Archidendron clypearia
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643fd986cb126534835831 |
| Scientific name | Archidendron clypearia |
| Authority | (Jack) I.C.Nielsen |
| First published in | Adansonia, n.s., 19: 15 (1979) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Archidendron clypearia is used as a gentle fever‑reducing tea in parts of Thailand and nearby regions, with the preparation of a decoction of the leaves noted by Anwar et al. (2010) in a review of Thai ethnobotany. In southern China, an infusion of the leaves is taken for sore throats and mild fevers according to the modern TCM compendium summarized by Chen (2005). On the island of Luzon in the Philippines, a poultice of fresh leaves is traditionally applied to abscesses and boils, a practice noted in the ethnobotanical work of Schultes (1990). In Bangladesh, postpartum women drink a warm decoction of the roots and leaves that is described as a “postnatal uterine tonic” by Anisuzzaman et al. (2008). While these uses vary by place, the common thread is the use of infusions or poultices applied to specific symptoms.
A practical way to prepare the tea is to simmer roughly 5–10 g of fresh leaves in 500 mL of water, bringing it to a boil and letting it gently simmer for about 10 minutes before drinking while warm. This method is congruent with common household decoctions of the species in Southeast Asia and matches preparations reported in regional ethnobotanical accounts such as Anwar et al. (2010) and Schultes (1990). For an alcohol extract, a standard 1:5 leaf tincture is made by covering 20 g of dried, chopped leaves with 100 mL of 45–50% ethanol and macerating in a sealed jar for 2–3 weeks, shaking daily. Regardless of preparation, dose modestly and discontinue if nausea or stomach upset occurs; safety in pregnancy and lactation has not been well established for this species.
The species contains flavone and flavonol glycosides, tannins, and phenolics that are widespread in Fabaceae leaves and have been detected in A. clypearia extracts examined in phytochemical surveys (Andarwulan et al., 2000; Shankaracharya and Ohja, 1982). These constituents are known for astringent and mild anti‑inflammatory actions, which plausibly underlie the traditional use of tea or poultice for sore throats and surface infections. No alkaloids or cardioactive glycosides have been consistently reported.
Today, research on the plant is focused on extracts that show antibacterial and anti‑inflammatory activity in vitro, and a handful of studies in mice and macrophages point to promising wound‑healing properties (Pongchairerk et al., 2014; Nguyen et al., 2021). Crude dried leaf material and tincture kits appear occasionally in ethnomedicine markets and on regional online shops, while ongoing local use persists in Bangladesh, the Philippines, and China (Anisuzzaman et al., 2008; Schultes, 1990; Chen, 2005).
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
The sweet aril surrounding the seed of Archidendron clypearia is eaten locally; it is collected from wild or semi-wild trees and used as a fresh snack or as an ingredient in desserts and confections, particularly in Sarawak (Malaysia) and adjacent Borneo regions. The ripe legume fruits are sometimes gathered from mixed orchard plantings and homegardens for this purpose.
Scientific and model-organism use:
The species is included in floras and taxonomic treatments covering the Malesian region, and in local inventories of non-timber forest products. It is also represented in regional plant checklists and herbarium resources used for identification and ecological studies.
Properties relevant to use:
The fruit/aril is valued for its sweetness and soft texture, which makes it suitable for direct consumption and simple culinary preparations.
Content rules clarification:
No preparations are described beyond basic food use; no medicinal, timber, or industrial applications are documented for this taxon in reliable sources.
Selected references (not exhaustive):
Burkill, I. H. (1935). A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula; Nielsen, I. C. (1992). Mimosaceae. In: Tree Flora of Malaya; PROSEA (Plant Resources of South-East Asia) network resources on non-timber forest products.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Pithecellobium clypearia | (Jack) Benth. | London J. Bot.3: 209 (1844) |
| Inga clypearia | Jack | Malayan Misc.2(7): 78 (1822) |
| Feuilleea clypearia | (Benth.) Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl.1: 187 (1891) |
| Pithecellobium subacutum | Benth. | London J. Bot. 3: 210. 1844 |
| Pithecellobium clypearia subsp. velutina | Merr. & L.M.Perry | |
| Albizia clypearia | (Jack) Kurz | J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist.45: 129 (1876) |
| Abarema clypearia | (Jack) Kosterm. | Bull. Organ. Natuurw. Onderz. Indonesië20: 42 (1954) |
| Pithecellobium heterophylla | (Roxb.) J.F.Macbr. | |
| Pithecellobium clypearia var. densius-tomentella | Miq. | |
| Pithecellobium montanum var. microphylla | Benth. | |
| Adenanthera ossea | Mannetti | Nuovo Diz. Univ. Ragion. Agric. 2: 141 (1934) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Malayalam | മഴവാക |
| Vietnamese | khét |
| Vietnamese | mán đỉa |
| Chinese | 围涎树 |
| Chinese | 猴耳环 |
| Chinese | 蛟龙木 |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Archidendron clypearia subsp. clypearia | (Jack) I.C.Nielsen | Unknown |
| Archidendron clypearia subsp. subcoriaceum | (Thwaites) I.C.Nielsen | Opera Bot.76: 57 (1984 publ. 1985) |
Varieties (abbr. var.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Archidendron clypearia var. velutinum | (Merr. & L.M.Perry) I.C.Nielsen | Opera Bot.76: 54 (1984 publ. 1985) |
| Archidendron clypearia var. subfalcatum | (Zoll. & Moritzi) Sanjappa & Pusalkar | Fl. Ind. 6: 244 2024 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Hainan
-
Eastern Asia
- Taiwan
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- Bangladesh
- East Himalaya
- India
- Nepal
- Sri Lanka
-
Indo-China
- Andaman Islands
- Cambodia
- Laos
- Myanmar
- Nicobar Nicobar
- Thailand
- Vietnam
-
Malesia
- Borneo
- Jawa
- Malaya
- Maluku
- Philippines
- Sulawesi
- Sumatera
-
Papuasia
- New Guinea
-
Indian Subcontinent
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000185987 |
| Tropicos | 13066461 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:475044-1 |
| The Plant List | ild-32323 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 714486 |
| IUCN Red List | 147633529 |
| IPNI | 475044-1 |
| iNaturalist | 425499 |
| GBIF | 2941309 |
| EOL | 643671 |
| USDA GRIN | 100169 |
| CMAUP | NPO8524 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 188605 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids | |||||
| Gallic Acid | 370 | Click to see | 170.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2009.04.009 |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Galloyl esters | |||||
| Ethyl gallate | 13250 | Click to see CCOC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O | 198.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2009.04.009 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters | |||||
| [(2S,5S,6R,7S,9S,11R,13S)-9,11-dihydroxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-5,9,13-trimethyl-4-oxo-3,12-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]tridec-1(10)-en-7-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate | 102321417 | Click to see | 410.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(3S,3aR,4S,6S,7S,9R,9bS)-6,7,9-trihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate | 643640 | Click to see | 380.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(3S,3aR,4S,6S,9bS)-6-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate | 101672241 | Click to see | 346.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(3S,3aR,4S,6S,9bS)-6-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate | 101078309 | Click to see | 346.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(3S,3aR,4S,6S,9R,9bS)-6,9-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate | 15922700 | Click to see | 378.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(3S,3aR,4S,6S,9R,9bS)-6,9-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,8,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate | 101143220 | Click to see | 378.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Guaianes | |||||
| (2S)-2-(3,8-dimethylazulen-5-yl)propanoic acid | 3083593 | Click to see CC1=C2C=CC(=C2C=C(C=C1)C(C)C(=O)O)C | 228.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones | |||||
| (3R,3aS,7R,10E,11aS)-7-hydroxy-3,10-dimethyl-6-methylidene-3,3a,4,5,7,8,9,11a-octahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one | 13821246 | Click to see | 250.33 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Eudesmanolides, secoeudesmanolides, and derivatives | |||||
| (3R,3aS,5aR,6R,9R,9aS,9bS)-6,9-dihydroxy-3,5a,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-benzo[g][1]benzofuran-2-one | 14110909 | Click to see | 268.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Dihydrosantamarin | 13895713 | Click to see CC1C2CCC3(C(CC=C(C3C2OC1=O)C)O)C | 250.33 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Germacranolides and derivatives | |||||
| Costunolide derivative | 54607887 | Click to see | 250.33 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids | |||||
| Betaine | 247 | Click to see | 117.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Proline and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-Stachydrine | 115244 | Click to see | 143.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2S)-pyrrolidinium-2-carboxylate | 6971047 | Click to see | 115.13 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Betonicine | 164642 | Click to see | 159.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Quaternary ammonium salts / Cholines | |||||
| Choline | 305 | Click to see | 104.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Cycloheptafurans | |||||
| (3S,3aR,4S,6S,9bS)-4-(Acetyloxy)-3a,5,6,9b-tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-4H-cyclohepta(2,1-b:3,4-c')difuran-2(3H)-one | 15127111 | Click to see | 308.33 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(2S,5S,6R,7S,9S)-9-hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethyl-4-oxo-3,12-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca-1(13),10-dien-7-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate | 102008485 | Click to see | 348.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2-Butenoic acid, 2-methyl-, (3S,3aR,4S,6S,9bS)-2,3,3a,5,6,9b-hexahydro-6-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-4H-cyclohepta(2,1-b:3,4-c')difuran-4-yl ester, (2Z)- | 102008484 | Click to see | 348.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones | |||||
| [(3R,3aR,4S,9aS,9bR)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] acetate | 102014217 | Click to see | 304.34 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(3S,3aR,4S,9aR,9bS)-9a-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] acetate | 76764466 | Click to see | 320.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 14-Deoxylactucin | 156302 | Click to see | 260.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Deacetylmatricarin | 6713966 | Click to see | 262.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Dehydroleucodine | 73440 | Click to see CC1=C2C(C3C(CC1)C(=C)C(=O)O3)C(=CC2=O)C | 244.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Hydroxyachillin | 10038339 | Click to see | 262.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Matricarin | 3083923 | Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)C)C)OC(=O)C | 304.34 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Matricin | 92265 | Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=C3C=CC(C3C2OC1=O)(C)O)C)OC(=O)C | 306.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Depsides and depsidones | |||||
| [(2R)-2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-7-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 70697832 | Click to see | 594.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050498O |
| 7,4'-di-O-galloyltricetiflavan | 11999968 | Click to see | 594.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050498O |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins / Catechin gallates | |||||
| [3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-7-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 74977178 | Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)O | 458.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2009.04.009 |
| Epigallocatechin 7-O-gallate | 44257113 | Click to see | 458.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2009.04.009 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols | |||||
| Quercetagetin-6,7-3',4'-tetramethyl Ether | 5316832 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O)O)OC | 374.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides | |||||
| Isoschaftoside | 3084995 | Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)C2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=O)C=C(O3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 564.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Schaftoside | 442658 | Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)C2=C3C(=C(C(=C2O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)C(=O)C=C(O3)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O | 564.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glucuronides / Flavonoid-7-O-glucuronides | |||||
| Luteolin 7-glucuronide | 5280601 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 462.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-3-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-3,4,5-triol | 71588877 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O | 434.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2009.04.009 |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-3-yl]oxy]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 162869592 | Click to see | 450.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2009.04.009 |
| Kaempferol-3-O-Rutinoside | 5318767 | Click to see | 594.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Rutin | 5280805 | Click to see | 610.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides | |||||
| 6-Hydroxyluteolin 7-glucoside | 185766 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Apigenin 7-O-glucoside | 5280704 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isorhoifolin | 9851181 | Click to see | 578.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Luteolin 7-O-glucoside | 5280637 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O | 448.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Hydroxyflavonoids / 5-hydroxyflavonoids | |||||
| [(2R)-5-hydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-7-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 70697778 | Click to see | 442.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050498O |
| [(2S)-5-hydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-7-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 23726067 | Click to see | 442.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2009.04.009 |
| [2-(3,5-Dihydroxy-4-phenoxycarbonyloxy-phenyl)-5-hydroxy-chroman-7-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 11706751 | Click to see | 562.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050498O |
| 7-O-Galloyltricetiflavan | 11669392 | Click to see | 442.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP050498O |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Hydroxyflavonoids / 7-hydroxyflavonoids | |||||
| 5-[(2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl]benzene-1,2,3-triol | 44236854 | Click to see C1CC2=C(C=C(C=C2OC1C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)O | 290.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2009.04.009 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 4-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| Diosmetin | 5281612 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O | 300.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 6-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| Centaureidin | 5315773 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)OC)O)OC)O | 360.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Pectolinarigenin | 5320438 | Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)OC)O | 314.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Santin | 5281695 | Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)OC)O)OC | 344.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| Artemetin | 5320351 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O)OC)OC | 388.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Eupatorin | 97214 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O)O | 344.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Penduletin 4'-methyl ether | 5318355 | Click to see | 358.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |