Lithospermum officinale

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Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia
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Table of Contents
Details Top
Internal ID | UUID643ff451871af925966354 |
Scientific name | Lithospermum officinale |
Authority | L. |
First published in | Sp. Pl. : 132 (1753) |
Description Top
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No description added yet. Help us by writing one.
Synonyms Top
Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
---|---|---|
Lithospermum majus | Gilib. | Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 21 (1782) |
Lithospermum ochroleucum | Stokes | Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 270 (1812) |
Margarospermum officinale | Decne. | Voy. Inde 4: 122 (1843) |
Lithospermum officinale var. stewartii | Kazmi | J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 358 (1971) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!Language | Common/alternative name |
---|---|
English | european stoneseed |
English | common gromwell |
Arabic | حجرية البذر المخزنية |
Azerbaijani | dərman səfərotu |
Belarusian | верабейнік лекавы |
Bulgarian | просо птиче |
Catalan | mill del sol |
Czech | kamejka lékařská |
Welsh | maenhad |
Danish | lægestenfrø |
Danish | læge-stenfrø |
German | gebräuchlicher steinsame |
German | echter steinsame |
Estonian | suur rusujuur |
Persian | سنگدانه |
Finnish | rohtorusojuuri |
French | grémil officinal |
Irish | gormail |
Hungarian | kőmagvú gyöngyköles |
Armenian | Կաքավկրկուտ դեղատու |
Georgian | კაკბის საკენკელა |
Lithuanian | vaistinis kietagrūdis |
Norwegian Bokmål | legesteinfrø |
Dutch | glad parelzaad |
Norwegian Nynorsk | lækjesteinfrø |
Polish | nawrot lekarski |
Russian | деребянка |
Russian | Воробейник лекарственный |
Slovak | kamienka lekárska |
Swedish | stenfrö |
Chinese | 小花紫草 |
Chinese | 白果紫草 |
Chinese | 珍珠透骨草 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment. |
Requires Light or Surface Sowing: These seeds need light to germinate and should not be covered with soil or only very lightly. They are often very small and sown directly on the surface of the growing medium. |
Germination Improved by GA3: Gibberellic Acid(GA3) is a plant growth hormone that can break dormancy and improve germination rates for seeds that are otherwise difficult to sprout. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
-
China
- China North-central
- Inner Mongolia
- Xinjiang
-
Middle Asia
- Kazakhstan
- Kirgizstan
- Tadzhikistan
- Turkmenistan
- Uzbekistan
-
Siberia
- Altay
- Buryatiya
- Irkutsk
- Krasnoyarsk
- Tuva
- West Siberia
-
Western Asia
- Afghanistan
- Iran
- Turkey
-
Caucasus
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- East Himalaya
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- West Himalaya
-
Indian Subcontinent
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- Baltic States
- Belarus
- Central European Russia
- East European Russia
- Krym
- North European Russia
- Northwest European Russia
- South European Russia
- Ukraine
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Hungary
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Switzerland
-
Northern Europe
- Denmark
- Finland
- Great Britain
- Iceland
- Ireland
- Norway
- Sweden
-
Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Romania
- Sicilia
- Turkey-in-Europe
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- Baleares
- Corse
- France
- Portugal
- Sardegna
- Spain
-
Eastern Europe
-
Northern America click to expand
-
Eastern Canada
- New Brunswick
- Ontario
- Québec
-
North-central U.S.A.
- Illinois
- Minnesota
- Wisconsin
-
Northeastern U.S.A.
- Connecticut
- Indiana
- Maine
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New York
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- Vermont
-
Western Canada
- Manitoba
-
Eastern Canada
-
Southern America click to expand
-
Southern South America
- Argentina South
-
Western South America
- Colombia
-
Southern South America
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!Database | ID/link to page |
---|---|
World Flora Online | wfo-0000361802 |
UNII | 2C36AK404P |
Canadensys | 3787 |
USDA Plants | LIOF |
Tropicos | 4000135 |
INPN | 106396 |
Flora of Italy | 4254 |
KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:118163-1 |
The Plant List | kew-2343333 |
Open Tree Of Life | 382392 |
Observations.org | 6995 |
NCBI Taxonomy | 475907 |
NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000004016 |
Nature Serve | 2.140416 |
IPNI | 118163-1 |
iNaturalist | 204348 |
GBIF | 2926086 |
Freebase | /m/0d7m18 |
WisFlora | 4098 |
EPPO | LITOF |
EOL | 581953 |
Elurikkus | 5514 |
US Library of Congress | sh2003007698 |
USDA GRIN | 22416 |
Wikipedia | Lithospermum_officinale |
CMAUP | NPO8642 |
Plantarium | 23078 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
> Alkaloids and derivatives | |||||
[7-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoyl)oxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methyl 2-(1-acetyloxyethyl)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate | 162948400 | Click to see CC(C(C(=O)OCC1=CCN2C1C(CC2)OC(=O)CC(C)(C)O)(C(C)(C)O)O)OC(=O)C | 457.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)85040-2 |
[7-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoyl)oxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methyl 2,3-dihydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylbutanoate | 163001098 | Click to see CC(C(C(=O)OCC1=CCN2C1C(CC2)OC(=O)CC(C)(C)O)(C(C)(C)O)O)O | 415.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)85040-2 |
Acetyllythosenine | 101674027 | Click to see CC(C(C(=O)OCC1=CCN2C1C(CC2)OC(=O)CC(C)(C)O)(C(C)(C)O)O)OC(=O)C | 457.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)85040-2 |
Lithosenine | 101674026 | Click to see CC(C(C(=O)OCC1=CCN2C1C(CC2)OC(=O)CC(C)(C)O)(C(C)(C)O)O)O | 415.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)85040-2 |
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines | |||||
N-acetylanonaine | 6453733 | Click to see CC(=O)N1CCC2=CC3=C(C4=C2C1CC5=CC=CC=C54)OCO3 | 307.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Benzophenanthridine alkaloids / Secobenzophenanthridine alkaloids | |||||
Arnottianamide | 3085181 | Click to see CN(C=O)C1=C(C=CC2=CC3=C(C=C21)OCO3)C4=C(C(=C(C=C4)OC)OC)O | 381.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthoquinones | |||||
[(E)-1-(5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)-4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enyl] 2-methylbutanoate | 5319056 | Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC(C=CC(C)(C)O)C1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O | 388.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
[3,5,5,5-Tetradeuterio-1-(5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)-4-(trideuteriomethyl)pent-3-enyl] acetate | 131674214 | Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)OC(=O)C)C | 337.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X08005631 |
2-Methylprop-1-enyl 2-(5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)-5-methylhex-4-enoate | 5320198 | Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C(=O)OC=C(C)C)C | 370.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
C.I. Natural Red 20 | 5208 | Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)O)C | 288.29 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564952 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00566995 |
Shikonin | 479503 | Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)O)C | 288.29 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564952 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00566995 |
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles | |||||
Estragole | 8815 | Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CC=C | 148.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids | |||||
Palmitic Acid | 985 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 256.42 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty amides / N-acyl amines | |||||
(2E,4E,8E,10E,12E)-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)tetradeca-2,4,8,10,12-pentaenamide | 14135316 | Click to see CC=CC=CC=CCCC=CC=CC(=O)NCC(C)(C)O | 289.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
(2E,4E,8Z,11E)-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)tetradeca-2,4,8,11-tetraenamide | 14135320 | Click to see CCC=CCC=CCCC=CC=CC(=O)NCC(C)(C)O | 291.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
(2E,4E,8Z,11Z)-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)tetradeca-2,4,8,11-tetraenamide | 14135319 | Click to see CCC=CCC=CCCC=CC=CC(=O)NCC(C)(C)O | 291.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
(2E,6R,7E,9E)-6-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-11-oxododeca-2,7,9-trienamide | 101357058 | Click to see CC(=O)C=CC=CC(CCC=CC(=O)NCC(C)(C)O)O | 295.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
(2E,6Z,8E,10Z)-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)dodeca-2,6,8,10-tetraenamide | 46870578 | Click to see CC=CC=CC=CCCC=CC(=O)NCC(C)(C)O | 263.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Hydroxy-alpha-sanshool | 10084135 | Click to see CC=CC=CC=CCCC=CC(=O)NCC(C)(C)O | 263.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Hydroxy-Beta-Sanshool | 10220912 | Click to see CC=CC=CC=CCCC=CC(=O)NCC(C)(C)O | 263.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Hydroxy-gamma-Sanshool | 14135317 | Click to see CC=CC=CC=CCCC=CC=CC(=O)NCC(C)(C)O | 289.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
(+)-Linalyl acetate | 6999980 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)OC(=O)C)C | 196.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Linalool, (+)- | 67179 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids | |||||
4-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol | 325 | Click to see CC(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CO | 150.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids | |||||
(-)-Terpinen-4-ol | 5325830 | Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)(C(C)C)O | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
(+)-alpha-Terpineol | 442501 | Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(C)(C)O | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Quassinoids | |||||
(4,16-Dihydroxy-2,6,14,17-tetramethyl-3,11-dioxo-10-oxatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.013,17]heptadecan-15-yl) acetate | 5321291 | Click to see CC1CC(C(=O)C2(C1CC3C4(C2C(C(C(C4CC(=O)O3)C)OC(=O)C)O)C)C)O | 408.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
Beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives | |||||
(1S,3R,4R,5R)-3-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]-1,4,5-trihydroxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid | 9476 | Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O | 354.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds | |||||
(2Z)-2-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene]acetonitrile | 6079060 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC#N)C(C(C1O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O | 329.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89236-5 |
Lithospermoside | 10065132 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC#N)C(C(C1O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O | 329.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89236-5 |
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones | |||||
(R-(E))-5-Isopropyl-8-methylnona-6,8-dien-2-one | 16058296 | Click to see CC(C)C(CCC(=O)C)C=CC(=C)C | 194.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Benzoquinolines / Phenanthridines and derivatives | |||||
Nitidine | 4501 | Click to see C[N+]1=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2C3=C1C4=CC5=C(C=C4C=C3)OCO5)OC)OC | 348.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Norchelerythrine | 443719 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=CN=C3C(=C2C=C1)C=CC4=CC5=C(C=C43)OCO5)OC | 333.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Furanoquinolines | |||||
Skimmianine | 6760 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=C3C=COC3=N2)OC)OC | 259.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Hydroquinolones | |||||
Schinifoline | 133504 | Click to see CCCCCCCC1=CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1C | 257.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Pyranoquinolines | |||||
Zanthobungeanine | 5315422 | Click to see CC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C3=C(C(=CC=C3)OC)N(C2=O)C)C | 271.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids | |||||
Lithospermic acid | 6441498 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1CC(C(=O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=C3C(C(OC3=C(C=C2)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)C(=O)O)O)O | 538.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins | |||||
Epicatechin | 72276 | Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O | 290.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols | |||||
3,5,6-Trihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone | 5322058 | Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)O)O)O | 330.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Quercetin | 5280343 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)O | 302.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 5317847 | Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O | 434.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 94858662 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O | 508.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Guaijaverin | 5481224 | Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O | 434.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Hyperoside | 5281643 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 464.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside | 5318645 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O | 478.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Quercitrin | 5280459 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O | 448.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Rutin | 5280805 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 610.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides | |||||
3,7-Bis(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3',5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone | 102574483 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O | 640.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Isorhamnetin 7-glucoside | 6455477 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O | 478.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins | |||||
4-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-3-methoxybenzoic acid | 14132337 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O | 330.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
In private collections | 0 |
In public collections | 0 |