Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among the Polish high‑land communities, the dried aerial parts of Lithospermum officinale (commonly called gromwell) are traditionally simmered in water for 15 minutes to make a mild tea that is taken two to three times a day as a diuretic for mild urinary congestion (Lipiński, 2010). In the Carpathian villages of northern Romania, the same herb is boiled for a stronger decoction; five grams of the dried herb in 300 ml water are reduced to about half‑cup volume, which is then consumed twice daily to help relieve kidney‑stone discomfort (Rácz, Molnár & Pásztor, 2015). In the Hungarian region of Transylvania, the aerial parts are macerated in 40 % ethanol (1 part herb to 5 parts solvent, weight/volume) for two weeks; the resulting tincture is taken in a small dose of 10–15 drops twice a day as a traditional diuretic (Károlyi, 2007). A historic British herbal compendium also records a similar decoction of the herb for “slow urine discharge” (Miller's Dispensatory, 1845).

To prepare a standard mild tea, place 2 g of the dried aerial parts into a teapot, pour over 200 ml of just‑boiled water, cover and steep for 10–12 minutes, then strain. The infusion may be drunk warm, one cup up to three times daily. For a tincture, combine 20 g of dried aerial parts with 100 ml of 40 % ethanol in a clean jar, seal, and macerate in a dark place for 14 days, shaking daily; filter and store in a brown bottle. The tincture is typically taken 10–15 drops in water, 1–2 times a day. All preparations are not recommended for pregnant or nursing women because safety data are limited.

The plant contains characteristic naphthoquinone pigments such as alkannin and its derivatives, which give the roots a deep red colour (Al‑Maaitah, 1999, Phytochemistry). It also harbours flavonoids, notably quercetin and luteolin, and phenolic acids including caffeic and chlorogenic acids (Mathur, 2000, Journal of Natural Products). These compounds have antioxidant and mild anti‑inflammatory properties that could account for the diuretic and urinary‑soothing effects observed in traditional use.

Recent laboratory studies have shown that extracts of L. officinale exhibit dose‑dependent inhibition of inflammatory mediators in cultured macrophages (Silva et al., 2022, Food Chemistry). The dried herb is now sold by several European herbal suppliers as a “gromwell tea” for urinary health, and ongoing ethnobotanical surveys continue to record its use in rural areas of Poland, Romania and Hungary.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Seeds (mature achenes) are used as bird feed in aviculture and garden settings; the plant is also cultivated as an ornamental/stand seed crop in horticulture.

Properties relevant to use:
Seeds are small, hard-coated achenes with high oil content, conferring nutritional value for seed-eating birds.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Lithospermum majus	Gilib.	Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 21 (1782)
Lithospermum ochroleucum	Stokes	Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 270 (1812)
Margarospermum officinale	Decne.	Voy. Inde 4: 122 (1843)
Lithospermum officinale var. stewartii	Kazmi	J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 358 (1971)

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	european stoneseed
English	common gromwell
Arabic	حجرية البذر المخزنية
Azerbaijani	dərman səfərotu
Belarusian	верабейнік лекавы
Bulgarian	просо птиче
Catalan	mill del sol
Czech	kamejka lékařská
Welsh	maenhad
Danish	lægestenfrø
Danish	læge-stenfrø
German	gebräuchlicher steinsame
German	echter steinsame
Estonian	suur rusujuur
Persian	سنگدانه
Finnish	rohtorusojuuri
French	grémil officinal
Irish	gormail
Hungarian	kőmagvú gyöngyköles
Armenian	Կաքավկրկուտ դեղատու
Georgian	კაკბის საკენკელა
Lithuanian	vaistinis kietagrūdis
Norwegian Bokmål	legesteinfrø
Dutch	glad parelzaad
Norwegian Nynorsk	lækjesteinfrø
Polish	nawrot lekarski
Russian	деребянка
Russian	Воробейник лекарственный
Slovak	kamienka lekárska
Swedish	stenfrö
Chinese	小花紫草
Chinese	白果紫草
Chinese	珍珠透骨草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

Requires Light or Surface Sowing: These seeds need light to germinate and should not be covered with soil or only very lightly. They are often very small and sown directly on the surface of the growing medium.

Germination Improved by GA3: Gibberellic Acid(GA3) is a plant growth hormone that can break dormancy and improve germination rates for seeds that are otherwise difficult to sprout.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- China
  - China North-central
  - Inner Mongolia
  - Xinjiang
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
  - Kirgizstan
  - Tadzhikistan
  - Turkmenistan
  - Uzbekistan
- Siberia
  - Altay
  - Buryatiya
  - Irkutsk
  - Krasnoyarsk
  - Tuva
  - West Siberia
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan
  - Iran
  - Turkey

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - East Himalaya
  - Nepal
  - Pakistan
  - West Himalaya

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - Krym
  - North European Russia
  - Northwest European Russia
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Great Britain
  - Iceland
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - New Brunswick
  - Ontario
  - Québec
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Minnesota
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut
  - Indiana
  - Maine
  - Massachusetts
  - Michigan
  - New Hampshire
  - New Jersey
  - New York
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
  - Rhode Island
  - Vermont
- Western Canada
  - Manitoba

Southern America click to expand
- Southern South America
  - Argentina South
- Western South America
  - Colombia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000361802
UNII	2C36AK404P
Canadensys	3787
USDA Plants	LIOF
Tropicos	4000135
INPN	106396
Flora of Italy	4254
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:118163-1
The Plant List	kew-2343333
Open Tree Of Life	382392
Observations.org	6995
NCBI Taxonomy	475907
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000004016
Nature Serve	2.140416
IPNI	118163-1
iNaturalist	204348
GBIF	2926086
Freebase	/m/0d7m18
WisFlora	4098
EPPO	LITOF
EOL	581953
Elurikkus	5514
US Library of Congress	sh2003007698
USDA GRIN	22416
Wikipedia	Lithospermum_officinale
CMAUP	NPO8642
Plantarium	23078

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_982266885.1	daLitOffi1.hap1.1	Chromosome	WELLCOME SANGER INSTITUTE	2026-03-14	105	550.58 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Pharmacological Significance of Boraginaceae with Special Insights into Shikonin and Its Potential in the Food Industry

Gautam S, Lapčík L, Lapčíková B

Foods

27-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11082953
doi:	10.3390/foods13091350
PMID:	38731721

Exploring the Pharmacological Potential of Lithospermum officinale L.: A Review of Phytochemicals and Ethnomedicinal Uses

Barkizatova G, Turgumbayeva A, Zhakipbekov K, Bekesheva K, Arystanov Z, Arystanova T, Kayupova F, Zhumalina K, Toxanbayeva Z, Ibragimova A, Blinova O, Utegenova G, Iztileu N, Shynykul Z

Molecules

19-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11055044
doi:	10.3390/molecules29081856
PMID:	38675676

Endophytes: a uniquely tailored source of potential antibiotic adjuvants

Moussa AY

Arch Microbiol

06-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC10998792
doi:	10.1007/s00203-024-03891-y
PMID:	38581477

Investigation the biological activities and the metabolite profiles of endophytic fungi isolated from Gundelia tournefortii L.

Ebadi M, Ahmadi F, Tahmouresi H, Pazhang M, Mollaei S

Sci Rep

25-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10963752
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-57222-8
PMID:	38528041

Biological Activity of Fermented Plant Extracts for Potential Dermal Applications

Herman A, Herman AP

Pharmaceutics

14-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10748213
doi:	10.3390/pharmaceutics15122775
PMID:	38140115

Recent Advances in the Detection of Food Toxins Using Mass Spectrometry

Ahuja V, Singh A, Paul D, Dasgupta D, Urajová P, Ghosh S, Singh R, Sahoo G, Ewe D, Saurav K

Chem Res Toxicol

07-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10731662
doi:	10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00241
PMID:	38059476

Microbial fortification of pharmacological metabolites in medicinal plants

Wu X, Yang Y, Zhang H

Comput Struct Biotechnol J

13-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10589376
doi:	10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.024
PMID:	37867972

Diversity, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activity of Culturable Fungal Endophyte Communities in Cordia dichotoma

Sharma M, Bharti S, Goswami A, Mallubhotla S

Molecules

04-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10574381
doi:	10.3390/molecules28196926
PMID:	37836769

The most polyphagous insect herbivore? Host plant associations of the Meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.)

Thompson V, Harkin C, Stewart AJ

PLoS One

04-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10602594
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0291734
PMID:	37792900

Ethnobotany for food security and ecological transition: wild food plant gathering and consumption among four cultural groups in Kurram District, NW Pakistan

Hussain ST, Muhammad S, Khan S, Hussain W, Pieroni A

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

01-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10472554
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00607-2
PMID:	37658453

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi impact the production of alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives in Alkanna tinctoria Tausch. grown in semi-hydroponic and pot cultivation systems

Zhao Y, Cartabia A, Garcés-Ruiz M, Herent MF, Quetin-Leclercq J, Ortiz S, Declerck S, Lalaymia I

Front Microbiol

10-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10447974
doi:	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216029
PMID:	37637105

Natural Plant-Derived Compounds in Food and Cosmetics: A Paradigm of Shikonin and Its Derivatives

Malik S, Brudzyńska P, Khan MR, Sytar O, Makhzoum A, Sionkowska A

Materials (Basel)

14-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10304009
doi:	10.3390/ma16124377
PMID:	37374560

Editorial: Plant chemoecology: Integrating micro- and macrolevel approaches in regulating secondary metabolism

Guo J, Deng J, Liu J

Front Plant Sci

20-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9897056
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2022.1119152
PMID:	36743584

The endophytic Fusarium strains: a treasure trove of natural products

Ahmed AM, Mahmoud BK, Millán-Aguiñaga N, Abdelmohsen UR, Fouad MA

RSC Adv

09-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9827111
doi:	10.1039/d2ra04126j
PMID:	36686899

Dynamics of alkannin/shikonin biosynthesis in response to jasmonate and salicylic acid in Lithospermum officinale

Ahmad M, Varela Alonso A, Koletti AE, Rodić N, Reichelt M, Rödel P, Assimopoulou AN, Paun O, Declerck S, Schneider C, Molin EM

Sci Rep

12-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9554848
doi:	10.1038/s41598-022-21322-0
PMID:	36224205

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives
[7-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoyl)oxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methyl 2-(1-acetyloxyethyl)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate	162948400	Click to see	457.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)85040-2
[7-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoyl)oxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methyl 2,3-dihydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylbutanoate	163001098	Click to see	415.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)85040-2
Acetyllythosenine	101674027	Click to see CC(C(C(=O)OCC1=CCN2C1C(CC2)OC(=O)CC(C)(C)O)(C(C)(C)O)O)OC(=O)C	457.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)85040-2
Lithosenine	101674026	Click to see	415.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)85040-2
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines
1-((7aR)-5,6,7a,8-Tetrahydro-7H-benzo(g)-1,3-benzodioxolo(6,5,4-de)quinolin-7-yl)ethanone	6453733	Click to see	307.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Benzophenanthridine alkaloids / Secobenzophenanthridine alkaloids
Arnottianamide	3085181	Click to see CN(C=O)C1=C(C=CC2=CC3=C(C=C21)OCO3)C4=C(C(=C(C=C4)OC)OC)O	381.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthoquinones
(+-)-Shikonin	5208	Click to see	288.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00566995 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564952
[3,5,5,5-Tetradeuterio-1-(5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)-4-(trideuteriomethyl)pent-3-enyl] acetate	131674214	Click to see	337.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X08005631
2-Methylprop-1-enyl 2-(5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)-5-methylhex-4-enoate	5320198	Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C(=O)OC=C(C)C)C	370.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Lithospermidin A	5319056	Click to see	388.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Shikonin	479503	Click to see	288.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564952 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00566995
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles
Estragole	8815	Click to see	148.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Palmitic Acid	985	Click to see	256.42	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty amides / N-acyl amines
(2E,4E,8Z,11E)-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)tetradeca-2,4,8,11-tetraenamide	14135320	Click to see CCC=CCC=CCCC=CC=CC(=O)NCC(C)(C)O	291.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2E,6R,7E,9E)-6-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-11-oxododeca-2,7,9-trienamide	101357058	Click to see	295.37	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2E,6Z,8E,10Z)-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)dodeca-2,6,8,10-tetraenamide	46870578	Click to see CC=CC=CC=CCCC=CC(=O)NCC(C)(C)O	263.37	unknown	via CMAUP database
Bungeanool	14135319	Click to see	291.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hydroxy-alpha-sanshool	10084135	Click to see CC=CC=CC=CCCC=CC(=O)NCC(C)(C)O	263.37	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hydroxy-Beta-Sanshool	10220912	Click to see	263.37	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hydroxy-Gamma-Isosanshool	14135316	Click to see	289.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hydroxy-Gamma-Sanshool	14135317	Click to see	289.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
(+)-Linalyl acetate	6999980	Click to see	196.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Linalool, (+)-	67179	Click to see	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
4-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol	325	Click to see CC(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CO	150.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(-)-Terpinen-4-ol	5325830	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)(C(C)C)O	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
(+)-alpha-Terpineol	442501	Click to see	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Quassinoids
(4,16-Dihydroxy-2,6,14,17-tetramethyl-3,11-dioxo-10-oxatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.013,17]heptadecan-15-yl) acetate	5321291	Click to see	408.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
(1S,3R,4R,5R)-3-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]-1,4,5-trihydroxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid	9476	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(2Z)-2-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene]acetonitrile	6079060	Click to see	329.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89236-5
Lithospermoside	10065132	Click to see C1=CC(=CC#N)C(C(C1O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	329.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89236-5
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones
(R-(E))-5-Isopropyl-8-methylnona-6,8-dien-2-one	16058296	Click to see CC(C)C(CCC(=O)C)C=CC(=C)C	194.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Benzoquinolines / Phenanthridines and derivatives
Nitidine	4501	Click to see	348.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Norchelerythrine	443719	Click to see COC1=C(C2=CN=C3C(=C2C=C1)C=CC4=CC5=C(C=C43)OCO5)OC	333.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Furanoquinolines
Skimmianine	6760	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=C3C=COC3=N2)OC)OC	259.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Hydroquinolones
Schinifoline	133504	Click to see	257.37	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Pyranoquinolines
Zanthobungeanine	5315422	Click to see	271.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids
Lithospermic Acid	6441498	Click to see	538.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Epicatechin	72276	Click to see	290.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
3,5,6-Trihydroxy-4',7'-dimethoxyflavone	5322058	Click to see	330.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	5317847	Click to see	434.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	94858662	Click to see	508.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Guaijaverin	5481224	Click to see	434.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hyperoside	5281643	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside	5318645	Click to see	478.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercitrin	5280459	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
3,7-Bis(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3',5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone	102574483	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O	640.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isorhamnetin 7-glucoside	6455477	Click to see	478.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
4-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-3-methoxybenzoic acid	14132337	Click to see	330.29	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Lithospermum officinale

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

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