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Forsythia viridissima

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64402cca7dbb8326716946
Scientific name Forsythia viridissima
Authority Lindl.
First published in J. Hort. Soc. London 1: 226 (1846)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
Seeds yield an edible oil after pressing and refining; the press-cake is used as a protein-rich animal feed. Flowers are processed into a food colorant (yellow to orange) and a herbal beverage ingredient in some East Asian markets.

Industrial and craft applications:
Seed oil is evaluated as a biodiesel feedstock; fatty-acid profiles align with established biodiesel standards (e.g., EN 14214) that specify chain length and saturation limits. Photocatalytic degradation of the oil under UV has been investigated as an environmentally friendly route for oil waste treatment. Flowers are used as a natural yellow–orange dye for textiles, foods, and cosmetics.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
The seed oil is used as a culinary oil and for frying where neutral flavor and good oxidative stability are required. Flowers are used as a food additive for yellow coloring and as an ingredient in teas and other beverages; processing typically involves drying or extraction and may require blending with other yellow colorants for shade control.

Colorants and tanning:
Flowers provide flavonoid-based yellow pigments useful for natural colorants in food, cosmetics, and textiles; color stability can benefit from chelation and antioxidant co-additives. No significant tannin content is reported, limiting use as a leather tanning agent.

Wood and fiber:
Wood is of minor commercial interest due to small size and branchiness; no major timber or fiber applications are documented.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
Flowers contain low levels of volatile compounds and are used in perfumery blends as a top-note modifier; the essential oil yield is low relative to other fragrant flowers. The flower extract is incorporated into cosmetic colorants and non-medicinal formulations.

Properties relevant to use:
Seed oil is a typical triacylglycerol mixture with a high proportion of linoleic and oleic acids and moderate polyunsaturated fatty acid content; iodine values around 110–135 g I2/100 g and saponification values near 185–195 mg KOH/g are consistent with non-drying oils suitable for both food and biodiesel. Flower pigments are primarily flavonoids (e.g., rutin) and carotenoids, which confer yellow to orange hues.

Standards and regulation:
Biodiesel uses must comply with EN 14214 (Europe) or ASTM D6751 (USA), including limits on FAME composition, acid value, iodine value, and oxidative stability. As a food oil or food additive, production follows national food-grade processing rules and relevant compositional specifications for edible oils. Flower-derived colorants in food and cosmetics are used under national additive/color regulations.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Seeds are harvested from cultivated shrubs grown for ornamental purposes, allowing seed utilization without dedicated agricultural expansion. Potential invasive spread in certain regions favors managed cultivation and local harvesting. Flowers are hand-harvested; low perennial yields per plant and labor-intensive collection constrain long-term supply at scale.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Forsythia viridissima var. incisa Geerinck Taxonomania 14: 5 (2004)
Rangium viridissimum (Lindl.) Ohwi Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 140 (1932)
Forsythia viridissima var. bronxensis Everett Gard. Chron. Amer. 51: 296 (1947)
Rangium koreanum var. fertile Uyeki J. Korean Pl. Forest. Soc. 208: 6 (1942)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English greenstem forsythia
German grüne forsythie
Japanese シナレンギョウ
Korean 의성개나리
Dutch recht chinees klokje
Slovenian temnozelena forsitija
Chinese 金梅花
Chinese 金铃花
Chinese 连翘
Chinese 金钟花
Chinese 迎春条
Chinese 迎春柳
Chinese 金鐘花

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Korea
  • Northern America
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Kansas
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • New York
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Arkansas
      • Maryland
      • Tennessee

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000832231
UNII 008Y1C20O9
Flora of Alabama 2719
Canadensys 6725
USDA Plants FOVI
UConn 179
Tropicos 23000131
INPN 162464
Flora of Italy 8483
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:608903-1
The Plant List kew-369455
PFAF Forsythia viridissima
Open Tree Of Life 327817
Observations.org 6795
NCBI Taxonomy 205691
NBN Atlas NHMSYS0020704126
Nature Serve 2.159783
IPNI 608903-1
iNaturalist 163059
GBIF 5415053
EPPO FOSVI
EOL 579164
USDA GRIN 311391
Wikipedia Forsythia_viridissima
CMAUP NPO19805

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCA_030279155.1 ASM3027915v1 Chromosome Inner Mongolia Normal University 2023-06-20 39 704.92 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Exploring the antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi: a review on methods for extraction and quantification of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) Asomadu RO, Ezeorba TP, Ezike TC, Uzoechina JO 3 Biotech 05-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC10997672
doi:10.1007/s13205-024-03970-3
PMID:38585410
Bioactive compounds and biomedical applications of endophytic fungi: a recent review Hashem AH, Attia MS, Kandil EK, Fawzi MM, Abdelrahman AS, Khader MS, Khodaira MA, Emam AE, Goma MA, Abdelaziz AM Microb Cell Fact 06-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10243280
doi:10.1186/s12934-023-02118-x
PMID:37280587
Phytocompounds as a source for the development of new drugs to treat respiratory viral infections Seibert JB, Amparo TR, Almeida TC, de Souza GH, dos Santos OD 23-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10204935
doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-91294-5.00007-5
Bangpungtongsung-san for patients with major depressive disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled phase II clinical trial Kim Y, Choi Y, Lee MY, Cho SH, Jung IC, Kang DH, Yang C BMC Complement Med Ther 12-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10091324
doi:10.1186/s12906-023-03912-1
PMID:37046297
Rhizosphere microbial community assembly and association networks strongly differ based on vegetation type at a local environment scale Liu L, Ma L, Zhu M, Liu B, Liu X, Shi Y Front Microbiol 14-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10043216
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1129471
PMID:36998396
An efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation system and its application in gene function elucidation in Paeonia lactiflora Pall Guan S, Kang X, Ge J, Fei R, Duan S, Sun X Front Plant Sci 06-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9582852
doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.999433
PMID:36275545
Extraction Techniques and Analytical Methods for Isolation and Characterization of Lignans Patyra A, Kołtun-Jasion M, Jakubiak O, Kiss AK Plants (Basel) 05-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9460740
doi:10.3390/plants11172323
PMID:36079704
Liujunanwei decoction attenuates cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting in a Rat-Pica model partially mediated by modulating the gut micsrobiome Chen D, Guo Y, Yang Y Front Cell Infect Microbiol 19-Aug-2022
PMCID:PMC9437319
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.876781
PMID:36061858
Cytoprotective effects and antioxidant activities of acteoside and various extracts of Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Turcz leaves against t-BHP induced oxidative damage Zhu J, Li G, Zhou J, Xu Z, Xu J Sci Rep 25-Jul-2022
PMCID:PMC9314432
doi:10.1038/s41598-022-17038-w
PMID:35879416
Commodity risk assessment of bonsai plants from China consisting of Pinus parviflora grafted on Pinus thunbergii Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Gonthier P EFSA J 08-Feb-2022
PMCID:PMC8822388
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7077
PMID:35154441
Application Potential of Plant-Derived Medicines in Prevention and Treatment of Platinum-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity Xu X, Jia L, Ma X, Li H, Sun C Front Pharmacol 13-Jan-2022
PMCID:PMC8793340
doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.792331
PMID:35095502
Platinum-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (PIPN): ROS-Related Mechanism, Therapeutic Agents, and Nanosystems Hu X, Jiang Z, Teng L, Yang H, Hong D, Zheng D, Zhao Q Front Mol Biosci 24-Nov-2021
PMCID:PMC8652200
doi:10.3389/fmolb.2021.770808
PMID:34901160
Analgesic effects of medicinal plants and phytochemicals on chemotherapy‐induced neuropathic pain through glial modulation Lee JH, Kim N, Park S, Kim SK Pharmacol Res Perspect 22-Oct-2021
PMCID:PMC8532132
doi:10.1002/prp2.819
PMID:34676990
The Natural Products Targeting on Allergic Rhinitis: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery Lim S, Jeong I, Cho J, Shin C, Kim KI, Shim BS, Ko SG, Kim B Antioxidants (Basel) 26-Sep-2021
PMCID:PMC8532887
doi:10.3390/antiox10101524
PMID:34679659
Genetic Toxicology and Safety Pharmacological Evaluation of Forsythin Han Z, Guo J, Meng F, Liao H, Deng Y, Huang Y, Lei X, Liang C, Han R, Yang W Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 18-Jun-2021
PMCID:PMC8233079
doi:10.1155/2021/6610793
PMID:34239584

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids
Benzoic Acid 243 Click to see 122.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 135 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O 138.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives
Syringic Acid 10742 Click to see 198.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillic Acid 8468 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O 168.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / P-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid 7121 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)O)OC 182.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Cumenes
o-Cymene 10703 Click to see CC1=CC=CC=C1C(C)C 134.22 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenylpropanes
2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol 7311 Click to see 206.32 unknown via CMAUP database
p-Cymen-8-ol 14529 Click to see 150.22 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles
Estragole 8815 Click to see 148.20 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids
Hydroxyphenylacetic acid 127 Click to see 152.15 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3972829/
Methyl 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 518900 Click to see COC(=O)CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O 166.17 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3972829/
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Tyrosols and derivatives / Tyrosols
Hydroxytyrosol 82755 Click to see 154.16 unknown via CMAUP database
Tyrosol 10393 Click to see 138.16 unknown via CMAUP database
> Hydrocarbons / Polycyclic hydrocarbons
3,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-1-ene 14568304 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.2490
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons
Gamma-Terpinene 7461 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Olefins / Cyclic olefins
1,4-Cyclohexadiene 12343 Click to see 80.13 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Aryltetralin lignans / 9,9p-dihydroxyaryltetralin lignans
(+)-Isolariciresinol 160521 Click to see 360.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans
(-)-Epipinoresinol 12309639 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)OC)O 358.40 unknown via CMAUP database
(-)-Pinoresinol 12309636 Click to see 358.40 unknown via CMAUP database
(+-)-Pinoresinol 234817 Click to see 358.40 unknown via CMAUP database
4-[(3aR,6S,6aR)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-3-yl]-2-methoxyphenol 17750970 Click to see 358.40 unknown via CMAUP database
4-[(3R,3aR,6R,6aR)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-3-yl]-2-methoxyphenol 12309637 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)OC)O 358.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Epipinoresinol 637584 Click to see 358.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Pinoresinol 73399 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)OC)O 358.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Sylvatesmin 3083590 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)OC)OC 372.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 9,9-epoxylignans / Dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans
(-)-Matairesinol 119205 Click to see 358.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.107.6_435
(+)-Matairesinol 11451194 Click to see 358.40 unknown via CMAUP database
(3S,4R)-4-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one 5318509 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC2COC(=O)C2CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)OC 372.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Arctigenin 64981 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC2COC(=O)C2CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)OC 372.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.107.6_435
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2007.11.030
Arctigenin, (+)- 28125531 Click to see 372.40 unknown via CMAUP database
l-Arctigenin 230232 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC2COC(=O)C2CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)OC 372.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(4-((3S,3aR,6S,6aR)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro(3,4-c)furan-6-yl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 486614 Click to see 520.50 unknown via CMAUP database
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[(3aR,6S,6aR)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-6-yl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 45358141 Click to see 534.60 unknown via CMAUP database
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[(3S,3aR,6R,6aR)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-6-yl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 44584288 Click to see 534.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Arctii;NSC 315527;Arctigenin-4-glucoside 3660596 Click to see 534.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Arctiin 100528 Click to see 534.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Epipinoresinol-4-O-|A-glucoside 21607712 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)OC)O 520.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Matairesinoside 486612 Click to see 520.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Phillyrin 101712 Click to see 534.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Pinoresinol diglucoside 174003 Click to see 682.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Styraxlignolide E 11432381 Click to see 520.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Palmitic Acid 985 Click to see 256.42 unknown via CMAUP database
Stearic Acid 5281 Click to see 284.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
beta-Ocimene 18756 Click to see CC(=CCC=C(C)C=C)C 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
beta-OCIMENE, (3E)- 5281553 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
beta-Ocimene, (3Z)- 5320250 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Linalool 6549 Click to see 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Linalool, (-)- 443158 Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Linalool, (+)- 67179 Click to see 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Myrcene 31253 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(-)-Camphene 440966 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
(-)-Sabinene 11051711 Click to see CC(C)C12CCC(=C)C1C2 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
(+-)-alpha-Pinene 6654 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
(+)-alpha-Pinene 82227 Click to see CC1=CCC2CC1C2(C)C 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
(+)-Camphene 92221 Click to see CC1(C2CCC(C2)C1=C)C 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
(+)-Sabinene 10887971 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
(1R)-Camphor 230921 Click to see 152.23 unknown via CMAUP database
(1S)-2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene 12223113 Click to see CC1=CCC2CC1C2(C)C 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
3-Carene 26049 Click to see CC1=CCC2C(C1)C2(C)C 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
alpha-Thujene 17868 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Beta-Pinene 14896 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Camphene 6616 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Camphor 2537 Click to see 152.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Camphor, (-)- 444294 Click to see 152.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Camphor, (1S)- 10050 Click to see 152.23 unknown via CMAUP database
D-Camphor 159055 Click to see 152.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Myrtenal 61130 Click to see 150.22 unknown via CMAUP database
Myrtenal, (A+-)- 1201529 Click to see 150.22 unknown via CMAUP database
Npc54264 9543187 Click to see 152.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Sabinene 18818 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(-)-Terpinen-4-ol 5325830 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)(C(C)C)O 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
(-)-trans-Carveol 94221 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1O)C(=C)C 152.23 unknown via CMAUP database
(+)-alpha-Phellandrene 443160 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
(+)-alpha-Terpineol 442501 Click to see 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
(+)-Limonene 440917 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
(+)-Terpinen-4-ol 2724161 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)(C(C)C)O 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
(+)-trans-Carveol 443178 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1O)C(=C)C 152.23 unknown via CMAUP database
(L)-alpha-terpineol 443162 Click to see 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
2-Methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexanol 12072 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.2490
4-Terpineol, (+/-)- 11230 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)(C(C)C)O 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.2490
alpha-PHELLANDRENE 7460 Click to see CC1=CCC(C=C1)C(C)C 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Alpha-Terpinene 7462 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Alpha-Terpineol 17100 Click to see 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Beta-Phellandrene 11142 Click to see CC(C)C1CCC(=C)C=C1 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Limonene, (-)- 439250 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Limonene, (+/-)- 22311 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Terpinolene 11463 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
Nerolidol 5284507 Click to see 222.37 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides
(1S,4aS,7S,7aS)-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-7-carboxylic acid 101673969 Click to see 552.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)85019-4
(1S)-1alpha-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-1,4aalpha,5,6,7,7aalpha-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4,7alpha-dicarboxylic acid 4-beta-D-glucopyranosyl 7-methyl ester 101673970 Click to see COC(=O)C1CCC2C1C(OC=C2C(=O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O 566.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)85019-4
1-[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4,7-dicarboxylic acid 15559327 Click to see 390.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)85019-4
1-[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-7-carboxylic acid 162850771 Click to see C1CC(C2C1C(=COC2OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)O 552.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)85019-4
7-(Hydroxymethyl)-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid 13892716 Click to see 376.36 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)85019-4
7-O-methyl 4-O-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4,7-dicarboxylate 162845290 Click to see COC(=O)C1CCC2C1C(OC=C2C(=O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O 566.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)85019-4
Adoxosidic acid 13892717 Click to see C1CC2C(C1CO)C(OC=C2C(=O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O 376.36 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)85019-4
Forsythide 15559328 Click to see C1CC(C2C1C(=COC2OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O 390.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)85019-4
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Ursolic Acid 64945 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.33.230
(10R)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid 45358157 Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O 456.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(1S,2R,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid 45483617 Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O 456.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-Octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl) acetate 345510 Click to see 468.80 unknown via CMAUP database
(4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 45483610 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C 456.70 unknown via CMAUP database
[(3S,6aR,8aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate 5318302 Click to see 468.80 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3972829/
[(6aR,6aR,6bR,8aR,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,12,14b-heptamethyl-11-methylidene-1,2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-hexadecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate 71307336 Click to see CC1C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1=C)C)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C)C 468.80 unknown via CMAUP database
10-Acetyloxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 619165 Click to see 498.70 unknown via CMAUP database
3-O-Acetyloleanolic Acid 151202 Click to see 498.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Betulinic Acid 64971 Click to see 456.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Oleanolic Acid 10494 Click to see 456.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Taraxasterol Acetate 13889352 Click to see CC1C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1=C)C)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C)C 468.80 unknown via CMAUP database
Taraxasterol, acetate 344468 Click to see 468.80 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3972829/
Taraxasteryl-acetate 67496301 Click to see 468.80 unknown via CMAUP database
Urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-, (3beta)- 220774 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.33.230
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Oxosteroids
(3aR,5aS,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13bS)-9-hydroxy-2,2,5a,5b,8,8,11a-heptamethyl-3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13b-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid 163053558 Click to see CC1(CC2C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(C1)C(=O)O)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C 442.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.33.230
9-hydroxy-2,2,5a,5b,8,8,11a-heptamethyl-3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13b-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid 163053557 Click to see CC1(CC2C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(C1)C(=O)O)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C 442.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.33.230
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown via CMAUP database
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 86821 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Npc29 6432744 Click to see 414.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Stigmasterol 5280794 Click to see 412.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
Chlorogenic Acid 1794427 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 354.31 unknown via CMAUP database
cis-Chlorogenic acid 1794425 Click to see 354.31 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Forsythoside D 5317383 Click to see 478.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3972829/
methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside 64947 Click to see 194.18 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3972829/
Methyl beta-D-galactopyranoside 2108 Click to see COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O 194.18 unknown via CMAUP database
Salidroside 159278 Click to see 300.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[[(2R,3R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 11972351 Click to see 756.70 unknown via CMAUP database
[2-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl] 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 73157748 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)COC4C(C(CO4)(CO)O)O)OCCC5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O 756.70 unknown via CMAUP database
[6-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-[[4-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxyoxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl] 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 162858808 Click to see 770.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-89-S36
[6-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 73799192 Click to see 756.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-89-S36
CID 44429859 44429859 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)COC4C(C(CO4)(CO)O)O)OCCC5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O 756.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Forsythoside B 23928102 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)COC4C(C(CO4)(CO)O)O)OCCC5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O 756.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Forsythoside F 6442994 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)COC4C(C(C(CO4)O)O)O)OCCC5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O 756.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-89-S36
Forsythoside G 101231533 Click to see 770.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-89-S36
lacto-N-tetraose 440993 Click to see 707.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzaldehydes / Hydroxybenzaldehydes
3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde 8768 Click to see 138.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans
(3AS,7AS)-3A-Hydroxy-2,3,7,7A-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-6-one 10725564 Click to see C1COC2C1(C=CC(=O)C2)O 154.16 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Furans / Furoic acid and derivatives / Furoic acids
2-Furoic acid 6919 Click to see C1=COC(=C1)C(=O)O 112.08 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3972829/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
(R)-Suspensaside 102228838 Click to see 640.60 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 163185833 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)CO)OCC(C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 640.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.32.1209
[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 5320625 Click to see 478.40 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 102228839 Click to see 640.60 unknown via CMAUP database
[6-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl] 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 85091108 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)CO)OCC(C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 640.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.32.1209
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-O-(6-Deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-4-O-((2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside 132274946 Click to see 624.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.32.1209
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962658
Acteoside;Kusaginin;TJC160 354009 Click to see 624.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.32.1209
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-89-S36
Brachynoside 10032232 Click to see 652.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Calceolarioside C 45360240 Click to see 610.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Forsythoside A 5281773 Click to see 624.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Isoforsythiaside 23958169 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OCCC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O 624.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Plantainoside B 9847922 Click to see 478.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Suspensaside 5281798 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OCC(C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O 640.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JSSC.200900150
Verbascoside 5281800 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)CO)OCCC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O 624.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-89-S36
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.32.1209
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962658
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acid esters / Hydroxycinnamic acid glycosides
Swertiamacroside 6443992 Click to see 488.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JSSC.200900150
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Caffeic Acid 689043 Click to see 180.16 unknown via CMAUP database
cis-Caffeic acid 1549111 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)O)O)O 180.16 unknown via CMAUP database
Ferulic Acid 445858 Click to see 194.18 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3972829/
P-Coumaric Acid 637542 Click to see 164.16 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3972829/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 6,7-dihydroxycoumarins
Esculetin 5281416 Click to see 178.14 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxychromen-4-one 57339948 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(OC4O)CO)O)O)O)O 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Isorhamnetin 5281654 Click to see 316.26 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see 302.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-4-One 5378597 Click to see 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 44259091 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 11557027 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl D-galactopyranoside 11751616 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
CID 44258797 44258797 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Hyperoside 5281643 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Isoquercetin 5280804 Click to see 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Rutin 5280805 Click to see 610.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
Hesperetin-7-Rutinoside 3594 Click to see 610.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Hesperidin 10621 Click to see 610.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Kaempferitrin 5486199 Click to see 578.50 unknown via CMAUP database

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