6R,7R,10R,11S,16S,20S)-6-(furan-3-yl)-20-hydroxy-7,17,17-trimethyl-5,13,21-trioxahexacyclo[17.2.1.01,10.02,7.011,16.011,20]docosane-4,14,18-trione 102005851 Click to see 470.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
[(1R,2S,5R,6R,13S,14R,16S)-6-(furan-3-yl)-16-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,5,15,15-tetramethyl-8,17-dioxo-7-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.05,10]heptadec-10-en-14-yl] butanoate 162892478 Click to see CCCC(=O)OC1C2CC3=C4CC(=O)OC(C4(CCC3C(C2=O)(C(C1(C)C)CC(=O)OC)C)C)C5=COC=C5 540.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83435-2
[6-(Furan-3-yl)-16-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,5,15,15-tetramethyl-8,17-dioxo-7-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.05,10]heptadec-10-en-14-yl] butanoate 162892477 Click to see CCCC(=O)OC1C2CC3=C4CC(=O)OC(C4(CCC3C(C2=O)(C(C1(C)C)CC(=O)OC)C)C)C5=COC=C5 540.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83435-2
6-Methylhydroxyangolensate 40469567 Click to see CC1(C(C2(C3CCC4(C(OC(=O)CC4(C3=C)OC2CC1=O)C5=COC=C5)C)C)C(C(=O)OC)O)C 486.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
Angolensic acid methyl ester 419676 Click to see CC1(C(C2(C3CCC4(C(OC(=O)CC4(C3=C)OC2CC1=O)C5=COC=C5)C)C)CC(=O)OC)C 470.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-2011-5-607
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.08.013
methyl (2S)-2-[(1S,2R,6R,7R,10R,11S,12S,15R,16R)-6-(furan-3-yl)-15,16-dihydroxy-7,11,13,13-tetramethyl-4,14-dioxo-5,17-dioxapentacyclo[13.2.1.01,10.02,7.011,16]octadecan-12-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate 10625743 Click to see 518.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
methyl 2-[(1R,2R,5R,6R,13S,14R,16R)-6-(furan-3-yl)-14-hydroxy-1,5,15,15-tetramethyl-8,17-dioxo-7-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.05,10]heptadec-10-en-16-yl]acetate 162913837 Click to see CC1(C(C2(C3CCC4(C(OC(=O)CC4=C3CC(C1O)C2=O)C5=COC=C5)C)C)CC(=O)OC)C 470.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1039/J39700001710
methyl 2-[(1S,2R,6R,7R,10R,11S,12S,14R,15S,19S)-15-acetyloxy-6-(furan-3-yl)-12-hydroxy-7,11,14-trimethyl-4,16-dioxo-5,18-dioxapentacyclo[10.5.1.111,14.01,10.02,7]nonadecan-19-yl]acetate 163044767 Click to see 544.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
methyl 2-[(1S,3S,7R,8R,9R,12S)-13-(furan-3-yl)-6,6,8,12-tetramethyl-17-methylidene-5,15-dioxo-2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecan-7-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate 137705194 Click to see 486.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
Methyl 2-[15-acetyloxy-6-(furan-3-yl)-12-hydroxy-7,11,14-trimethyl-4,16-dioxo-5,18-dioxapentacyclo[10.5.1.111,14.01,10.02,7]nonadecan-19-yl]acetate 163044766 Click to see 544.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
Methyl 2-[6-(furan-3-yl)-14-hydroxy-1,5,15,15-tetramethyl-8,17-dioxo-7-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.05,10]heptadec-10-en-16-yl]acetate 14379365 Click to see 470.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1039/J39700001710
Methyl angolensate 21596327 Click to see CC1(C(C2(C3CCC4(C(OC(=O)CC4(C3=C)OC2CC1=O)C5=COC=C5)C)C)CC(=O)OC)C 470.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.08.013
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones
[(2R,3R,4R,4aS,10bS)-8,10-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-9-methoxy-6-oxo-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-3,4,4a,10b-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]isochromen-3-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 71571588 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)OC2=O)O 632.50 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2R,3R,4S,4aS,10bS)-3,8,10-trihydroxy-9-methoxy-6-oxo-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-3,4,4a,10b-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]isochromen-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 102314951 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C3C(C(C(C(O3)COC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)OC2=O)O 632.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tetracarboxylic acids and derivatives
methyl (2R)-2-[(1R,2R,5R,6R,13R,14S,16S)-14-acetyloxy-6-(furan-3-yl)-13-hydroxy-1,5,15,15-tetramethyl-8,17-dioxo-7,18-dioxatetracyclo[11.3.2.02,11.05,10]octadec-10-en-16-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate 162983215 Click to see 560.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(71)85116-6
Methyl 2-[14-acetyloxy-6-(furan-3-yl)-13-hydroxy-1,5,15,15-tetramethyl-8,17-dioxo-7,18-dioxatetracyclo[11.3.2.02,11.05,10]octadec-10-en-16-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate 162983214 Click to see 560.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(71)85116-6
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
methyl (2S)-2-[(1S,2R,3S,4R,7S,8S,12R,14R,15S,16R,17S,18S)-1-acetyloxy-8-(furan-3-yl)-3,15-dihydroxy-7,16,18-trimethyl-10-oxo-9,13-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,14.03,12.04,18.07,12]nonadecan-17-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate 10745450 Click to see 560.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
methyl (2S)-2-[(1S,2R,3S,7S,8S,12R,14R,15S,16R,17S,18S)-1-acetyloxy-8-(furan-3-yl)-3,15-dihydroxy-7,16,18-trimethyl-10-oxo-9,13-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,14.03,12.04,18.07,12]nonadecan-17-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate 101076684 Click to see 560.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
methyl 2-[(1R,3S,8S,9S,10S,13S,14R)-14-(furan-3-yl)-7,7,9,13-tetramethyl-18-methylidene-5,16-dioxo-2,6,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.1.01,13.03,9]octadecan-8-yl]acetate 163083649 Click to see CC1(C(C2(C3CCC4(C(OC(=O)CC4(C3=C)OC2CC(=O)O1)C5=COC=C5)C)C)CC(=O)OC)C 486.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1039/C29690000889
Methyl 2-[14-(furan-3-yl)-7,7,9,13-tetramethyl-18-methylidene-5,16-dioxo-2,6,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.1.01,13.03,9]octadecan-8-yl]acetate 74033954 Click to see 486.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1039/C29690000889
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Cyanogenic glycosides
Epilotaustralin 185818 Click to see CCC(C)(C#N)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O 261.27 unknown via CMAUP database
Rhodiocyanoside D 6442230 Click to see 259.26 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
methyl (1aS,4S,4aS,7R,8R,8aR)-4-(furan-3-yl)-4a,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-[(1R,6S)-1,5,5-trimethyl-4-oxo-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1aH-oxireno[2,3-d]isochromene-8-carboxylate 163032481 Click to see 648.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
methyl (1aS,4S,4aS,7R,8S,8aR)-4-(furan-3-yl)-4a,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-[(1R,6R)-1,5,5-trimethyl-4-oxo-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1aH-oxireno[2,3-d]isochromene-8-carboxylate 101094894 Click to see 648.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenoxy)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 102147465 Click to see 606.50 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)oxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 102442447 Click to see 454.40 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)oxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 25262417 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC)O 484.40 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenoxy)oxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 102442448 Click to see 454.40 unknown via CMAUP database
I(2)-D-Glucopyranoside, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl, 2,6-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) 102469980 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O 650.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones
1-(2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)ethanone 14602300 Click to see 196.20 unknown via CMAUP database
1-(2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethanone 14602301 Click to see 210.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Butyrylmallotochromene 189457 Click to see 470.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Isomallotochromene 10433453 Click to see 442.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Mallotochromene 126969 Click to see 442.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans
methyl 2-[(1R,2S)-2-[(3aR,4S,7R,7aR)-4-[(R)-furan-3-yl(hydroxy)methyl]-3a-hydroxy-4,7a-dimethyl-2-oxo-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-2,6,6-trimethyl-5-oxocyclohex-3-en-1-yl]acetate 101432180 Click to see 488.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
methyl 2-[(1S,2R)-2-[(3aR,4S,7R,7aR)-4-[(S)-furan-3-yl(hydroxy)methyl]-3a-hydroxy-4,7a-dimethyl-2-oxo-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-2,6,6-trimethyl-5-oxocyclohex-3-en-1-yl]acetate 162913129 Click to see 488.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Delta valerolactones
methyl (2S)-2-[(1S,2S,3S,4R,7S,8S,12R,14R,15S,16R,17S,18S)-8-(furan-3-yl)-1,3,15-trihydroxy-7,16,18-trimethyl-10-oxo-9,13-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,14.03,12.04,18.07,12]nonadecan-17-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate 10577820 Click to see CC12CCC3C4(C(C5(CC4(C6C3(C1(CC(=O)OC2C7=COC=C7)OC6C5O)O)O)C)C(C(=O)OC)O)C 518.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
methyl (2S)-2-[(1S,2S,3S,7S,8S,12R,14R,15S,16R,17S,18S)-8-(furan-3-yl)-1,3,15-trihydroxy-7,16,18-trimethyl-10-oxo-9,13-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,14.03,12.04,18.07,12]nonadecan-17-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate 101069233 Click to see 518.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
methyl 2-[(1S,2R,3S,4S,5R,6R,8R,10S,13R,14R,17R,18S)-13-(furan-3-yl)-1,3-dihydroxy-4,6,14-trimethyl-7,11-dioxo-9,12-dioxahexacyclo[8.7.1.13,6.02,8.04,17.014,18]nonadecan-5-yl]acetate 163105173 Click to see CC12CCC3C4(C(C5(CC4(C6C3(C1C(C(=O)OC2C7=COC=C7)OC6C5=O)O)O)C)CC(=O)OC)C 500.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
methyl 2-[(8S,12S,13S)-13-(furan-3-yl)-8,12-dimethyl-17-methylidene-5,15-dioxo-2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecan-7-yl]acetate 162820484 Click to see 442.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-2011-5-607
Methyl 2-[13-(furan-3-yl)-1,3-dihydroxy-4,6,14-trimethyl-7,11-dioxo-9,12-dioxahexacyclo[8.7.1.13,6.02,8.04,17.014,18]nonadecan-5-yl]acetate 163105172 Click to see 500.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.07.016
Methyl 2-[13-(furan-3-yl)-8,12-dimethyl-17-methylidene-5,15-dioxo-2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecan-7-yl]acetate 162820483 Click to see 442.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.08.013
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Pyridinecarboxamides / Nicotinamides
Nicotinamide 936 Click to see C1=CC(=CN=C1)C(=O)N 122.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Catechin 9064 Click to see 290.27 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins / Catechin gallates
(-)-Epicatechin gallate 107905 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O 442.40 unknown via CMAUP database
(+)-Catechin 3-Gallate 5276454 Click to see 442.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Epigallocatechin Gallate 65064 Click to see 458.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Hibiscetin 15559735 Click to see 334.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Isorhamnetin 5281654 Click to see 316.26 unknown via CMAUP database
Kaempferol 5280863 Click to see 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Myricetin 5281672 Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 318.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see 302.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Rutin 5280805 Click to see 610.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Hydroxyflavonoids / 7-hydroxyflavonoids
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-1-Benzopyrylium 128861 Click to see 287.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
Peonidin 441773 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2O)O)O)O 301.27 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylated isoflavonoids
Vestitol, (-)- 182259 Click to see COC1=CC(=C(C=C1)C2CC3=C(C=C(C=C3)O)OC2)O 272.29 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Phenylpropanoic acids
Eucomic Acid 23757219 Click to see 240.21 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins
1,2,3,6-Tetra-O-Galloyl-Beta-D-Glucose 73178 Click to see 788.60 unknown via CMAUP database
1,2,4,6-Tetragalloylglucose 11297287 Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O 788.60 unknown via CMAUP database
1,6-bis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose 440221 Click to see 484.40 unknown via CMAUP database
beta-Glucogallin 124021 Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O 332.26 unknown via CMAUP database
Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose 65238 Click to see 940.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
(10R,11R,13R,14R,15S)-3,4,5,11,14,20,21,22-octahydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-9,12,16-trioxatetracyclo[16.4.0.02,7.010,15]docosa-1(22),2,4,6,18,20-hexaene-8,17-dione 11754973 Click to see 482.30 unknown via CMAUP database
[(10R,11R,13R,14R,15S)-3,4,5,11,20,21,22-heptahydroxy-8,17-dioxo-14-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-9,12,16-trioxatetracyclo[16.4.0.02,7.010,15]docosa-1(22),2,4,6,18,20-hexaen-13-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 14284542 Click to see 786.60 unknown via CMAUP database
[(10R,11S,13R,14R,15S)-3,4,5,14,20,21,22-heptahydroxy-8,17-dioxo-11-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-9,12,16-trioxatetracyclo[16.4.0.02,7.010,15]docosa-1(22),2,4,6,18,20-hexaen-13-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 14429414 Click to see 786.60 unknown via CMAUP database
[(10R,11S,13R,14R,15S)-3,4,5,20,21,22-hexahydroxy-8,17-dioxo-11,14-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-9,12,16-trioxatetracyclo[16.4.0.02,7.010,15]docosa-1(22),2,4,6,18,20-hexaen-13-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 10557787 Click to see 938.70 unknown via CMAUP database
1,2-DI-O-GALLOYL-3,6-(R)-HEXAHYDROXYDIPHENOYL-| cent-D-GLUCOSE 14284664 Click to see 786.60 unknown via CMAUP database
2-[[(1R,7R,8S,26R,28S,29R,38R)-1,14,15,18,19,20,34,35,39,39-decahydroxy-2,5,10,23,31-pentaoxo-28-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-6,9,24,27,30,40-hexaoxaoctacyclo[34.3.1.04,38.07,26.08,29.011,16.017,22.032,37]tetraconta-3,11,13,15,17,19,21,32,34,36-decaen-13-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid 16201525 Click to see 1120.70 unknown via CMAUP database
2-[[(1S,19R,21S,22R,23R)-6,7,8,11,12,22,23-heptahydroxy-3,16-dioxo-21-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-2,17,20-trioxatetracyclo[17.3.1.04,9.010,15]tricosa-4,6,8,10,12,14-hexaen-13-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid 46905124 Click to see 802.60 unknown via CMAUP database
3,3a(2),4a(2)-Tri-O-methylellagic acid 11674590 Click to see COC1=C(C2=C3C(=C1)C(=O)OC4=C3C(=CC(=C4OC)OC)C(=O)O2)O 344.30 unknown via CMAUP database
4,4'-Di-O-methylellagic acid 11580745 Click to see 330.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Casuarictin 73644 Click to see 936.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Corilagin 73568 Click to see 634.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Ellagic Acid 5281855 Click to see 302.19 unknown via CMAUP database
Geraniin 3001497 Click to see 952.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Giadmmrdajabjm-oaqcrpkasa- 21668995 Click to see C1C(C2C(O1)(C3(C(=O)O2)C45CC(=O)C(O3)(C6(C4C7=C(O6)C(=C(C=C7C(=O)OC8C(C(C(OC8OC(=O)C9=CC(=C(C(=C9)O)O)O)CO)OC5=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 808.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Mallotinic Acid 10056140 Click to see 802.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Mallotusinin 514180 Click to see C1C2C3C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C6=C5C7=C(O6)C(=C(C=C7C(=O)O3)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8C9=C(C(=C(C=C9C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O 918.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Pmgvhtaltibnie-gloqphdasa- 21668994 Click to see 1278.90 unknown via CMAUP database
Punicafolin 5320800 Click to see 938.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Xcxwmhrrisfuff-xngpzlstsa- 21636130 Click to see 1110.80 unknown via CMAUP database

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