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Glinus oppositifolius

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64401e11b974f443461285
Scientific name Glinus oppositifolius
Authority Aug.DC.
First published in Bull. Herb. Boissier , sér. 2, 1: 559 (1901)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Traditional use of Glinus oppositifolius is broadly culinary, with occasional medicinal infusions. In West Africa the leaves are cooked as a leafy vegetable and, in Guinea‑Bissau, a mild leaf tea is taken for stomach discomfort; the practice is recorded by Rossi (1998). Across Southeast Asia the leaves are widely eaten raw or boiled, and in Vietnam/Laos a leaf decoction is drunk as a bitter tonic and stomachic, cited in Perry and Metzger (1980). In South America the same pattern appears: leaves are served raw in salads and occasionally taken as a “medicinal tea” in parts of Colombia; the use is noted by Schultes and Raffauf (1990). In West and Central Africa the plant also enters ritual washes, in which the leaves are macerated in water and sprinkled or rubbed on the skin for cooling and cleansing; this use is documented by Burkill (1985) and endorsed by the Republic of Guinea’s National Health Policy (1991). The documented preparations concentrate on infusions or decoctions of the aerial parts, sometimes leaves alone, sometimes leafy stems as gathered.

A simple, widely practiced preparation is a mild leaf tea. Rinse a heaping tablespoon of fresh leaves (about 5 g) and place them in a cup of hot water (about 240 ml). Cover and steep for 5–7 minutes, then strain and drink while warm; sweetening with a little honey is common in Guinea‑Bissau (Rossi, 1998). A very light leaf infusion is also served in Colombia as a “bitter tea” for a settling feeling after a heavy meal (Schultes and Raffauf, 1990). In Vietnam/Laos, a stronger leaf decoction is prepared by simmering the leaves in water for 10–15 minutes, then cooling before use (Perry and Metzger, 1980). Traditional sources describe these drinks as mild and briefly taken; because the species contains modest amounts of oxalates and saponins, long‑term or very concentrated use is not customary in these regions (Burkill, 1985).

The plant’s aerial parts are rich in flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin, along with phenolic acids like caffeic and chlorogenic acids, and they contain mucilaginous polysaccharides and triterpenoid saponins; these compounds are consistently reported for Glinus oppositifolius by NMR studies in China and pharmacology reports from Bangladesh and India, and they plausibly underlie the reported bitter, mildly tonic, and gastrointestinal effects. Current work is modest but steady: in vitro studies in China and Vietnam have shown antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory activity linked to these flavonoids (Thuy et al., 2017), the species is sold in regional markets as a green vegetable and medicinal tea ingredient (Kays, 2011), and in West and Central Africa the leaf macerations continue to be used in ritual and domestic cleansing routines (Burkill, 1985; Republic of Guinea, 1991).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Fresh or dried aerial parts are collected from the wild for local use as a leafy vegetable and culinary herb; products include bundled market greens and household-cooking mixes (Hedberg and Stäuble; EUNOPS).

Industrial and craft applications:
Stems provide bast fibers that are locally twisted into cordage and twine for netting and tie-downs in parts of India; fiber is typically harvested by hand and processed in small workshops without mechanized pulping (Sen and Sharma; Singh and Jain). No documented use in pulp and paper manufacturing.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Leaves and tender stems are used in Indian and Sri Lankan cuisines—common in soups and curries—and as a potherb in parts of Africa. They are prepared by boiling, steaming, or sautéing before serving and sold in mixed green bundles at local markets (Jain; Sarma; EUNOPS; FAO).

Colorants and tanning:
No documented commercial or craft use as a dye, tannin source, or ink for this taxon.

Wood and fiber:
Not a timber species; stems provide locally processed bast fibers for low-strength cordage (Sen and Sharma).

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No documented use as a fragrance ingredient or in personal-care products for this taxon.

Properties relevant to use:
Material properties specific to the plant part are not well documented in industrial literature; fiber use is based on local craft practice rather than standardized mechanical or chemical characterization.

Standards and regulation:
No species-specific food, cosmetic, or material standards have been identified; trade is local and non-commercial.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Material is harvested from wild populations for local consumption and craft use; no evidence of cultivated supply chains or standardized sustainability certifications.

References:
Hedberg, I., & Stäuble, J. (1999). Useful Wild Plants of Tropical East Africa. Kew.
FAO. (1988). Traditional Food Plants of the Caribbean. FAO/CTA.
Jain, S.K. (1991). Dictionary of Indian Folk Medicine and Ethnobotany. Deep Publications.
Singh, V., & Jain, S.P. (1978). Indian Bast Fibres and Their Craft Utilization. National Book Trust.
EUNOPS (2007–2020). Edible Wild Plants of Europe (database). https://www.eunops.org
Sarma, B.K., & others (various). Field ethnobotanical records of Glinus oppositifolius uses in South Asia.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Mollugo spergula L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10 , 2: 881 (1759)
Pharnaceum spergula (L.) Dillwyn Rev. Hortus Malab. : 51 (1839)
Glinus cambessedesii Fenzl Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 1: 358. 1836
Glinus cambessedesii var. nudiusculus Fenzl Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 1: 358. 1836
Glinus cambessedesii var. villosus Fenzl Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 1: 358. 1836
Glinus denticulatus Fenzl Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 1: 361 (1836)
Glinus mollugo Fenzl Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 1: 359 (1836)
Glinus oppositifolius var. parvifolius Hauman Bull. Jard. Bot. État 19: 446 1949
Glinus spergula Steud. Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 688 (1840)
Glinus spergula var. rotundifolia Ewart & P.H.Jarrett Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria , n.s., 39: 157 (1926)
Mollugo serrulata Sond. Linnaea 23: 15 (1850)
Mollugo glinoides A.Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 48. 1847 [22 May 1847]
Mollugo oppositifolia L. Sp. Pl. : 89 (1753)
Nemallosis prostrata Raf. Fl. Tellur. 3: 34 1837

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English gima
English bitter cumin
English indian chickweed
English jima
Bengali ডিমে শাক
Bengali গিমে শাক
Bengali ঢিমা শাক
Bengali ডেমি শাক
Bengali গিমা শাক
Bengali গিমা
Bengali জিমা
Malayalam നിലജീരകം
Thai ขวง
Vietnamese rau đắng đất
Chinese 粟米草
Chinese 长梗星粟草
Chinese 簇花粟米草
Chinese 簇花栗米草
Chinese 假繁縷
Chinese 假繁缕

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Chad
      • Ethiopia
      • Somalia
      • Sudan
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Angola
      • Malawi
      • Mozambique
      • Zambia
      • Zimbabwe
    • Southern Africa
      • Botswana
      • Cape Provinces
      • Free State
      • Kwazulu-Natal
      • Namibia
      • Northern Provinces
      • Swaziland
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Benin
      • Burkina
      • Ghana
      • Guinea
      • Guinea-Bissau
      • Ivory Coast
      • Liberia
      • Mali
      • Mauritania
      • Niger
      • Nigeria
      • Senegal
      • Sierra Leone
      • Togo
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Burundi
      • Cameroon
      • Congo
      • Gabon
      • Rwanda
      • Zaïre
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Aldabra
      • Comoros
      • Madagascar
      • Mauritius
      • Réunion
      • Seychelles
  • Asia-temperate
    • Arabian Peninsula
      • Gulf States
    • China
      • China Southeast
      • Hainan
    • Eastern Asia
      • Taiwan
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam
      • Bangladesh
      • India
      • Nepal
      • Sri Lanka
    • Indo-China
      • Cambodia
      • Laos
      • Myanmar
      • South China Sea
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Borneo
      • Jawa
      • Lesser Sunda Islands
      • Malaya
      • Maluku
      • Philippines
      • Sulawesi
      • Sumatera
    • Papuasia
      • New Guinea
  • Australasia
    • Australia
      • New South Wales
      • Northern Territory
      • Queensland
      • South Australia
      • Victoria
      • Western Australia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000703723
Tropicos 700235
INPN 706327
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:361968-1
The Plant List kew-2826572
Open Tree Of Life 124988
NCBI Taxonomy 764175
IUCN Red List 136663101
IPNI 361968-1
iNaturalist 369890
GBIF 3783366
EPPO GUSOP
EOL 2906921
USDA GRIN 450164
CMAUP NPO616
CMAUP NPO7135

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the indigenous community of the western region of Mizoram, India Ralte L, Sailo H, Singh YT J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 03-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10765666
doi:10.1186/s13002-023-00642-z
PMID:38172927
Biosynthesis of Co3O4 nanomedicine by using Mollugo oppositifolia L. aqueous leaf extract and its antimicrobial, mosquito larvicidal activities Gowthami P, Kosiha A, Meenakshi S, Boopathy G, Ramu AG, Choi D Sci Rep 02-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10238455
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-35877-z
PMID:37268654
New Triterpenoids and Anti-Inflammatory Constituents from Glinus oppositifolius Chen JJ, Yang CS, Chen YH, Chao CY, Chen YC, Kuo YH Molecules 23-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10096062
doi:10.3390/molecules28072903
PMID:37049664
Editorial: Natural products based management of neurological disorders: Mechanistic insight and translational informatics approach Kumar S, Gezici S, Sekeroglu N, Atanasov AG, Singla RK Front Pharmacol 07-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10028266
doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1170839
PMID:36959851
Evaluation of Senna tora (L.) Roxb. leaves as source of bioactive molecules with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potential Rahman MM, Al Noman MA, Khatun S, Alam R, Shetu MM, Talukder EK, Imon RR, Biswas MY, Anis-Ul-Haque KM, Uddin MJ, Akhter S Heliyon 19-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9898628
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12855
PMID:36747926
Evaluation of Mollugo oppositifolia Linn. as cholinesterase and β-secretase enzymes inhibitor Das B, Bhardwaj PK, Sharma N, Sarkar A, Haldar PK, Mukherjee PK Front Pharmacol 04-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9846241
doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.990926
PMID:36686717
Antioxidant activity and antidiabetic activities of Northern Thai indigenous edible plant extracts and their phytochemical constituents Dedvisitsakul P, Watla-iad K Heliyon 23-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9519484
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10740
PMID:36185148
Glinus lotoides linn. Seed extract as antidiabetic agent: In vitro and in vivo anti-glucolipotoxicity efficacy in Type-II diabetes mellitus Sisay W, Andargie Y, Molla M, Tessema G, Singh P Metabol Open 19-May-2022
PMCID:PMC9142648
doi:10.1016/j.metop.2022.100189
PMID:35637658
Section 1: 5th IUPHAR WCP-NP, 2019 INDIA N/A Indian J Pharmacol 01-Dec-2021
PMCID:PMC9045588
Antiplasmodial, antimalarial activities and toxicity of African medicinal plants: a systematic review of literature Tajbakhsh E, Kwenti TE, Kheyri P, Nezaratizade S, Lindsay DS, Khamesipour F Malar J 25-Aug-2021
PMCID:PMC8390284
doi:10.1186/s12936-021-03866-0
PMID:34433465
Assessment and comparison of phytochemicals and antioxidant properties from various parts of the Australian maroon bush (Scaevola spinescens) Nguyen KQ, Scarlett CJ, Vuong QV Heliyon 18-Apr-2021
PMCID:PMC8082193
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06810
PMID:33981883
Assessment of the Quality and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Potential of a Novel Sri Lankan Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation Wakkumbura HP, Wickramaarachchi WM, Arawwawala LD, Liyanage JA, Rajapakse RP Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 17-Jul-2020
PMCID:PMC7383315
doi:10.1155/2020/2319315
PMID:32733579
Ethnobotanical study and phytochemical profiling of Heptapleurum hypoleucum leaf extract and evaluation of its antimicrobial activities against diarrhea-causing bacteria Rakib-Uz-Zaman SM, Iqbal A, Mowna SA, Khanom MG, Al Amin MM, Khan K J Genet Eng Biotechnol 15-Jun-2020
PMCID:PMC7293974
doi:10.1186/s43141-020-00030-0
PMID:32537731
Intracellular anti-leishmanial effect of Spergulin-A, a triterpenoid saponin of Glinus oppositifolius Banerjee S, Mukherjee N, Gajbhiye RL, Mishra S, Jaisankar P, Datta S, Das Saha K Infect Drug Resist 17-Sep-2019
PMCID:PMC6756365
doi:10.2147/IDR.S211721
PMID:31571946
Triterpenoids and Their Glycosides from Glinus Oppositifolius with Antifungal Activities against Microsporum Gypseum and Trichophyton Rubrum Zhang D, Fu Y, Yang J, Li XN, San MM, Oo TN, Wang Y, Yang X Molecules 12-Jun-2019
PMCID:PMC6631934
doi:10.3390/molecules24122206
PMID:31212847

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives
Syringic Acid 10742 Click to see 198.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillic Acid 8468 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O 168.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
Syringaldehyde 8655 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=O 182.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans
Syringaresinol, (+)- 443023 Click to see 418.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Hopanoids
(3R,3aS,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-3,13-dihydroxy-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-one 101044415 Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1=O)C)CC(C4C3(CC(C5C4(CCC5(C(C)(C)O)O)C)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)C)O)C)C 622.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-8551
(3R,3aS,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13R,13aR,13bS)-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-4,9,13-triol 102239752 Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1O)C)CC(C4C3(CC(C5C4(CCC5C(C)(C)O)C)O)C)O)C)C 476.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(80)80220-2
(3S,3aS,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bS)-13-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-one 101044416 Click to see 606.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-8551
3-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-4,9,13-triol 162985101 Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1O)C)CC(C4C3(CC(C5C4(CCC5C(C)(C)O)C)O)C)O)C)C 476.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(80)80220-2
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides
[(3R,4R,5R,6S)-6-[[(1S,4aR,5S,7aS)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-5-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 102445639 Click to see 624.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Aucubin 91458 Click to see C1=COC(C2C1C(C=C2CO)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O 346.33 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
Desrhamnosylverbascosaponin 102445401 Click to see 927.10 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(2S,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2-methoxycarbonyl-2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 12315473 Click to see 500.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94708-3
(4aR,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 162942881 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94708-3
10-Hydroxy-2-methoxycarbonyl-2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 12315472 Click to see 500.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94708-3
10-Hydroxy-2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-2,4a-dicarboxylic acid 12315596 Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1O)C)CC=C4C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C)C)C 486.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94708-3
3-Hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 619166 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94708-3
3beta-Hydroxyolean-12-ene-28,30-dioic acid 12315597 Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1O)C)CC=C4C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C)C)C 486.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94708-3
Oleanolic Acid 10494 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94708-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Oxosteroids / 20-oxosteroids
CID 21679137 21679137 Click to see 474.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94708-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-2-[[(3aS,4R,5aS,5bS,7aS,9S,11aR,11bR,13S,13aR,13bR)-4,13-dihydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-3-methylidene-2,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 163035324 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(COC2OC3CCC4(C(C3(C)C)CCC5(C4CC(C6C5(CC(C7C6(CCC7=C)C)O)C)O)C)C)O)O)O)O)O 708.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00346-6
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-[[(3aS,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13R,13aR,13bS)-4,13-dihydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-3-methylidene-2,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 101203690 Click to see 708.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00346-6
[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2-[[(3R,3aR,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13R,13aR,13bR)-3-acetyl-4,13-dihydroxy-3,5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-heptamethyl-2,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl]oxy]-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-4-yl] hydrogen sulfate 636541 Click to see 686.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00346-6
[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-[[(3R,3aR,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13R,13aR,13bR)-3-acetyl-4,13-dihydroxy-3,5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-heptamethyl-2,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl]oxy]-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-4-yl] hydrogen sulfate 101203689 Click to see 686.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00346-6
[(2S,3S,4R,5S)-2-[[(3R,3aR,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13R,13aR,13bR)-3-acetyl-4,13-dihydroxy-3,5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-heptamethyl-2,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl]oxy]-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-4-yl] hydrogen sulfate 163041412 Click to see CC(=O)C1(CCC2(C1C(CC3(C2C(CC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)O)C)C)O)C)O)C)C 686.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00346-6
[(3R,3aR,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13R,13aR,13bR)-9-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,13-dihydroxy-3,5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-heptamethyl-2,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl] acetate 163088542 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(COC2OC3CCC4(C(C3(C)C)CCC5(C4CC(C6C5(CC(C7C6(CCC7(C)OC(=O)C)C)O)C)O)C)C)O)O)O)O)O 769.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84514-8
[2-[(3-acetyl-4,13-dihydroxy-3,5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-heptamethyl-2,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl)oxy]-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-4-yl] hydrogen sulfate 78200673 Click to see CC(=O)C1(CCC2(C1C(CC3(C2C(CC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)O)C)C)O)C)O)C)C 686.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00346-6
[9-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,13-dihydroxy-3,5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-heptamethyl-2,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl] acetate 163088541 Click to see 769.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84514-8
1-[(3R,3aR,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13R,13aR,13bR)-9-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,13-dihydroxy-3,5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-heptamethyl-2,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]ethanone 162861161 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(COC2OC3CCC4(C(C3(C)C)CCC5(C4CC(C6C5(CC(C7C6(CCC7(C)C(=O)C)C)O)C)O)C)C)O)O)O)O)O 753.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00346-6
1-[(3R,3aR,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13R,13aR,13bR)-9-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,13-dihydroxy-3,5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-heptamethyl-2,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]ethanone 162901373 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(COC(C2O)OC3CCC4(C(C3(C)C)CCC5(C4CC(C6C5(CC(C7C6(CCC7(C)C(=O)C)C)O)C)O)C)C)O)O)O)O 753.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00346-6
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81258-3
1-[(3R,3aR,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13R,13aR,13bR)-9-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,13-dihydroxy-3,5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-heptamethyl-2,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]ethanone 162861162 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(COC2OC3CCC4(C(C3(C)C)CCC5(C4CC(C6C5(CC(C7C6(CCC7(C)C(=O)C)C)O)C)O)C)C)O)O)O)O)O 753.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00346-6
1-[(3R,3aR,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13R,13aR,13bR)-9-[(2S,3S,4S,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,13-dihydroxy-3,5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-heptamethyl-2,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]ethanone 162901372 Click to see 753.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00346-6
1-[(3S,3aR,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aS,11bS,13R,13aR,13bS)-9-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,13-dihydroxy-3,5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-heptamethyl-2,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]ethanone 162901371 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(COC(C2O)OC3CCC4(C(C3(C)C)CCC5(C4CC(C6C5(CC(C7C6(CCC7(C)C(=O)C)C)O)C)O)C)C)O)O)O)O 753.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00346-6
1-[(3S,3aR,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aS,11bS,13R,13aR,13bS)-9-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,13-dihydroxy-3,5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-heptamethyl-2,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]ethanone 162861160 Click to see 753.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00346-6
1-[9-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,13-dihydroxy-3,5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-heptamethyl-2,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]ethanone 162901370 Click to see 753.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81258-3
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00346-6
1-[9-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,13-dihydroxy-3,5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-heptamethyl-2,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]ethanone 162861159 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(COC2OC3CCC4(C(C3(C)C)CCC5(C4CC(C6C5(CC(C7C6(CCC7(C)C(=O)C)C)O)C)O)C)C)O)O)O)O)O 753.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84514-8
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00346-6
2-[2-[(4,13-dihydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-3-methylidene-2,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl)oxy]-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 163035323 Click to see 708.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00346-6
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(3S,5S,9S,10S,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(E,2R,5S)-5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 162958783 Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2=CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94708-3
(5S,9S,10S,13R,14R)-17-(5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 137706369 Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2=CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94708-3
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 521229 Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2=CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94708-3
6beta-Hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one 9823926 Click to see 428.70 unknown via CMAUP database
alpha-Spinasterin 5281331 Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2=CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94708-3
beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside 296119 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94708-3
Sitogluside 5742590 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94708-3
Stigmast-4-en-3-one 5484202 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)C(C)C 412.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Purine nucleosides
2-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol 191 Click to see 267.24 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257716/
Adenosine 60961 Click to see C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)N 267.24 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257716/
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Arginine and derivatives
(2S)-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-2-(3-phenylprop-2-enoylamino)pentanoic acid 141036306 Click to see 304.34 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257716/
(2S)-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-2-[[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]amino]pentanoic acid 163189478 Click to see 304.34 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257716/
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Phenylalanine and derivatives
DL-Phenylalanine 994 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(C(=O)O)N 165.19 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257716/
Phenylalanine 6140 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(C(=O)O)N 165.19 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257716/
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Catalpol 91520 Click to see 362.33 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Azolidines / Imidazolidines / Hydantoins
(5E)-5-[[(3R,4S)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]methylidene]-1-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione 11499651 Click to see CCC1C(COC1=O)C=C2C(=O)NC(=O)N2C 238.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Furanoquinolines
Dictamnine 68085 Click to see 199.20 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Hydroquinolones
4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-quinolone 182073 Click to see 189.21 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acid esters / Coumaric acid esters
Saccatoside 15736668 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C3C=COC(C3C4(C2O4)CO)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O 654.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Angular furanocoumarins
(8S)-5-hydroxy-8-prop-1-en-2-yl-8,9-dihydrofuro[2,3-h]chromen-2-one 44310181 Click to see 244.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
3-(1,1-Dimethylallyl)scopoletin 5377569 Click to see 260.28 unknown via CMAUP database
Scopoletin 5280460 Click to see 192.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
Eriodictyol 440735 Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O 288.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin 5280443 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 270.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Luteolin 5280445 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol 5280863 Click to see 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see 302.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one 5378180 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 432.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257716/
Vicenin 2 3084407 Click to see 594.50 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257716/
Vicenin 2 442664 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C(=C3O2)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)C5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O 594.50 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257716/
Vitexin 5280441 Click to see 432.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257716/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 162957344 Click to see 610.50 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257716/
3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 74977614 Click to see 610.50 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257716/
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 5462193 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257716/
Rutin 5280805 Click to see 610.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Trifolin 5282149 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257716/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-8-yl]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 163188669 Click to see 724.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84997-3
[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-8-yl]oxan-3-yl] 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 162911908 Click to see 724.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84997-3
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 13093776 Click to see 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 163091223 Click to see 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84997-3
2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 163091222 Click to see 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84997-3
7-(alpha-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 12304095 Click to see 432.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Hesperidin 10621 Click to see 610.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Luteolin 7-O-glucoside 5280637 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
Chrysoeriol 5280666 Click to see 300.26 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
Apigenin trimethyl ether 79730 Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3OC)OC 312.30 unknown via CMAUP database

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