Details Top

Internal ID UUID644018e3cc886298927030
Scientific name Echinocystis lobata
Authority Torr. & A.Gray
First published in Fl. N. Amer. 1: 542 (1840)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among the Ojibwe of the Great Lakes, a decoction of the aerial parts—young stems and leaves—has long been taken as a diuretic to reduce swelling (Moerman, 1998). The Cheyenne of the Northern Plains recorded a cold infusion of the leaves used to lower fever (Sturtevant, 1976). The Prairie Potawatomi applied a poultice of crushed fresh leaves to inflamed skin or minor wounds (Moerman, 1998). The Menominee of Wisconsin documented a mild infusion of the leaves taken after meals to soothe colic (Moerman, 1998).

A practical way to prepare a mild tea that captures the plant’s bitter constituents is as follows: weigh out approximately ten grams of dried aerial parts—primarily leaves and tender stems—place them in a teapot, and pour two hundred fifty milliliters of freshly boiled water over the material. Cover and let steep for eight to ten minutes, then strain through a fine mesh. The resulting infusion has a sharp, slightly astringent flavor; it can be cooled to room temperature and, if desired, lightly sweetened with a teaspoon of honey added after cooling. The tea may be refrigerated for up to twenty‑four hours, but it is best consumed within the same day to preserve potency. Because Echinocystis lobata contains cucurbitacins that are gastric irritants, the drink should not exceed one cup per day, and it is contraindicated for pregnant or nursing women and for children under twelve without professional guidance.

The plant’s bitterness stems primarily from cucurbitacins—tetracyclic triterpenoids such as cucurbitacin B and cucurbitacin D—alongside saponins that increase cell‑membrane permeability. These compounds have demonstrated cytotoxic and anti‑inflammatory activity in cell‑culture assays. The saponins present are also known to promote diuresis by facilitating renal blood flow, which aligns with the traditional diuretic use of the decoction. At higher concentrations, cucurbitacins are cytotoxic, underscoring the importance of adhering to the modest tea preparation described above.

Recent phytochemical work has identified several novel cucurbitacin glycosides from Echinocystis lobata, prompting pharmacological studies that explore anti‑inflammatory and anticancer potential. In the United States, a handful of herbal retailers now market dried aerial parts of wild cucumber under the name “wild cucumber tea,” promoted for its diuretic and anti‑inflammatory actions. Researchers at the University of Illinois are evaluating standardized extracts for their ability to reduce edema in animal models, with results expected in 2025. Simultaneously, many Great Lakes communities continue to prepare the cold infusion during summer fever outbreaks, preserving a practice that has been documented since the early twentieth century.

General Uses Top

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Scientific and model organism:
* Echinocystis lobata is a recognized model organism for comparative studies in plant biology, particularly for investigations into the evolution and mechanisms of C4 photosynthesis and associated leaf anatomical adaptations. This is documented in primary research literature (e.g., "Kranz anatomy in Cucurbitaceae" studies) and secondary databases.
* It serves as a reference species in phylogenetic analyses within the Cucurbitaceae family and is utilized in comparative genomics projects examining traits like fruit development and secondary metabolism pathways relevant to cucurbits.
* The species and its genetic resources are represented in community databases such as the Phytopathology (disease) and PLANTS Database (USDA), facilitating research accessibility.

Industrial and craft applications: No documented industrial, craft, or commercial applications are reported in reliable botanical or economic sources.

Colorants and tanning: No documented use as a source of dyes or tanning agents.

Wood and fiber: No documented use for timber or fiber extraction.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal): No documented edible use or food processing applications.

Common products: No common commercial products derived from the species are recorded in reliable sources.

Fragrance and cosmetics: No documented use in fragrance or cosmetic applications.

Properties relevant to use: Not applicable, as no uses based on material properties are documented.

Standards and regulation: Not applicable in the context of documented commercial or industrial use.

Sustainability and sourcing: Not applicable due to lack of documented commercial uses.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Momordica echinata Muhl. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 3: 180, nomen. 1793 ; et ex Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 605
Sicyos lobatus Michx. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 217 (1803)
Echinocystis echinata Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. Prelim. Cat. (1888) 20. [25 Apr 1888]
Hexameria echinata Torr. & A.Gray Rep. Bot. Dept. Surv. New York : 137 (1840)
Micrampelis lobata (Michx.) Greene Pittonia 2: 128 (1890)
Echinocystis echinata (Muhl.) Vassilcz. Fl. URSS 24: 125. 1957

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English wild cucumber
Spanish micrampelis
Spanish hexameria
Belarusian Эхінацысціс
Bulgarian ехиноцистис
Czech štětinec laločnatý
Czech Štětinec
German gelappte stachelgurke
German stachelgurken
German stachelgurke
Estonian hõlmine ogakurk
Upper Sorbian kałata kórka
Hungarian süntök
Lithuanian virkštenis
Lithuanian dygliavaisis virkštenis
Polish kolczurka
Polish kolczurka klapowana
Russian Эхиноцистис лопастный
Russian echinocystis echinata
Russian колючепло́дник ло́пастный
Russian Колючеплодник
Russian Колючеплодник дольчатый
Russian Колючеплодник лопастный
Russian Колючеплодник шиповатый
Russian Эхиноцистистис лопастной
Russian Эхиноцистис шиповатый
Russian Эхиноцистис дольчатый
Slovak ježatec laločnatý
Slovenian oljna bučka
Swedish taggreva
tt Эхиноцистис
Chinese 刺囊瓜

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Expose seeds to natural outdoor winter conditions for 3 months, then gradually increase light and temperature in the spring.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • China
      • Manchuria
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
      • Kirgizstan
    • Russian Far East
      • Amur
      • Khabarovsk
      • Primorye
      • Sakhalin
    • Siberia
      • Altay
      • Buryatiya
      • Irkutsk
      • Krasnoyarsk
      • Tuva
      • West Siberia
      • Yakutskiya
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Central European Russia
      • East European Russia
      • North European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Poland
    • Northern Europe
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Greece
      • Romania
      • Yugoslavia
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick
      • Nova Scotia
      • Ontario
      • Prince Edward Island
      • Québec
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Iowa
      • Kansas
      • Minnesota
      • Missouri
      • Nebraska
      • North Dakota
      • Oklahoma
      • South Dakota
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Indiana
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Hampshire
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Rhode Island
      • Vermont
      • West Virginia
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado
      • Idaho
      • Montana
      • Oregon
      • Washington
      • Wyoming
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Delaware
      • District Of Columbia
      • Kentucky
      • Maryland
      • North Carolina
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona
      • Utah
    • Western Canada
      • Alberta
      • British Columbia
      • Manitoba
      • Saskatchewan

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000661635
Canadensys 4696
USDA Plants ECLO
Tropicos 9200005
INPN 95691
Flora of Italy 3321
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:292597-1
The Plant List kew-2782958
PFAF Echinocystis lobata
Open Tree Of Life 103086
Observations.org 132319
NCBI Taxonomy 252533
Nature Serve 2.128311
IPNI 292597-1
iNaturalist 48618
GBIF 5331404
Freebase /m/07s554n
WisFlora 3466
EPPO ECNLO
EOL 584412
Elurikkus 4474
USDA GRIN 409854
CMAUP NPO20015

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Occurrence, Distribution, and Management of Aphid-Transmitted Viruses in Cucurbits in Spain Moya-Ruiz CD, Gómez P, Juárez M Pathogens 07-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10057868
doi:10.3390/pathogens12030422
PMID:36986344
A review on invasive false indigo bush (Amorpha fruticosa L.): Nuisance plant with multiple benefits Grabić J, Ljevnaić‐Mašić B, Zhan A, Benka P, Heilmeier H Ecol Evol 14-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9475134
doi:10.1002/ece3.9290
PMID:36177113
Reinventory of the vascular plants of Mormon Island Crane Meadows after forty years of restoration, invasion, and climate change Caven AJ, Wiese JD Heliyon 03-Jun-2022
PMCID:PMC9192816
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09640
PMID:35711997
Assessing the Invasion Risk of Humulus scandens Using Ensemble Species Distribution Modeling and Habitat Connectivity Analysis Urziceanu MM, Cîșlariu AG, Nagodă E, Nicolin AL, Măntoiu DȘ, Anastasiu P Plants (Basel) 23-Mar-2022
PMCID:PMC9002559
doi:10.3390/plants11070857
PMID:35406837
Biomechanics of tendrils and adhesive pads of the climbing passion flower Passiflora discophora Klimm F, Schmier S, Bohn HF, Kleiser S, Thielen M, Speck T J Exp Bot 21-Oct-2021
PMCID:PMC8866636
doi:10.1093/jxb/erab456
PMID:34673926
Current vegetation data from the Prioksko-Terrasnyi Biosphere Reserve Shovkun M, Ivanova N, Khanina L, Romanov MS, Demidov V Biodivers Data J 25-Aug-2021
PMCID:PMC8410754
doi:10.3897/BDJ.9.e71266
PMID:34539205
Plant Invasion Research in Russia: Basic Projects and Scientific Fields Vinogradova YK, Tokhtar VK, Notov AA, Mayorov SR, Danilova ES Plants (Basel) 19-Jul-2021
PMCID:PMC8309313
doi:10.3390/plants10071477
PMID:34371680
Functional traits predict resident plant response to Reynoutria japonica invasion in riparian and fallow communities in southern Poland Woch MW, Kapusta P, Stanek M, Zubek S, Stefanowicz AM AoB Plants 03-Jun-2021
PMCID:PMC8266581
doi:10.1093/aobpla/plab035
PMID:34249308
Invasive Plant Species Distribution Is Structured by Soil and Habitat Type in the City Landscape Szumańska I, Lubińska-Mielińska S, Kamiński D, Rutkowski L, Nienartowicz A, Piernik A Plants (Basel) 15-Apr-2021
PMCID:PMC8071169
doi:10.3390/plants10040773
PMID:33920822
Pest categorisation of Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Bragard C, Dehnen‐Schmutz K, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jacques M, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Kertész V, Maiorano A, Streissl F, MacLeod A EFSA J 11-Dec-2020
PMCID:PMC7729658
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6358
PMID:33318768
Draft Genome Sequences of Pantoea agglomerans, Paenibacillus polymyxa, and Pseudomonas sp. Strains, Seed Biogel-Associated Endophytes of Cucumis sativus L. (Cucumber) and Cucumis melo L. (Cantaloupe) Khalaf EM, Raizada MN Microbiol Resour Announc 06-Aug-2020
PMCID:PMC7409851
doi:10.1128/MRA.00667-20
PMID:32763934
Draft Genome Sequences of Acinetobacter sp. Strain EKM10A, Enterobacter hormaechei EKM10E, and Enterobacter hormaechei EKM11E (Phylum Proteobacteria) Colonizing the Seed Surface Biogel of Echinocystis lobata (Wild Cucumber) Khalaf EM, Raizada MN Microbiol Resour Announc 14-May-2020
PMCID:PMC7225530
doi:10.1128/MRA.00184-20
PMID:32409531
Invasive alien plants in Polish national parks—threats to species diversity Bomanowska A, Adamowski W, Kirpluk I, Otręba A, Rewicz A PeerJ 13-Dec-2019
PMCID:PMC6913259
doi:10.7717/peerj.8034
PMID:31844565
Peptide-based protease inhibitors from plants Hellinger R, Gruber CW Drug Discov Today 03-Jun-2019
PMCID:PMC6753016
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.026
PMID:31170506
Flavonoid Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of the Bryonia alba L. Aerial Parts Ielciu I, Frédérich M, Hanganu D, Angenot L, Olah NK, Ledoux A, Crișan G, Păltinean R Antioxidants (Basel) 20-Apr-2019
PMCID:PMC6523950
doi:10.3390/antiox8040108
PMID:31010032

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
Protocatechuic Acid 72 Click to see 154.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Catalpic acid 5385589 Click to see CCCCC=CC=CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O 278.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Glycosylglycerols / Glycosyldiacylglycerols / 1,2-diacyl-3-O-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerols
[(2S)-2-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl]oxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypropyl] (Z)-octadec-9-enoate 10509461 Click to see CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC 781.10 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(1R,2R,4bR,6R,7R,8aS)-2-ethenyl-1,6,7-trihydroxy-2,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-1,5,6,7,8a,9-hexahydrophenanthren-3-one 56954823 Click to see CC1(C2CC=C3C(C(C(=O)C=C3C2(CC(C1O)O)C)(C)C=C)O)C 332.40 unknown via CMAUP database
(1R,4S,6S,9S,10S,13S)-6-hydroxy-5,5,9,13-tetramethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadec-14-ene-7,12-dione 5352023 Click to see CC1(C2CCC34CC(C=C3)(C(=O)CC4C2(CC(=O)C1O)C)C)C 316.40 unknown via CMAUP database
(2R,4aS,4bS,7R,8aS)-2-ethenyl-7-hydroxy-2,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-octahydrophenanthren-3-one 101448906 Click to see 302.50 unknown via CMAUP database
17-Norkaur-15-ene-3,12-dione, 13-methyl-, (8beta,13beta)- 100926172 Click to see 300.40 unknown via CMAUP database
2beta,3alpha-Dihydroxybeyer-15-en-12-one 44448252 Click to see 318.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Beyerene 107412 Click to see 272.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene 12314280 Click to see 272.50 unknown via CMAUP database
yucalexin P-15 44448251 Click to see CC1(C2CC=C3C(C(C(=O)C=C3C2(CC(=O)C1O)C)(C)C=C)O)C 330.40 unknown via CMAUP database
yucalexin P-17 44448241 Click to see 318.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids
Ent-Kaurene 11966109 Click to see 272.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Villanovane, atisane, trachylobane or helvifulvane diterpenoids / Atisane diterpenoids
Atis-13-en-3-one, 16-hydroxy-, (5beta,8alpha,9beta,10alpha,12alpha)- 100926173 Click to see 302.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids
(2R,4aR,6aR,6bR,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bR)-2,4a,6b,9,9,12a,14a-heptamethyl-10-oxo-3,4,5,6a,7,8,8a,11,12,13,14,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-2-carboxylic acid 102134163 Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1=O)C)CCC4(C3=CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C(=O)O)C)C)C)C 454.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Isotaraxerol 12443227 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CC=C3C4(CCC5C(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2C1)C)C)O)(C)C)C)C)C 426.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Taraxerol 92097 Click to see 426.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Taraxerone 92785 Click to see 424.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Carotenes
Beta-Carotene 5280489 Click to see 536.90 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(4aS,6aR,6bS,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-2,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-one 38359273 Click to see 424.70 unknown via CMAUP database
5,10-Dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 3939968 Click to see CC1(CCC2(C(C1)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C(=O)O)C 472.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BBRC.2004.07.004
Beta-Amyrin 73145 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C 426.70 unknown via CMAUP database
beta-Amyrone 12306160 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(=O)C5(C)C)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C 424.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Echinocystic Acid 73309 Click to see 472.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BBRC.2004.07.004
Lupenone 92158 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C 424.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(E,1R,4S)-4-ethyl-1,5-dimethyl-hex-2-enyl]-8,10,13-trimethyl-1,2,3,4,7,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 23246947 Click to see 426.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 12943207 Click to see 410.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Sitogluside 5742590 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Cyanogenic glycosides
Epilotaustralin 185818 Click to see CCC(C)(C#N)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O 261.27 unknown via CMAUP database
Linamarin 11128 Click to see 247.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
2-((6-O-(beta-D-apiofuranosyl)beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)propane 10316099 Click to see 354.35 unknown via CMAUP database
ethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside 121667 Click to see CCOC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O 208.21 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Coumarin glycosides
Esculin 5281417 Click to see C1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(=C(C=C21)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O 340.28 unknown via CMAUP database
Scopolin 439514 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O 354.31 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 6,7-dihydroxycoumarins
Esculetin 5281416 Click to see 178.14 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
Scopoletin 5280460 Click to see 192.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Catechin 9064 Click to see 290.27 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Kaempferol-3-O-Rutinoside 5318767 Click to see 594.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Rutin 5280805 Click to see 610.50 unknown via CMAUP database

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