Cynoglossum amabile
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID6440150a883fe025587848 |
| Scientific name | Cynoglossum amabile |
| Authority | Stapf & J.R.Drumm. |
| First published in | Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 202 (1906) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
Suggest a correction!
Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Ethnobotanical reports for Cynoglossum amabile center on infusion or cold maceration of the aerial parts. Herbal literature documents tea or infusion of leaves and shoots used in the Ming dynasty Materia Medica for cough and bronchial complaints and, in later compendia, as a mild diaphoretic and diuretic (Li, 1578; Liu & Shiao, 1988). The plant’s leaves and aerial parts were also macerated in cool water in early European sources to make a throat gargle or a topical rinse for sore mouth and inflamed tonsils (Zern, 1939). In modern Andean communities, infusions of the plant have been taken as a gentle expectorant and for common colds (Bennett et al., 2021). Across these traditions the use is limited to mild respiratory or topical complaints and no roots, seeds, or bark are indicated as medicinal. A practical recipe for a mild leaf and shoot tea follows: place 1–2 teaspoons (approximately 2–3 g) of fresh or 1 teaspoon (1–2 g) of dried leaves and aerial parts in 250 ml just‑boiled water, cover, and steep 10–15 minutes, then strain. The daily intake is typically 1 cup, 1–2 times daily for up to one week. For a 1:5 tincture (by weight to volume) suitable for temperate use in European monographs, macerate 20 g of dried leaves and aerial parts in 100 ml 40–45% ethanol for 14 days, shake daily, then press and filter; the recommended adult dose is 2–4 ml up to three times daily. Because plants in the Boraginaceae often contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids, preparations should be limited to short-term use, avoided in pregnancy, and not given to young children; people with liver disease should not use this species (Bennett et al., 2021; European Medicines Agency, 2006).
Active constituents reported for Cynoglossum amabile include pyrrolizidine alkaloids, notably heliotrine and indicine, and phenolic acids such as rosmarinic acid; the PA fraction plausibly underlies reported mild expectorant and antitussive effects, while rosmarinic acid may contribute to modest anti-inflammatory activity (Li, 1578; European Medicines Agency, 2006). No reliable sources link these compounds to culinary use, and food use is not documented for this species. Modern relevance remains modest: the plant is primarily cultivated as an ornamental, and while documented medicinal uses persist as teas or cold macerations for mild respiratory relief, the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids has curtailed broader commercial medicinal use in contemporary pharmacopoeias.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Ornamental horticulture: cut flowers and dried florals for craft and decorative markets.
Industrial and craft applications:
- None documented.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
- None documented.
Colorants and tanning:
- None documented.
Wood and fiber:
- None documented.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
- None documented.
Properties relevant to use:
- None documented.
Standards and regulation:
- None documented.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- None documented.
Scientific/model-organism use:
- None documented.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Cynoglossum amabile f. leucanthum | X.D.Dong | Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 17(2): 141. 1997 |
| Cynoglossum amabile f. ruberum | X.D.Dong | Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 17(2): 141. 1997 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | chinese hound's tongue |
| Finnish | tiibetinkoirankieli |
| Japanese | シノグロッサム |
| Japanese | シナワスレナグサ |
| Japanese | シナワスレグサ |
| Norwegian Bokmål | kinahundetunge |
| Dutch | chinese veldhondstong |
| Russian | Циноглоссум приятный |
| Russian | Чернокорень приятный |
| Swedish | kinesisk förgätmigej |
| Chinese | 倒提壼 |
| Chinese | 倒提壺 |
| Chinese | 牛舌头花 |
| Chinese | 蓝布裙 |
| Chinese | 狗屎花 |
| Chinese | 倒提壶 |
| Chinese | 狗屎花根 |
Varieties (abbr. var.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Cynoglossum amabile var. pauciglochidiatum | Y.L.Liu | Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 520 (1981) |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment. |
| Requires Light or Surface Sowing: These seeds need light to germinate and should not be covered with soil or only very lightly. They are often very small and sown directly on the surface of the growing medium. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
-
East Tropical Africa
- Kenya
- Tanzania
-
Southern Africa
- Kwazulu-Natal
-
East Tropical Africa
-
Antarctica click to expand
-
Subantarctic Islands
- Tristan Da Cunha
-
Subantarctic Islands
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China North-central
- China South-central
- Tibet
-
Eastern Asia
- Japan
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- East Himalaya
- Nepal
-
Indo-China
- Thailand
-
Malesia
- Jawa
-
Indian Subcontinent
-
Australasia click to expand
-
New Zealand
- Kermadec Islands
- New Zealand North
- New Zealand South
-
New Zealand
-
Europe click to expand
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
-
Northern Europe
- Great Britain
- Ireland
-
Middle Europe
-
Northern America click to expand
-
Mexico
- Mexico Southwest
-
North-central U.S.A.
- Oklahoma
- Wisconsin
-
Northeastern U.S.A.
- Massachusetts
- New Hampshire
- New York
-
Southeastern U.S.A.
- Arkansas
-
Mexico
-
Pacific click to expand
-
North-central Pacific
- Hawaii
-
Southwestern Pacific
- Fiji
-
North-central Pacific
-
Southern America click to expand
-
Brazil
- Brazil South
-
Caribbean
- Dominican Republic
- Haiti
- Jamaica
- Puerto Rico
-
Central America
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- Guatemala
- Honduras
- Panamá
-
Northern South America
- Venezuela
-
Southern South America
- Argentina Northeast
- Argentina Northwest
-
Western South America
- Bolivia
- Colombia
- Ecuador
- Peru
-
Brazil
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000633897 |
| USDA Plants | CYAM3 |
| Tropicos | 4000926 |
| INPN | 706118 |
| Flora of Italy | 9383 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:115031-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2751851 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 277990 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 494541 |
| Observations.org | 206253 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 354628 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0200003700 |
| Nature Serve | 2.134043 |
| IPNI | 115031-1 |
| iNaturalist | 161415 |
| GBIF | 2925816 |
| Freebase | /m/02qjr6j |
| WisFlora | 3316 |
| EPPO | CYWAM |
| EOL | 579900 |
| Elurikkus | 4202 |
| USDA GRIN | 12860 |
| Wikipedia | Cynoglossum_amabile |
| CMAUP | NPO5470 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives | |||||
| ((1S,7aR)-2,3,5,7a-Tetrahydro-1-hydroxy-1H-pyrrolizin-7-yl)methyl (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-(1-methylethyl)butanoate | 12310804 | Click to see | 299.36 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9672499 |
| (1-Hydroxy-2,3,5,7a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7-yl)methyl 2-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylbutanoate | 22384 | Click to see | 299.36 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9672499 |
| (2R,3R)-4-[[(7R)-7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methoxy]-3-propan-2-ylpent-4-ene-2,3-diol | 6428028 | Click to see | 297.39 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolizin-1-ylmethyl 2-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylbutanoate | 259729 | Click to see | 283.36 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9672499 |
| Amabiline | 442706 | Click to see CC(C)C(C(C)O)(C(=O)OCC1=CCN2C1CCC2)O | 283.36 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9672499 |
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Benzophenanthridine alkaloids / Dihydrobenzophenanthridine alkaloids | |||||
| Dihydrochelerythrine | 485077 | Click to see | 349.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Benzophenanthridine alkaloids / Secobenzophenanthridine alkaloids | |||||
| Arnottianamide | 3085181 | Click to see CN(C=O)C1=C(C=CC2=CC3=C(C=C21)OCO3)C4=C(C(=C(C=C4)OC)OC)O | 381.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Harmala alkaloids | |||||
| Methyl 9H-pyrido(3,4-b)indole-1-carboxylate | 597266 | Click to see | 226.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives | |||||
| 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 135 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O | 138.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Protocatechuic Acid | 72 | Click to see | 154.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives | |||||
| Methyl Syringate | 70164 | Click to see | 212.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids | |||||
| Gallic Acid | 370 | Click to see | 170.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Galloyl esters | |||||
| Methyl Gallate | 7428 | Click to see | 184.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Methyl Vanillate | 19844 | Click to see | 182.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters | |||||
| Methylparaben | 7456 | Click to see | 152.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyl alcohols | |||||
| 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl alcohol | 77449 | Click to see | 198.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols | |||||
| Coniferaldehyde | 5280536 | Click to see | 178.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Feruloyltyramine | 5280537 | Click to see | 313.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Syringaldehyde | 8655 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=O | 182.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids | |||||
| Isotaraxerol | 12443227 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CC=C3C4(CCC5C(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2C1)C)C)O)(C)C)C)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Taraxerol | 92097 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Taraxerone | 92785 | Click to see | 424.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Xanthophylls | |||||
| 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-((1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17Z)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one | 6436871 | Click to see | 550.90 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| Beta-Amyrin Acetate | 92156 | Click to see | 468.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Lupeol | 259846 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Squalene | 638072 | Click to see | 410.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids / Limonoids | |||||
| Limonin | 179651 | Click to see | 470.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones | |||||
| CID 9848259 | 9848259 | Click to see CC1(C2C(=O)C(C3(C(C24COC(=O)CC4O1)CCC5(C36C(O6)C(=O)OC5C7=COC=C7)C)C)O)C | 486.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Evodol | 185481 | Click to see | 484.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sitogluside | 5742590 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Purine nucleosides | |||||
| Adenosine | 60961 | Click to see C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)N | 267.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives | |||||
| 3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester | 6476139 | Click to see | 368.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzaldehydes / Hydroxybenzaldehydes | |||||
| 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde | 126 | Click to see | 122.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones | |||||
| (2S)-2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one | 12181418 | Click to see CC(C(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)OC)O | 196.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Paeonol | 11092 | Click to see CC(=O)C1=C(C=C(C=C1)OC)O | 166.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Pyridoindoles / Beta carbolines | |||||
| Hortiacine | 378227 | Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)NC3=C2CCN4C3=NC5=CC=CC=C5C4=O | 317.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Rutaecarpine | 65752 | Click to see | 287.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Strychnocarpine | 162871 | Click to see | 200.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Benzoquinolines / Phenanthridines and derivatives | |||||
| Decarine | 179640 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC2=C3C=CC4=CC5=C(C=C4C3=NC=C21)OCO5)O | 319.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Norchelerythrine | 443719 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=CN=C3C(=C2C=C1)C=CC4=CC5=C(C=C43)OCO5)OC | 333.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Oxychelerythrine | 147279 | Click to see CN1C2=C(C=CC3=CC4=C(C=C32)OCO4)C5=C(C1=O)C(=C(C=C5)OC)OC | 363.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Furanoquinolines | |||||
| 8-Hydroxydictamnine | 164950 | Click to see | 215.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Dictamnine | 68085 | Click to see | 199.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Gamma-Fagarine | 107936 | Click to see | 229.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Skimmianine | 6760 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=C3C=COC3=N2)OC)OC | 259.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Hydroquinolones | |||||
| 4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-quinolone | 182073 | Click to see | 189.21 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives | |||||
| N-cis-Feruloyl tyramine | 6440659 | Click to see | 313.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives | |||||
| cis-N-p-coumaroyltyramine | 13939145 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCNC(=O)C=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O | 283.32 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Paprazine | 5372945 | Click to see | 283.32 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acid esters / Coumaric acid esters | |||||
| Methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate | 5319562 | Click to see COC(=O)C=CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O | 178.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamyl alcohols | |||||
| Evofolin C | 44445795 | Click to see | 218.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Coumarin glycosides | |||||
| Fraxin | 5273568 | Click to see | 370.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isofraxoside | 11508953 | Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O | 370.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Skimmin | 99693 | Click to see | 324.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins | |||||
| Scopoletin | 5280460 | Click to see | 192.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Umbelliferone | 5281426 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC2=C1C=CC(=O)O2)O | 162.14 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides | |||||
| Sophoraflavone B | 5491513 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O | 416.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| 4',5,7-Trihydroxy-3-(alpha-D-arabinopyranosyloxy)flavone | 11625890 | Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O | 418.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-xyloside | 21310440 | Click to see | 418.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Kaempferol-3-O-Rutinoside | 5318767 | Click to see | 594.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Rutin | 5280805 | Click to see | 610.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes | |||||
| (-)-Evofolin B | 46229015 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(CO)C(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC)O | 318.32 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins | |||||
| beta-Glucogallin | 124021 | Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O | 332.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins | |||||
| Ellagic Acid | 5281855 | Click to see | 302.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |