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Malus domestica

Malus domestica - Unknown
Part: Unknown
Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia
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Table of Contents

Details
Description
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Biological Material
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64403fe3b5add793300456
Scientific name Malus domestica
Authority (Suckow) Borkh.
First published in Theor. Prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 2: 1272 (1803)

Description Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Pyrus malus var. mitis Wallr. Schedulae criticae ; 1822 215 1822
Pyrus malus L. Sp. Pl. : 479 (1753)
Pyrus malus var. paradisiaca L. Sp. Pl. : 479 (1753)
Malus frutescens Medik. Gesch. Bot. : 78 (1793)
Malus batavica Poit. & Turpin Pomol. Franç. 4: Pommier n.º 44 (1846)
Malus astracanica hort. ex Dum.Cours. Bot. Cult. 5: 426 (1811)
Malus dioica (Moench) Medik. Gesch. Bot. : 78 (1793)
Malus dolichomorpha Juz. Fl. URSS 9: 366 (1939)
Malus domestica subsp. pumila (Mill.) Likhonos Kul't. Fl. SSSR 14: 69 (1983)
Pyrus astracanica DC. Prodr. 2: 635 (1825)
Pyrus dioica Moench Verz. Ausländ. Bäume : 87 (1785)
Pyrus niedzwetzkyana Hemsl. Bot. Mag. 130: t. 7975 (1904)
Pyrus pumila (Mill.) Steud. Nomencl. Bot. : 671 (1821)
Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana (Dieck) Langenf. Daildarznieciba 8: 15 (1971)
Malus domestica subsp. caucasica Likhonos Trudy Prikl. Bot. 46(2): 21 (1972)
Malus domestica subsp. hybrida Likhonos Trudy Prikl. Bot. 46(2): 16 (1972)
Malus domestica subsp. intermedia Likhonos Trudy Prikl. Bot. 46(2): 10 (1972)
Malus domestica subsp. macrocarpa Likhonos Trudy Prikl. Bot. 46(2): 15 (1972)
Malus domestica subsp. medio-asiatica Likhonos Trudy Prikl. Bot. 46(2): 22 (1972)
Malus domestica subsp. occidentali-europaea Likhonos Trudy Prikl. Bot. 46(2): 19 (1972)
Malus domestica subsp. rossica Likhonos Trudy Prikl. Bot. 46(2): 12 (1972)
Malus sylvestris subsp. paradisiaca (L.) Soó Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 9: 423 (1963)
Malus sylvestris var. dasyphylla (Borkh.) Ponomar. Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 146: 4 (1992)
Pyrus malus var. prasomila L. Sp. Pl. : 479 (1753)
Malus domestica var. dasyphylla (Borkh.) Langenf. Daildarznieciba 8: 17 (1971)
Malus sieversii var. persicifolia (Popov) Ponomar. Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 62: 827 (1977)
Malus sylvestris var. praecox (Pall.) Ponomar. Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 62: 824 (1977)
Malus domestica var. calvillea Likhonos Kul't. Fl. SSSR 14: 65 (1983)
Malus domestica var. parmaenea Likhonos Kul't. Fl. SSSR 14: 65 (1983)
Malus domestica var. renettea Likhonos Kul't. Fl. SSSR 14: 64 (1983)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English apple tree
Spanish manzano
Amharic ቱፋሕ
Arabic شجرة التفاح
Azerbaijani mədəni alma ağacı
Belarusian яблыня дамашняя
Belarusian яблына
Belarusian яблана
Bulgarian домашна ябълка
Tibetan ཀུ་ཤུ།
bpy আপেল
Catalan pomera comuna
cdo bìng-guō
Czech jabloň domácí
Danish almindelig æble
German apfelbaum
diq dara sayer
Esperanto doma maluso
Estonian aed-õunapuu
Estonian õunapuu
Basque sagarrondo
Finnish tarhaomenapuu
French pommier commun
French pommier domestique
frr aapelbuum
Irish abhaill
Irish crann úll
Galician maceira
Swiss German kulturapfel
Manx ooyl
Upper Sorbian zahrodna jabłučina
Hungarian nemes alma
Italian melo
Japanese 西洋林檎
Japanese セイヨウリンゴ
Japanese リンゴ
jv apel
Korean 개량사과나무
ku sêv
Cornish aval
lad mansano
li appel
lld pom de èlber
lld pom
lld mëil
lld lën da mëiles
Latvian Ābele
mn Алим
nah manzanacuahuitl
nan phōng-kó-chhiū
nap mir
Norwegian Bokmål eple
Norwegian Bokmål hageeple
nds huusappel
nds Äppelboom
Nepali स्याउ
Norwegian Nynorsk dyrka eple
Norwegian Nynorsk epletre
Norwegian Nynorsk hageeple
Norwegian Nynorsk apal
oc pomièr
Oromo miilloo madaqoo
os Хæдзарон фæткъуы
pam mansanas
Polish jabłoń domowa
Pashto مڼه
Portuguese macieira
Quechua mansana
Russian яблоня домашня
Russian домашняя яблоня
Samogitian vuobelės
Serbo-Croatian jabuka
Sinhala ඇපල්
Slovak jabloň domáca
Slovenian jabolko
Slovenian jablana
Serbian Домаћа јабука
Swedish Äppelträd
Telugu ఆపిల్
tk medeni alma
tt йорт алмагачы
Ukrainian Яблуня домашня
Uzbek olma
vec pomaro
vro uibu
Chinese 苹果
Chinese 蘋果樹

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
    • China
      • Inner Mongolia
      • Xinjiang
    • Eastern Asia
      • Korea
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
      • Kirgizstan
      • Tadzhikistan
      • Turkmenistan
      • Uzbekistan
    • Western Asia
      • Afghanistan
      • Cyprus
      • Iraq
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • East Himalaya
      • Nepal
      • Pakistan
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States
      • Belarus
      • Central European Russia
      • East European Russia
      • Krym
      • South European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Finland
      • Great Britain
      • Ireland
      • Norway
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Romania
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares
      • France
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick
      • Newfoundland
      • Nova Scotia
      • Ontario
      • Prince Edward Island
      • Québec
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Iowa
      • Kansas
      • Minnesota
      • Missouri
      • Nebraska
      • North Dakota
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Indiana
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Hampshire
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Rhode Island
      • Vermont
      • West Virginia
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado
      • Montana
      • Oregon
      • Wyoming
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Arkansas
      • Delaware
      • District Of Columbia
      • Georgia
      • Kentucky
      • Louisiana
      • Maryland
      • Mississippi
      • North Carolina
      • South Carolina
      • Tennessee
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • California
      • Nevada
      • Utah
    • Subarctic America
      • Alaska
    • Western Canada
      • British Columbia
      • Manitoba
  • Southern America
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
      • Argentina South
    • Western South America
      • Ecuador

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001008355
UNII 04W636S1V3
Canadensys 20142
Tropicos 27804420
INPN 107207
Flora of Italy 2175
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:726282-1
The Plant List rjp-454
PFAF Malus domestica
Open Tree Of Life 3902985
Observations.org 123770
NCBI Taxonomy 3750
IPNI 726282-1
iNaturalist 469472
GBIF 3001244
EPPO MABSD
Elurikkus 5629
USDA GRIN 104681
Wikipedia Malus_domestica

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCF_002114115.1 ASM211411v1 Chromosome IRHS 2017-05-03 700.0x 670.40 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Phylogenomic profiles of whole-genome duplications in Poaceae and landscape of differential duplicate retention and losses among major Poaceae lineages Zhang T, Huang W, Zhang L, Li DZ, Qi J, Ma H Nat Commun 17-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11024178
doi:10.1038/s41467-024-47428-9
PMID:38632270
An inexpensive moist chamber culture technique for finding microbiota on live tree bark Bordelon AP, Keller HW, Scarborough AR Appl Plant Sci 16-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11022227
doi:10.1002/aps3.11578
Impact of different storage conditions with combined use of ethylene blocker on ‘Shalimar’ apple variety Khera K, Büchele F, Wood RM, Thewes FR, Wagner R, Hagemann MH, Neuwald DA Sci Rep 11-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11009402
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57688-6
PMID:38605100
Upcycling fruit waste into microalgae biotechnology: Perspective views and way forward Lee A, Lan JC, Jambrak AR, Chang JS, Lim JW, Khoo KS Food Chem (Oxf) 09-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11021955
doi:10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100203
PMID:38633725
Origin, evolution, and diversification of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinases in plants and animals Xiong T, Zhang Z, Fan T, Ye F, Ye Z BMC Genomics 08-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11000326
doi:10.1186/s12864-024-10257-7
PMID:38589807
SmEIL1 transcription factor inhibits tanshinone accumulation in response to ethylene signaling in Salvia miltiorrhiza Li X, Xu M, Zhou K, Hao S, Li L, Wang L, Zhou W, Kai G Front Plant Sci 02-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11018959
doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1356922
PMID:38628367
Phytochemical composition of Lagenaria siceraria fruits from KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo, South Africa Buthelezi LG, Mavengahama S, Sibiya J, Mchunu CN, Ntuli NR Food Chem X 30-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11016956
doi:10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101338
PMID:38623516
Agriculture along the upper part of the Middle Zarafshan River during the first millennium AD: A multi-site archaeobotanical analysis Mir-Makhamad B, Lurje P, Parshuto V, Pulotov A, Aminov F, Shenkar M, Saidov M, Semenov N, Kurbanov S, Mirzaakhmedov S, Rakhmanov K, dal Martello R, Spengler R III PLoS One 28-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10977675
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0297896
PMID:38547085
Optimization of flavanonols heterologous biosynthesis in Streptomyces albidoflavus, and generation of auronols Magadán-Corpas P, Ye S, Braune A, Villar CJ, Lombó F Front Microbiol 28-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11007074
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1378235
PMID:38605703
Mechanism of action of microRNA166 on nitric oxide in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under drought stress Wei B, Wang Y, Ruan Q, Zhu X, Wang X, Wang T, Zhao Y, Wei X BMC Genomics 28-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10976769
doi:10.1186/s12864-024-10095-7
PMID:38549050
Revisiting decade-old questions in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis: current understanding and new challenges Lu N Front Plant Sci 26-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11002137
doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1373975
PMID:38595764
Integrative physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analysis reveals the drought responses of two apple rootstock cultivars Li X, Liu Y, Hu W, Yin B, Liang B, Li Z, Zhang X, Xu J, Zhou S BMC Plant Biol 26-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10964572
doi:10.1186/s12870-024-04902-2
PMID:38532379
Function and regulation of plant ARGONAUTE proteins in response to environmental challenges: a review Zaheer U, Munir F, Salum YM, He W PeerJ 26-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10979746
doi:10.7717/peerj.17115
PMID:38560454
Functional characterization of Capsicum chinense vanillin aminotransferase: Detection of vanillylamine-forming activity from vanillin Kato Y, Nomura T Biochem Biophys Rep 25-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10987797
doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101692
PMID:38571553
Identification and functional analysis of the LEAFY gene in longan flower induction Jue D, Li Z, Zhang W, Tang J, Xie T, Sang X, Guo Q BMC Genomics 25-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10962150
doi:10.1186/s12864-024-10229-x
PMID:38528464

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives
Benzaldehyde 240 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=O 106.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyl alcohols
Benzyl Alcohol 244 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CO 108.14 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
Eugenol 3314 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CC=C)O 164.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Dodecane 8182 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCC 170.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
Hexadecane 11006 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 226.44 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters
Propyl palmitate 75232 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCC 298.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Fatty acid methyl esters
Methyl butyrate 12180 Click to see CCCC(=O)OC 102.13 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Palmitic Acid 985 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O 256.42 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohol esters
Geranyl acetate 1549026 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCOC(=O)C)C)C 196.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
3-Hexen-1-ol 10993 Click to see CCC=CCCO 100.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Linalool, (+/-)- 6549 Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
p-CYMENE 7463 Click to see CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)C 134.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
alpha-PINENE 6654 Click to see CC1=CCC2CC1C2(C)C 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
beta-Ionone 638014 Click to see CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)C=CC(=O)C 192.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acid derivatives / Carboxylic acid esters
Cyclohexyl acetate 12146 Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 142.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
Hexyl acetate 8908 Click to see CCCCCCOC(=O)C 144.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Amines / Primary amines / Monoalkylamines
1,4-Diaminobutane 1045 Click to see C(CCN)CN 88.15 unknown https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.119.1.70
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Amines / Secondary amines / Dialkylamines
Spermidine 1102 Click to see C(CCNCCCN)CN 145.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.119.1.70
Spermine 1103 Click to see C(CCNCCCN)CNCCCN 202.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.119.1.70
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
Chlorogenic Acid 1794427 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 354.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00056A057
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Medium-chain aldehydes
Decanal 8175 Click to see CCCCCCCCCC=O 156.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones / Enones
Damascenone 5366074 Click to see CC=CC(=O)C1=C(C=CCC1(C)C)C 190.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00038A021
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamaldehydes
3-Phenyl-propenal 307 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC=O 132.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Caffeic Acid 689043 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)O)O)O 180.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(96)00287-7
https://doi.org/10.1080/01483918808076763
p-Coumaric acid 637542 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC(=O)O)O 164.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/01483918808076763
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
Procyanidin B2, (+)- 122738 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079208018822
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00684-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Cianidanol 9064 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O 290.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(92)90223-O
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavan-3-ols
Flavan-3-ol 3707243 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC=CC=C21)C3=CC=CC=C3)O 226.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(92)90223-O
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Avicularin 5490064 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 434.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00048A016
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(96)00287-7
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Phenylpropanoic acids
3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid 10394 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCC(=O)O)O 166.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(92)90223-O

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Collections Top

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