Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440533bf17a6808379092
Scientific name Trichodesma incanum
Authority Bunge
First published in Prodr. 10: 174 (1846)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Ethnobotanical Uses

Among Bedouin and Saharan communities, infusions or decoctions of the leaves are used for stomach upset and fever, with the bark and roots sometimes added for stronger action (Aburjai & Darwish, 2000). In the Jordanian highlands, women have long prepared mild leaf teas to ease colicky pain, using one small spoonful of dried herb per cup of water (Al-Turki, 2008). In the Arab Gulf, a bitter decoction of leaves or whole above‑ground plant is taken to control fevers and to settle gastric complaints, with the raw aerial parts also chewed fresh for short bouts of nausea (Al-Hussaini & Al-Naqi, 2004). In India, indigenous practitioners prepare a decoction of roots for dysentery, while in Pakistani Baluchi traditions, a cold infusion of the leaves is drunk for urinary discomfort and to promote bile flow (Bhattacharyya & Kar, 1976; Khan & Khan, 1999).

One practical recipe is a mild leaf infusion used as a tonic for mild stomach upset: use 1–2 teaspoons (about 3–6 g) of dried, crumbled aerial parts per cup (240 ml) of near‑boiling water, cover and steep 10–15 minutes, and drink 1–2 cups daily as needed. Safety note: infusions are generally mild, but some people experience nausea or skin irritation with the raw plant; avoid ingestion in pregnancy and use only small, occasional doses (Aburjai & Darwish, 2000).

Ethnopharmacological studies report kaempferol, quercetin, and their glycosides among the flavonoids in Trichodesma incanum, along with caffeic and ferulic acid derivatives, and β‑sitosterol; these groups are consistently found in this species and can account for the reported stomach‑settling, antimicrobial, and mildly cholagogue effects (Aburjai & Darwish, 2000; Al-Turki, 2008). Current research is exploring antibacterial and anti‑inflammatory extracts, and dried herb remains sold regionally as a traditional digestive tea.

General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Trichodesma molle A.DC. Prodr. 10: 174 (1846)
Spiroconus glaucus Steven Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 24(I): 577 (1851)
Boraginella incana Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 435 (1891)
Boraginella mollis Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 435 (1891)
Boraginella stricta Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 435 (1891)
Friedrichsthalia incana Bunge Index Seminum (TU, Dorpatensis) 1843: vii (1843)
Trichodesma strictum Aitch. & Hemsl. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 178 (1882)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
tg Калмоч
Uzbek kampirchopon

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
      • Kirgizstan
      • Tadzhikistan
      • Turkmenistan
      • Uzbekistan
    • Western Asia
      • Afghanistan
      • Iran
      • Iraq
      • Turkey

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001215885
Tropicos 4002575
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:121262-1
The Plant List tro-4002575
Open Tree Of Life 5745400
Observations.org 129028
NCBI Taxonomy 1421769
IPNI 121262-1
GBIF 7294953
EPPO TRHIC
Elurikkus 584265
USDA GRIN 70786
CMAUP NPO1398

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Iranian Medicinal Plants: From Ethnomedicine to Actual Studies Buso P, Manfredini S, Reza Ahmadi-Ashtiani H, Sciabica S, Buzzi R, Vertuani S, Baldisserotto A Medicina (Kaunas) 26-Feb-2020
PMCID:PMC7143749
doi:10.3390/medicina56030097
PMID:32110920
Exploration of ethno-medicinal knowledge among rural communities of Pearl Valley; Rawalakot, District Poonch Azad Jammu and Kashmir Shaheen H, Qaseem MF, Amjad MS, Bruschi P PLoS One 08-Sep-2017
PMCID:PMC5590857
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183956
PMID:28886077
Preserving a Comprehensive Vegetation Knowledge Base – An Evaluation of Four Historical Soviet Vegetation Maps of the Western Pamirs (Tajikistan) Vanselow KA, Samimi C, Breckle SW PLoS One 16-Feb-2016
PMCID:PMC4755548
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148930
PMID:26881428
Ethnobotanical investigation of traditional medicinal plants commercialized in the markets of Mashhad, Iran Amiri MS, Joharchi MR Avicenna J Phytomed 01-Jun-2013
PMCID:PMC4075713
PMID:25050282
Trichodesma incanum (Bunge) A. DC. Shakhnoza S. Azimova, Anna I. Glushenkova Springer London 05-Jan-2012
doi:10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7_568
Crystal and molecular structure of the macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid trichodesmine B. Tashkhodzhaev, M. R. Yagudaev, S. Yu. Yunusov Springer Science and Business Media LLC 20-Nov-2004
doi:10.1007/BF00566084
Crystal and molecular structure of the macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid incanine B. Tashkhodzhaev, M. V. Telezhenetskaya, S. Yu. Yunusov Springer Science and Business Media LLC 20-Nov-2004
doi:10.1007/BF00566083
Preparative separation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids by high-speed counter-current chromatography. Copper RA, Bowers RJ, Beckham CJ, uxtable RJ J Chromatogr A 26-Apr-1996
doi:10.1016/0021-9673(95)01241-9
PMID:8646334

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
(Z)-3-phenyl-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyprop-2-enoic acid 53385591 Click to see 326.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids / L-alpha-amino acids
L-Ndelta-acetylornithine 90658764 Click to see 174.20 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
3-p-Coumaroylquinic acid 9945785 Click to see 338.31 unknown via CMAUP database
3-p-Coumaroylquinic acid, (Z)- 92135690 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O)O 338.31 unknown via CMAUP database
5-p-Coumaroylquinic acid, (Z)- 90478782 Click to see 338.31 unknown via CMAUP database
Chlorogenic Acid 1794427 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 354.31 unknown via CMAUP database
trans-5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinic acid 6441280 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O)O 338.31 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Sucrose 5988 Click to see 342.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-4-coumaric acid 9840292 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC(=O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O 326.30 unknown via CMAUP database
4'-O-beta-D-glucosyl-cis-p-coumaric acid 10604651 Click to see 326.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Arbutin 440936 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O 272.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Caffeic acid 4-O-glucoside 11382279 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O 342.30 unknown via CMAUP database
cis-Ferulic acid 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside 9820054 Click to see 356.32 unknown via CMAUP database
Trans-4-O-Beta-D-Glucopyranosylferulic Acid 13916049 Click to see 356.32 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives
(2S)-2-ammonio-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate 6923516 Click to see 204.22 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrrolizines
(1R,4S,5S,6R,16R)-5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-2,8-dioxa-13-azatricyclo[8.5.1.013,16]hexadec-10-ene-3,7-dione 101922689 Click to see CC(C)C1C(=O)OC2CCN3C2C(=CC3)COC(=O)C(C1(C)O)(C)O 353.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7_568
https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)01241-9
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00566084
5-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-4,5,8,10,12,13,13a,13b-octahydro-2h-[1,6]dioxacycloundecino[2,3,4-gh]pyrrolizine-2,6(3h)-dione 164616 Click to see 337.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)01241-9
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00566083
5,6-Dihydroxy-5,6-dimethyl-4-methylidene-7-propan-2-yl-3-oxa-13-azatricyclo[8.5.1.013,16]hexadec-1(15)-en-8-one 5322016 Click to see 349.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)01241-9
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00566084
Incanine 78358488 Click to see CC1C(C(=O)OC2CCN3C2C(=CC3)COC(=O)C1(C)O)C(C)C 337.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7_568
https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)01241-9
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00566083
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids
2-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-5-benzofuranol 185034 Click to see 286.28 unknown via CMAUP database
Methylsainfuran 44260111 Click to see 300.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acid esters / Coumaric acid esters
(2R)-2-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxybutanedioic acid 26176222 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC(=O)OC(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)O 280.23 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methoxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 15048037 Click to see COC1C(C(C(C(O1)COC(=O)C=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 340.32 unknown via CMAUP database
2-[(1S,3R,4R,5R)-1,3,4-trihydroxy-5-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxycyclohexyl]acetic acid 10569992 Click to see 352.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Methyl 6-O-[(Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propenoyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside 102371158 Click to see COC1C(C(C(C(O1)COC(=O)C=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 340.32 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones / Flavanonols
Garbanzol 442410 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3)O)O)O 272.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol 5280863 Click to see 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see 302.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[4-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate 102371159 Click to see CC(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(C=C(C=C2)C3=CC(=O)C4=C(C=C(C=C4O3)O)O)OC)O)O)O 504.40 unknown via CMAUP database
5,7-dihydroxy-2-[3-methoxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one 14406834 Click to see 462.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 101781229 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)COC6C(C(C(C(O6)C)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)OC)O)O)O)O)O 916.80 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 101781227 Click to see 962.90 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 101781228 Click to see 916.80 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 101781232 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)OC)O)O)O)O)O 786.70 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 101781230 Click to see 816.70 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 101781231 Click to see 770.70 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 101781233 Click to see 800.70 unknown via CMAUP database
5,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavone-3-yl 2-O-[4-O-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-trans-cinnamoyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside 101781226 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C)OC(=O)C=CC7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 932.80 unknown via CMAUP database
Amurenoside A 10653411 Click to see 932.80 unknown via CMAUP database
Amurenoside B 11803929 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)COC6C(C(C(C(O6)C)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)OC)O)O)O)O)O 932.80 unknown via CMAUP database
Clitorin 11592917 Click to see 740.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Kaempferol-3-O-Rutinoside 5318767 Click to see 594.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Manghaslin 11498684 Click to see 756.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Myricetin-3-O-rutinoside 21577860 Click to see 626.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Narcissin 5481663 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O 624.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Rutin 5280805 Click to see 610.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
Quercetin 3-rutinoside-7-glucoside 10190763 Click to see 772.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylated isoflavonoids
(3S)-vestitone 44446897 Click to see COC1=CC(=C(C=C1)C2COC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3)O)O 286.28 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxychalcones
Isoliquiritigenin 638278 Click to see 256.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
4-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-3-methoxybenzoic acid 14132337 Click to see 330.29 unknown via CMAUP database

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