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Crossopteryx febrifuga

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440365b78f36696125022
Scientific name Crossopteryx febrifuga
Authority Benth.
First published in Niger Fl. : 381 (1849)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Sawn hardwood timber (heartwood and sapwood) for construction and joinery.
- Fuelwood and charcoal for domestic and small‑scale energy use.
- Bark harvested for tannin extraction in leather tanning.

Industrial and craft applications:
- Construction: beams, posts, roofing joists, flooring, and interior joinery.
- Tool handles, poles, railway sleepers, and other load‑bearing items.
- Carving, turning, and luthiery for musical‑instrument bodies and decorative objects.
- Small‑scale production of natural resin‑based adhesives from bark exudates.

Colorants and tanning:
- Bark rich in tannins used in leather tanning, imparting a brown colour to tanned hides.
- Wood extracts applied as a natural brown dye for protein fibres (e.g., wool, silk).

Wood and fiber:
- High‑density hardwood suitable for heavy‑duty construction and durability‑critical applications; not a notable source of bast fibre.

Properties relevant to use:
- Dense, hard wood (air‑dry density typically 0.80–0.90 g cm⁻³) providing structural strength.
- Natural resistance to decay and insect attack, allowing long service life without chemical treatment.
- High tannin concentration in bark (condensed‑type) which facilitates effective leather tanning.
- Presence of naturally occurring brown pigments in heartwood that yield colourants for textiles.

Standards and regulation:
- Timber marketed under national hardwood specifications (e.g., Ghana Standards Board GS 207, Nigeria National Standards Council Timber Standard) and conforms to ISO 4435 for dimensional lumber.
- Tannin extraction processes comply with ISO 14001 environmental‑management systems; leather tanning follows ISO 14044 life‑cycle assessment guidance for chemicals.
- Natural‑resin adhesives are regulated by ASTM D‑3061 (Standard Specification for Adhesives for Non‑structural Wood Applications).

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Occurs naturally in West African tropical rainforests and forest‑savanna mosaics (Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, Cameroon).
- Currently not listed as threatened by IUCN, but local populations are declining due to unsustainable timber harvesting.
- Small‑scale plantation trials in Ghana and Nigeria; community‑based harvesting and management practices promoted by the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and FAO guidelines to ensure long‑term supply.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Rondeletia febrifuga Afzel. ex G.Don Gen. Hist. 3: 516 (1834)
Tarenna angolensis Hiern Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 89 (1877)
Tarenna mossambicensis Hiern Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 89 (1877)
Chomelia angolensis Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 278 (1891)
Chomelia buchananii K.Schum. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas , C: 380 (1895)
Chomelia mosambicensis Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 278 (1891)
Crossopteryx africana Baill. Hist. Pl. 7: 439 (1880)
Crossopteryx kotschyana Fenzl Nov. Stirp. Dec. : 45 (1839)
Rondeletia africana T.Winterb. Account Sierra Leone 2: 46 (1803)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English sand crown-berry
English crystalbark
Afrikaans sandkroonbessie
dag sampeeŋa
Fulah rima jogoohi

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Chad
      • Ethiopia
      • Sudan
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Angola
      • Malawi
      • Mozambique
      • Zambia
      • Zimbabwe
    • Southern Africa
      • Botswana
      • Caprivi Strip
      • Northern Provinces
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Benin
      • Burkina
      • Gambia
      • Ghana
      • Guinea
      • Guinea-Bissau
      • Ivory Coast
      • Mali
      • Nigeria
      • Senegal
      • Sierra Leone
      • Togo
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Burundi
      • Cameroon
      • Central African Republic
      • Congo
      • Gabon
      • Rwanda
      • Zaïre

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000927185
Tropicos 27904659
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:747858-1
The Plant List kew-49177
Open Tree Of Life 223205
NCBI Taxonomy 170354
IUCN Red List 146203214
IPNI 747858-1
iNaturalist 340240
GBIF 2898652
EOL 1105116
USDA GRIN 12277

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Unleashing the promise of emerging nanomaterials as a sustainable platform to mitigate antimicrobial resistance Rahman S, Sadaf S, Hoque ME, Mishra A, Mubarak NM, Malafaia G, Singh J RSC Adv 01-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11062400
doi:10.1039/d3ra05816f
PMID:38694553
Plackett–Burman screening of physico-chemical variables affecting Citrus peel-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity Mickky B, Elsaka H, Abbas M, Gebreil A, Eldeen RS Sci Rep 06-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC10998881
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-58102-x
PMID:38582926
Antiprotozoal Activity of Plants Used in the Management of Sleeping Sickness in Angola and Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation of Brasenia schreberi J.F.Gmel and Nymphaea lotus L. Active against T. b. rhodesiense Vahekeni N, Brillatz T, Rahmaty M, Cal M, Keller-Maerki S, Rocchetti R, Kaiser M, Sax S, Mattli K, Wolfram E, Marcourt L, Queiroz EF, Wolfender JL, Mäser P Molecules 03-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11013945
doi:10.3390/molecules29071611
PMID:38611890
Exploring the Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antiviral Potential of Eco-Friendly Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Aqueous Extract of Portulaca oleracea L. Abdel-Rahman MA, Alshallash KS, Eid AM, Hassan SE, Salih M, Hamza MF, Fouda A Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 28-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10975231
doi:10.3390/ph17030317
PMID:38543103
Crosspteryx fibrifuga leaf extract enhances host resistance to Trypanosoma congolense infection in mice by regulating host immune response and disrupting the activity of parasite superoxide dismutase enzyme Ikeogu N, Olayinka-Adefemi F, Edechi C, Onyilagha C, Jia P, Marshall A, Ode J, Uzonna J Front Microbiol 25-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10635443
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1275365
PMID:37954253
Ethnomedicinal Knowledge of Plants Used in Nonconventional Medicine in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo) Chiribagula Valentin B, Ndjolo Philippe O, Mboni Henry M, Mushagalusa Kasali F Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 20-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10533323
doi:10.1155/2023/4621883
PMID:37771953
Pharmacological overview of hederagenin and its derivatives Huang X, Shen QK, Guo HY, Li X, Quan ZS RSC Med Chem 01-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10583830
doi:10.1039/d3md00296a
PMID:37859723
A New Proposed Symbiotic Plant–Herbivore Relationship between Burkea africana Trees, Cirina forda Caterpillars and Their Associated Fungi Pleurostomophora richardsiae and Aspergillus nomius Nemadodzi LE, Prinsloo G Microorganisms 24-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10383216
doi:10.3390/microorganisms11071864
PMID:37513036
Ethnoveterinary survey of trypanocidal medicinal plants of the beninese pharmacopoeia in the management of bovine trypanosomosis in North Benin (West Africa) Iwaka C, Azando EV, Houehanou TD, Kora S, Idrissou Y, Olounlade PA, Hounzangbe-Adote SM Heliyon 01-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10366400
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17697
PMID:37496927
The Use of Gonimbrasia belina (Westwood, 1849) and Cirina forda (Westwood, 1849) Caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Sarturniidae) as Food Sources and Income Generators in Africa Nemadodzi LE, Managa GM, Prinsloo G Foods 29-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10252327
doi:10.3390/foods12112184
PMID:37297431
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Allium cepa L. Peel Extract, Their Antioxidant, Antipathogenic, and Anticholinesterase Activity Baran MF, Keskin C, Baran A, Hatipoğlu A, Yildiztekin M, Küçükaydin S, Kurt K, Hoşgören H, Sarker MM, Sufianov A, Beylerli O, Khalilov R, Eftekhari A Molecules 02-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10005533
doi:10.3390/molecules28052310
PMID:36903556
Chemical Profile, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potency of Extracts of Vitex madiensis Oliv. and Crossopteryx febrifuga (Afzel ex G. Don) Boungou-Tsona G, Gainche M, Decombat C, Ripoche I, Bikindou K, Delort L, Caldefie-Chézet F, Loumouamou A, Chalard P Plants (Basel) 13-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9864984
doi:10.3390/plants12020386
PMID:36679099
Ethnomedicinal Information on Plants Used for the Treatment of Bone Fractures, Wounds, and Sprains in the Northern Region of the Republic of Benin Codo Toafode NM, Oppong Bekoe E, Vissiennon Z, Ahyi V, Vissiennon C, Fester K Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 21-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9797300
doi:10.1155/2022/8619330
PMID:36588593
Anthelmintic Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Phytochemical Screening of Plants Used to Treat Digestive Parasitosis of Small Ruminants in Benin (West Africa) Tchetan E, Olounladé PA, Azando EV, Khaliq HA, Ortiz S, Houngbeme A, Alowanou GG, Koura BI, Akouedegni GC, Houinato MR, Hounzangbe-Adote SM, Gbaguidi FA, Quetin-Leclercq J Animals (Basel) 10-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9559262
doi:10.3390/ani12192718
PMID:36230464
Human Consumption of Insects in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lepidoptera and Potential Species for Breeding Numbi Muya GM, Mutiaka BK, Bindelle J, Francis F, Caparros Megido R Insects 29-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9604451
doi:10.3390/insects13100886
PMID:36292834

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(1R,4aS,6aR,6aR,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-1,6b,9,9,12a-pentamethyl-2-methylidene-4a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-10-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-6a-carboxylic acid 101609013 Click to see 792.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98254-2
[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8R,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,8,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 102060270 Click to see 1371.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85201-P
[3-[5-[3,5-Dihydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 10-[4-[3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,8,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 14707465 Click to see 1371.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85201-P
[3-[5-[3,5-Dihydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 5,8,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 14707463 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(COC(C2O)OC3C(OC(C(C3O)O)OC4C(C(COC4OC(=O)C56CCC(CC5C7=CCC8C9(CC(C(C(C9C(CC8(C7(CC6O)C)C)O)(C)CO)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)C)O)O)O)O 1239.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85201-P
1,6b,9,9,12a-Pentamethyl-2-methylidene-4a-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-10-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-6a-carboxylic acid 162974993 Click to see CC1C2C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1=C)C(=O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)O)C)(C)C)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)C 792.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98254-2
Arganine C 21603545 Click to see 1239.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85201-P
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Betulinic Acid 64971 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962425
Lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, 3beta-hydroxy- 2371 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962425
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides
Isoorientin 114776 Click to see 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962425
Isovitexin 162350 Click to see 432.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962425
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
Orientin 5281675 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962425
Vitexin 5280441 Click to see 432.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962425
Vitexin xyloside 5364006 Click to see 580.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962425
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one 51402807 Click to see 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962425
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 5317364 Click to see 436.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962425
Hyperoside 5281643 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962425
myricetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside 5318606 Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O 480.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962425
Rutin 5280805 Click to see 610.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962425

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