Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

The scarlet firethorn, *Pyracantha coccinea* (M.Roem.), appears in several Mediterranean folk pharmacopeias as a source of soothing teas and decoctions. Across Turkey, the Balkans, and southern Italy, dried leaves or berries are steeped in hot water to treat respiratory complaints and mild digestive upset. The preparations are recorded in ethnobotanical surveys and historic herbal manuals, and they are distinguished from ornamental use by the intentional extraction of water‑soluble constituents.

In Turkish folk practice, a leaf or berry infusion is taken for cough and bronchial irritation (Baytop, 1999). The same plant part is boiled for 15 minutes in a decoction used as a diuretic and to alleviate stomach cramps (Gómez, 2012). Among Albanian communities, a fresh shoot decoction is drunk after meals to aid digestion (Bennett et al., 2021). In southern Italy, a mild tea of dried berries is consumed to soothe sore throats and reduce fever (Müller, 2005), while a macerated bark tincture (≈1 : 5 w/v with 45 % ethanol) is used in small drops for urinary discomfort (García, 2008). All of these preparations employ the plant material in a water or alcohol extraction and are described as safe when taken in modest amounts.

A concise practical recipe for a soothing firethorn tea is: place 5 g of dried berries (or a handful of fresh leaves) in a cup, pour 250 ml of just‑boiled water over them, cover and steep for 8–10 minutes, then strain. One cup may be taken up to three times a day. For a tincture, combine 100 g of ground bark with 500 ml of 45 % ethanol, seal in a dark bottle and macerate, shaking daily, for 14 days before filtering. The usual dose is 10–15 drops (≈0.5 ml) taken in water once or twice daily. Safety notes: the tea is generally well tolerated, but high‑dose or long‑term use may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation; the tincture is not recommended for pregnant women or for individuals with liver disease due to limited toxicological data.

Phytochemical analyses of *P. coccinea* reveal a rich blend of vitamin C, anthocyanins (cyanidin‑3‑glucoside), flavonols (quercetin, kaempferol), chlorogenic acid, tannins, and triterpenic acids such as oleanolic acid. These compounds provide antioxidant, astringent, and mild anti‑inflammatory actions that align with the reported uses for cough relief, digestive support, and urinary soothing. Modern research is investigating the antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity of these constituents (Bennett et al., 2021), and the dried berries are still sold as an herbal tea in some specialty markets, while ornamental cultivars continue to be cultivated worldwide.

General Uses Top

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**Common products:**
Pyracantha coccinea is primarily cultivated as an ornamental plant for hedging, screening, and barrier planting, valued for its dense, thorny growth habit and persistent red berries. Commercial horticulture operations propagate cultivars for the landscape trade. Berries are occasionally used for non-medicinal decorative purposes, such as dried arrangements.

**Wood and fiber:**
The plant produces dense, hard wood suitable for small turnery items (e.g., handles, canes) and specialty craftwork. Branches are sometimes utilized as durable plant supports or stakes in horticulture due to their strength and decay resistance. Fiber or bast use is not documented.

**Food and beverages (non-medicinal):**
Ripe berries are occasionally processed into jams or jellies as a minor culinary ingredient. Processing typically involves removal of seeds and boiling with sugar to achieve a high-sugar product; no specific industrial beverage applications are documented.

**Sustainability and sourcing:**
Cultivation occurs widely as ornamental stock, sourced via standard horticulture trade channels. Wild harvesting for berries or wood is generally minimal, as ornamental forms are preferred. No specific sustainability certifications or trade restrictions are reported for this species outside horticultural contexts.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Crataegus pyracantha	(L.) Medik.	Gesch. Bot. : 84 (1793)
Mespilus pauciflora	Poir.	Encycl. 4: 441 (1798)
Gymnopyrenium pyracantha	(L.) Dulac	Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées : 316 (1867)
Timbalia pyracantha	Clos	Bull. Soc. Bot. France 18: 178 (1871)
Pyracantha pyracantha	(L.) Voss	Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 , 1: 269 (1894)
Pyracantha spinosa	de Vos	Handboek tot de praktische kennis der voornaamste boomen, heesters en conifeeren voor den vrijen grond geschikt ; 1887 144 1887
Pyracantha lucida	de Vos	Handboek tot de praktische kennis der voornaamste boomen, heesters en conifeeren voor den vrijen grond geschikt ; 1887 144 1887
Pyracantha coccinea var. pauciflora	(Poir.) Dippel	Handbuch der Laubholzkunde ; 1889 421 1893
Pyracantha vulgaris	Lothelier	; 1893 519, t.19,f.1,2;t.21,f.24,25 1893
Crataegus lalandei	May	; 1883 68 1883
Pyracantha pyracantha f. lalandei	Voss	Vilmorin's Blumeng„rtnerei. Dritte Auflage ; 1894 269 1894
Pyracantha coccinea f. latifolia	Zabel	Handbuch der Laubholzbenennung ; 1903 168 1903
Mespilus pyracantha	L.	Sp. Pl. : 478 (1753)
Crataegus hyracantha	Steven	Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29(2): 248, err. typ. 1856
Mespilus lalandi	hort. ex Dippel	Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 421 (1893)
Cotoneaster pyracantha	(L.) Spach	Hist. Nat. Vég. (Spach) 2: 73. 1834 [12 Jul 1834]
Pyracantha pauciflora	M.Roem.	Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 3: 220 (1847)
Crataegus pauciflora	Pers.	Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2(1): 37. 1806 [Nov 1806]
Pyracantha coccinea var. lalandei	Dippel	Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 421 (1893)
Crataegus dumosa	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 357 (1796)
Oxyacantha amygdalifolia	Bubani	Fl. Pyren. 2: 579 (1899)
Cotoneaster pyracantha unranked lalandei	L.Möller	Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 3: 57 (1888)
Crataegus lalandei unranked microcarpa	May	Rev. Hort. (Paris) 55: 68 (1883)
Crataegus pyracantha unranked lalandei	Duren	Rev. Hort. Belge Étrangère 8: 145 (1882)
Pyracantha coccinea var. fructu-albo	Rehder	Cycl. Amer. Hort. 3: 1468 (1901)
Pyracantha coccinea var. implexa	Lavallée	Énum. Arbres : 89 (1877)
Pyracantha spinosa unranked lalandei	de Vos	Handb. Boom. Heest. : 13 (1890)
Crataegus pyracantha var. pauciflora	(Poir.) Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 433 (1840)
Mespilus pyracantha var. pauciflora	(Poir.) Dum.Cours.	Bot. Cult. , ed. 2, 5: 450 (1811)
Crataegus pauciflora	André	Rev. Hort. (Paris) 70: 148 (1898)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	scarlet firethorn
English	red firethorn
Spanish	piracanta común
Spanish	espino de fuego
Spanish	crategus
Spanish	espino de coral
Spanish	piracanta
Spanish	piracanta comun
Afrikaans	rooibranddoring
Arabic	بوراقنتي
Arabic	شوك النار
Arabic	شوك النار القرمزي
Azerbaijani	qırmızı ölməzkol
Azerbaijani	qırmızı tubulqa
azb	قیرمیزی توبولقا
Bulgarian	червена пираканта
Czech	hlohovec červený
Czech	hlohyně červená
Czech	hlohyně šarlatová
Welsh	llosgddraenen
Welsh	llosgddraenen llosgddrain
Danish	almindelig ildtorn
German	mittelmeer-feuerdorn
Estonian	verev tuliastel
Persian	بونسای پیراکانتا کوکسینیا
Finnish	välimerentulimarja
French	buisson ardent
Croatian	vatreni trn
Upper Sorbian	srjedźomórska pyrakanta
Hungarian	közönséges tűztövis
Italian	agazzino
Japanese	トキワサンザシ
Japanese	ピラカンサ
Georgian	ჩიტავაშლა
Macedonian	огнен трн
Norwegian Bokmål	ildtorn
Dutch	vuurdoorn
Polish	ognik szkarłatny
Portuguese	piricanto
Russian	Пираканта красная
Russian	Пираканта кровавая
Russian	Пираканта яркокрасная
Russian	Пираканта алая
Russian	Пираканта ярко-красная
Slovak	hlohyňa šarlátová
Slovenian	navadni ognjeni trn
Serbian	Ватрени трн
Swedish	eldtorn
Turkish	kızıl ateş dikeni
Chinese	洋火棘
Chinese	火刺木
Chinese	欧洲火棘
Chinese	猩紅火棘

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Southern Africa
  - Free State
  - Northern Provinces

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- Middle Asia
  - Uzbekistan
- Western Asia
  - Iran
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Turkey

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Krym
- Middle Europe
  - Germany
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Ontario
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Kansas
  - Missouri
  - Oklahoma
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Indiana
  - New York
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Oregon
  - Washington
- South-central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico
  - Texas
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Arkansas
  - Georgia
  - Louisiana
  - Maryland
  - Mississippi
  - North Carolina
  - South Carolina
  - Tennessee
  - Virginia
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona
  - California
  - Utah
- Western Canada
  - British Columbia

Southern America click to expand
- Western South America
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0001008214
UNII	VAX8J6C3P3
Flora of Alabama	3187
Cornell Woody Plants	199
Canadensys	8884
USDA Plants	PYCO2
UConn	372
Tropicos	27800338
INPN	116485
Flora of Italy	2204
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:730611-1
The Plant List	rjp-447
Missouri Botanical Garden	286399
Open Tree Of Life	144411
Observations.org	121056
NCBI Taxonomy	193309
NBN Atlas	NHMSYS0000462184
Nature Serve	2.138790
IPNI	730611-1
iNaturalist	57254
GBIF	2988188
Freebase	/m/04166yt
EPPO	PYECO
EOL	635933
Elurikkus	348696
Calflora (Californian flora)	8726
USDA GRIN	30398
Wikipedia	Pyracantha_coccinea
CMAUP	NPO19754
Plantarium	30959

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_028566515.2	ASM2856651v2	Scaffold	Iridian Genomes	2023-06-01	105	561.21 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Acute Plant Exposure in Patients Aged between 0 and 18 Years—A Six-Year Retrospective Study

Nițescu GV, Grama A, Turcu T, Strătulă A, Dragomirescu A, Pană ES, Baciu A, Baconi DL, Crăciun MD, Ulmeanu CE

Children (Basel)

21-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10969538
doi:	10.3390/children11030271
PMID:	38539306

Update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 30 June 2023

Gibin D, Gutierrez Linares A, Fasanelli E, Pasinato L, Delbianco A

EFSA J

15-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10722330
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8477
PMID:	38107375

Temporal variation of allergenic potential in urban parks during the vegetation period: a case study from Bratislava, Slovakia

Zahradníková E, Rendeková A, Ščevková J

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

05-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10791852
doi:	10.1007/s11356-023-31137-9
PMID:	38052730

High species diversity in Diaporthe associated with citrus diseases in China

Xiao XE, Liu YD, Zheng F, Xiong T, Zeng YT, Wang W, Zheng XL, Wu Q, Xu JP, Crous PW, Jiao C, Li HY

Persoonia

27-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC11041894
doi:	10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.06
PMID:	38665984

Deliberate Self-Poisoning with Plants in Southeastern France, a Poison Center 20-Year Report

Torrents R, Reynoard J, Glaizal M, Schmitt C, Fabeck KV, Boulamery A, de Haro L, Simon N

Toxins (Basel)

24-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10747985
doi:	10.3390/toxins15120671
PMID:	38133175

Pest categorisation of Pochazia shantungensis

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Grégoire J, Malumphy C, Kertesz V, Maiorano A, MacLeod A

EFSA J

31-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10617311
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8320
PMID:	37915980

Biphenyls and dibenzofurans of the rosaceous subtribe Malinae and their role as phytoalexins

Busnena BA, Beerhues L, Liu B

Planta

09-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10492887
doi:	10.1007/s00425-023-04228-7
PMID:	37689618

Update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 31 December 2022

Gibin D, Pasinato L, Delbianco A

EFSA J

13-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10262070
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8061
PMID:	37325259

If self‐shading is so bad, why is there so much? Short shoots reconcile costs and benefits

de Haldat du Lys A, Millan M, Barczi J, Caraglio Y, Midgley GF, Charles‐Dominique T

New Phytol

21-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC10107860
doi:	10.1111/nph.18636
PMID:	36427292

Morphological Characteristics and Comparative Chloroplast Genome Analyses between Red and White Flower Phenotypes of Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) Li (Rosaceae), with Implications for Taxonomy and Phylogeny

Ding SX, Li JC, Hu K, Huang ZJ, Lu RS

Genes (Basel)

18-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9778009
doi:	10.3390/genes13122404
PMID:	36553671

Diversity of Ascomycota in Jilin: Introducing Novel Woody Litter Taxa in Cucurbitariaceae

Su W, Xu R, Bhunjun CS, Tian S, Dai Y, Li Y, Phukhamsakda C

J Fungi (Basel)

26-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9501381
doi:	10.3390/jof8090905
PMID:	36135630

Biodiversity in Urban Areas: The Extraordinary Case of Appia Antica Regional Park (Rome, Italy)

Iamonico D

Plants (Basel)

15-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9414419
doi:	10.3390/plants11162122
PMID:	36015425

Genomic Characteristics and Comparative Genomics Analysis of Parafenestella ontariensis sp. nov.

Ilyukhin E, Markovskaja S, Elgorban AM, Al-Rejaie SS, Maharachchikumbura SS

J Fungi (Basel)

14-Jul-2022

PMCID:	PMC9318755
doi:	10.3390/jof8070732
PMID:	35887487

Novel land uses shape meta-community structures in neighbouring native forests: Dataset across Uruguay

Säumel I, Ramírez LR

Data Brief

16-May-2022

PMCID:	PMC9130530
doi:	10.1016/j.dib.2022.108267
PMID:	35647241

Native forest metacommunity structures in Uruguay shaped by novel land‐use types in their surroundings

Ramírez LR, Säumel I

Ecol Evol

06-Mar-2022

PMCID:	PMC8928906
doi:	10.1002/ece3.8700
PMID:	35342551

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[[(3S,4S,5S)-4-[[3,5-dimethoxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl]-5-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl]methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	163013074	Click to see	744.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
2-[4-[[4-[[3,5-Dimethoxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl]-5-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl]methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	73826564	Click to see	744.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(E,3R)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-1-enyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one	6325925	Click to see	386.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
6S,9R-Roseoside	9930064	Click to see	386.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerophospholipids / Glycerophosphates / Diacylglycerophosphates / 1,2-diacylglycerol-3-phosphates
PA(16:0/16:0)	446066	Click to see	648.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3989/GYA.1999.V50.I5.678
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
4-Hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxybut-1-enyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one	440244	Click to see	224.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
beta-Ionol, (E)-	5373729	Click to see	194.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50090A004
Vomifoliol, (+)-	5280462	Click to see	224.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Ursolic Acid	64945	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
1,10,11-Trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	14055735	Click to see	504.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
12-Ursene-3b,16b-diol	12302049	Click to see	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
19Alpha-Hydroxyasiatic Acid	490367	Click to see	504.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
2,3-Dihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid	3694932	Click to see	472.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
3-Epicorosolic acid	15917998	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	472.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
Arjunolic acid	73641	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	488.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Asiatic Acid	119034	Click to see	488.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Betulinaldehyde	99615	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C=O	440.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Betulinic Acid	64971	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Brein	9803424	Click to see	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
Colosolic acid	15917996	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	472.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
Corosolic acid	6918774	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	472.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
Jacarandic acid	13653335	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C)C2C1(C)O)C)C(=O)O	488.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
Lupeol	259846	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Maslinic Acid	73659	Click to see	472.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
Tormentic acid	73193	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C)C2C1(C)O)C)C(=O)O	488.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
Urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-, (3beta)-	220774	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
Urs-12-ene-3,28-diol, (3beta)-	3266408	Click to see	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
Uvaol	92802	Click to see	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins / Cucurbitacin glycosides
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[2-[(2S,5R)-5-[(1S,3R,6S,8S,9S,11R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9,14-dihydroxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]propan-2-yloxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162849626	Click to see CC1(C(CCC23C1C(CC4C2(C3)CCC5(C4(CC(C5C6(CCC(O6)C(C)(C)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)O)C)C)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)OC9C(C(CO9)(CO)O)O)C	947.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4 https://doi.org/10.3989/GYA.1999.V50.I5.678
Delta7-Avenasterol	12795736	Click to see CC=C(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2=CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3989/GYA.1999.V50.I5.678
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol	22012	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
Stigmasterol	5280794	Click to see	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3989/GYA.1999.V50.I5.678
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses
Benzoyl-beta-D-glucoside	12314096	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans / Dibenzofurans
3-Hydroxy-2,4,7-trimethoxydibenzofuran	101928111	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3O2)OC)O)OC	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00128-T
9-Hydroxyeriobofuran	46879746	Click to see	260.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00128-T
Eriobofuran	178939	Click to see	244.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00128-T
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
Scopoletin	5280460	Click to see	192.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50090A004
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol	1203	Click to see	290.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
Epicatechin	72276	Click to see	290.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
(+-)-Naringenin	932	Click to see	272.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
(2R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one	667495	Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O	272.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
(2S)-2',5,5',7-Tetrahydroxyflavanone	11522086	Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)O)O	288.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
5,7-Dihydroxyflavanone	238782	Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3	256.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
5,7,2',5'-Tetrahydroxyflavanone	25073757	Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)O)O	288.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
Naringenin	439246	Click to see	272.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
Pinocembrin	68071	Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3	256.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones / Flavanonols
(+/-)-Taxifolin	471	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)O	304.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Chroman-4-One	662	Click to see	288.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
Aromadendrin	122850	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	288.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
Taxifolin	439533	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)O	304.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Chrysin	5281607	Click to see	254.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-3-O-glycosides
Kuromanin	441667	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	449.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
(2S)-5-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-7-methoxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	14841121	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
(2S)-7-methoxy-2-phenyl-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	163061052	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C(=O)CC(O2)C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=C1)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
(E)-1-(2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)-3-[4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-en-1-one	163093773	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1C(=O)C=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
1-(2,4-Dihydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)-3-[4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-en-1-one	73826563	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	5459939	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	6121316	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	348162	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C(=O)CC(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C(=C1)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
4,2',4'-Trihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone 4-glucoside	21729319	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1C(=O)C=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90428-4
7-hydroxy-2-phenyl-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	162969119	Click to see	416.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
7-Hydroxy-2-phenyl-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	74977424	Click to see	416.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
7,8-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	162928716	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
7,8-Dihydroxy-2-phenyl-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	74977903	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
Pinostrobin 5-glucoside	14841120	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
Sakuranin	73607	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-4-One	5378597	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
Hyperoside	5281643	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
Isoquercetin	5280804	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
Vitamin P	5293655	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
(2R)-2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	163094962	Click to see	450.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50090A004
(2S)-2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	11561476	Click to see	450.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
(2S)-5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-2-phenyl-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	162972215	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C2=C1OC(CC2=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-[[(2S)-2-(3,4-diacetyloxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-7-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl acetate	163188257	Click to see	702.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[[(2S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-7-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate	162884837	Click to see	492.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-[[(2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-7-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate	162884836	Click to see	492.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50090A004
[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-[[(2S)-2-(3,4-diacetyloxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-7-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl acetate	163062019	Click to see	702.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80128-N
[3,4,5-Triacetyloxy-6-[[2-(3,4-diacetyloxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-7-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl acetate	74819391	Click to see	702.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80128-N https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
[6-[[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-7-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate	74819392	Click to see CC(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=O)CC(OC3=C2)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O	492.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
2-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	73007499	Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C4=C(C=CC(=C4)O)O	450.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
Coccinoside A	42607978	Click to see	492.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50090A004
Coccinoside B	42607844	Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C4=C(C=CC(=C4)O)O	450.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50090A004
Dihydrowogonin 7-glucoside	23757169	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
Quercetin 3-galactoside 7-rhamnoside	14130922	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
Quercetin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-rhamnoside	25080064	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-8-O-glycosides
8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	57387655	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=C(C=C(C4=C3OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
8-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	75051926	Click to see	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 5-O-methylated flavonoids
(2R,3R)-3,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	162877750	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC2=C1C(=O)C(C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)O	302.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
3,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	14794882	Click to see	302.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
4'-5-Dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone, 7-O-Methylnaringenin, Naringenin 7-O-methyl ether	348130	Click to see	286.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
Sakuranetin	73571	Click to see	286.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 8-O-methylated flavonoids
Dihydrowogonin	11491431	Click to see	286.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4
S-Dihydrowogonin	10265977	Click to see	286.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85108-4

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Pyracantha coccinea

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