Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Ethnobotanical Uses of Hovenia acerba

Among peoples from southern China to northern Vietnam and Taiwan, the sweet‑tasting fruiting peduncles of Hovenia acerba have long been collected after the small fruits have ripened and fallen, and decocted as a warming tea taken to “neutralize alcohol,” relieve dizziness and “remedy intoxication,” and calm the stomach after heavy drinking. The same preparation is reported in traditional Vietnamese medicine (as zhī jì jiǔ) and in parts of inland China, where the peduncles are also infused to ease thirst and reduce a feeling of heaviness after meals. Korean ethnobotanical surveys describe the dried peduncles being sliced or powdered and steeped as a tea for similar post‑drinking discomfort, though many texts bundle Hovenia acerba with H. dulcis (zhī jì). Contemporary field accounts from these regions, summarized by Ding et al., 2013, and by Wu et al., 2014, record the decoction/infusion of peduncles as the principal traditional preparation. Choisy’s original botanical record (1845) and the species description by Lindley also note that the swollen peduncles are the part collected and used in traditional practice.

Modern ethnobotanical documentation does not list poultices or macerations for H. acerba; infusions and decoctions remain the dominant modes. A simple, traditional “hangover tea” is made by simmering 6–10 g of sliced or lightly crushed, dried peduncles in about 250 ml of water for 15–20 minutes, optionally cooling to a comfortable drinking temperature and enjoying 1–2 cups after drinking. In parallel, a 1:5 ethanol tincture has become popular: macerate 50 g of chopped dried peduncles in 250 ml of 40–50% ethanol for 2–4 weeks, shaking occasionally, then press and bottle. Standard practice in most practitioner compendia recommends short courses only, and because large doses have occasionally been linked to lowered blood sugar, people with diabetes or hypoglycemia should use it cautiously or avoid it; pregnant or nursing women are advised to avoid unknown ethanol concentrations. Alcoholic beverages paired with any Hovenia preparation are not recommended.

The activity of these preparations is plausible given a consistent suite of phytochemicals found in the peduncles of Hovenia acerba. Multiple Chinese research groups have isolated dihydromyricetin (ampelopsin), vitexin, isovitexin, quercetin, and kaempferol from the tissue (Zhu et al., 2017; Xie et al., 2019). Dihydromyricetin and flavonoids exhibit antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory, and liver‑protective actions, and acute‑alcohol studies in rodents repeatedly show blunted intoxication, accelerated blood alcohol clearance, and attenuation of hangover‑like symptoms with dihydromyricetin treatment (Wang et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2020).

Today, commercial “hangover teas” and standardized supplements in East and Southeast Asia often draw on Hovenia dulcis, but many raw‑material lists specify or include Hovenia acerba, reflecting the long‑standing cultural interchange. Research on dihydromyricetin’s effects continues to appear, and dried Hovenia acerba peduncles remain available in regional herbal shops for domestic decoction, underscoring the plant’s living place in contemporary wellness and traditional practice.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Fruit of Hovenia acerba is harvested for fresh consumption, dried fruit, jam, and for alcoholic beverages (fruit wine). Seeds are pressed to obtain an edible seed oil; the oil is also used for biodiesel production. The bark yields a red‑brown natural dye, and the wood is converted into lumber for furniture and construction.

Industrial and craft applications:
The seed oil’s fatty‑acid profile (linoleic ≈ 55–60 %, oleic ≈ 20 %) makes it suitable as a feedstock for biodiesel meeting ASTM D6751 specifications. Timber is utilized for structural members, furniture, and cabinetry; bark and leaf fibers can be processed into low‑grade pulp for paper. Bark tannins are applied in leather tanning.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
Fresh fruit is eaten out‑of‑hand and processed into jams, candied fruit, syrups, and juice. Fermented fruit wine is produced in regions such as Guizhou and Yunnan. The high soluble‑sugar content (≈ 15–20 % of fresh weight) provides natural sweetness for confectionery applications.

Colorants and tanning:
Anthocyanins extracted from the fruit (≈ 80–120 mg · 100 g⁻¹ fresh weight) give a stable red‑purple hue and are used as natural food colourants. Bark contains hydrolyzable tannins (≈ 10–15 % dry weight) that are employed in the leather‑tanning industry.

Wood and fiber:
The heartwood has a density of 0.75–0.85 g · cm⁻³ and a lignin content of 30–35 %, providing durability for structural timber and high‑quality furniture. Bark and leaf bast fibers (≈ 5 % of dry weight) are suitable for rope, coarse textiles, and paper pulp.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
Essential oil distilled from the fruit contains volatile terpenes (e.g., linalool, geraniol) and is incorporated into fragrance blends and cosmetic formulations as a natural aroma component.

Properties relevant to use:
Seed oil yield is 20–25 % of dry seed weight; iodine value 120–130 g I₂ · 100 g⁻¹, suitable for biodiesel transesterification. Fruit anthocyanins are stable at pH 3–4, enabling use as a natural colour additive. Bark tannins exhibit high reactivity with collagen, useful for leather processing. Wood mechanical properties (modulus of rupture ≈ 80 MPa) support structural applications.

Standards and regulation:
Edible seed oil must comply with Chinese national standard GB 2716‑2015 (edible vegetable oil) for peroxide value, moisture, and fatty‑acid composition. Biodiesel derived from the oil must meet ASTM D6751 or EN 14214 fuel specifications. Natural colourants from the fruit are listed under GB 2760‑2014 (food additive standards). Leather‑tanning agents must satisfy GB 1993‑2013 (leather production). Timber used for construction is graded according to GB 1927 (timber classification).

Sustainability and sourcing:
Hovenia acerba is cultivated in orchards in Guizhou, Yunnan, and neighbouring provinces. Fruit is harvested seasonally; seed oil is obtained by mechanical pressing without solvents; bark is collected from mature trees in rotational cycles to maintain stock. Timber is sourced from managed plantations; the species shows low invasive potential and contributes to rural livelihoods.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Hovenia inaequalis	DC.	Prodr. 2: 40 (1825)
Hovenia parviflora	Nakai & Kimura	Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 53: 478 (1939)
Ziziphus esquirolii	H.Lév.	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 148 (1911)
Hovenia dulcis var. acerba	(Lindl.) Sengupta & Safui	Bull. Bot. Surv. India 26: 55 (1984 publ. 1985)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	chinese raisin tree
lzh	枳椇
Chinese	金果梨
Chinese	枳犋子
Chinese	枳犋
Chinese	一种维管植物
Chinese	鸡爪树
Chinese	鸡爪子枸
Chinese	鸡爪子
Chinese	枣
Chinese	万字果
Chinese	枳犋(枳犋子、拐枣）
Chinese	南枳椇
Chinese	枸
Chinese	拐枣
Chinese	枳椇
Chinese	枳棋子

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Hovenia acerba var. kiukiangensis	(Hu & W.C.Cheng) C.Y.Wu ex Y.L.Chen	Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5: 87 (1979)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China North-central
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Tibet

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - East Himalaya
  - Nepal
- Indo-China
  - Myanmar
  - Thailand

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0001131352
Tropicos	27501212
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:717557-1
The Plant List	tro-27501212
Open Tree Of Life	266695
NCBI Taxonomy	210357
IUCN Red List	147025954
IPNI	717557-1
iNaturalist	706733
GBIF	7273758
EOL	2889191
USDA GRIN	403038
CMAUP	NPO29415
Wikipedia	Hovenia_acerba

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Inverse relationship between species competitiveness and intraspecific trait variability may enable species coexistence in experimental seedling communities

Yang J, Wang X, Carmona CP, Wang X, Shen G

Nat Commun

03-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC10991546
doi:	10.1038/s41467-024-47295-4
PMID:	38570481

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Yi people in Mile, Yunnan, China

Li H, Huang C, Li Y, Wang P, Sun J, Bi Z, Xia S, Xiong Y, Bai X, Huang X

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

23-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10893717
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00656-1
PMID:	38395900

Study on medicinal food plants in the Gaoligongshan Biosphere Reserve, the richest biocultural diversity center in China

Cheng Z, Lin S, Wu Z, Lin C, Zhang Q, Xu C, Li J, Long C

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

15-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10790445
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00638-9
PMID:	38225656

The improvement of Hovenia acerba-sorghum co-fermentation in terms of microbial diversity, functional ingredients, and volatile flavor components during Baijiu fermentation

Zhang J, Zhao M, Chen J, Zhu Y, Xiao C, Li Q, Weng X, Duan Y, Zuo Y

Front Microbiol

05-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10797018
doi:	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1299917
PMID:	38249457

The complete chloroplast genome of Ziziphus mairei Dode 1908 (Rhamnaceae), an endangered perennial plant in Yunnan, China

Wang S, Liu Y, Li R, Wang S, Huang Y

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

24-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10763858
doi:	10.1080/23802359.2023.2290844
PMID:	38173918

Editorial: Advanced insights into environmental stress and tolerance mechanisms in forest trees

Abiri R, Abdul-Hamid H, Leung DW

Front Plant Sci

12-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10523773
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1273663
PMID:	37771484

The complete chloroplast genome of Grewia biloba var. parviflora (Bunge) Hand.-Mazz. (Malvaceae)

Hou WJ, Men WX, Bian C, Song YY, Yang YY, Xu L, Kang TG

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

02-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10399491
doi:	10.1080/23802359.2023.2240057
PMID:	37545553

Woody plant functional traits and phylogenetic signals correlate with urbanization in remnant forest patches

Yang J, Wang Z, Pan Y, Zheng Y

Ecol Evol

31-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10388403
doi:	10.1002/ece3.10366
PMID:	37529580

Sequencing the chloroplast genome of a jujube genotype (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. 'Fengmiguan') uncovered a 101 bp insertion in the large-single copy region

Zhang S, Li B, Han L, Yang M, Liu M

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

06-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10327523
doi:	10.1080/23802359.2023.2231246
PMID:	37426571

Diversity and traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used by Shui people in Southwest China

Liu S, Zhang B, Lei Q, Zhou J, Ali M, Long C

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

30-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10230803
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00594-4
PMID:	37254191

Changes in homegardens in relocation villages, a case study in the Baiku Yao area in Southern China

Hu R, Xu C, Nong Y, Luo B

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

27-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9972620
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00578-4
PMID:	36849896

Multi-Index Comprehensive Assessment Optimized Critical Flavonoids Extraction from Semen Hoveniae and Their In Vitro Digestive Behavior Evaluation

Fu X, Tan Y, Shi M, Zeng C, Qin S

Foods

10-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9955648
doi:	10.3390/foods12040773
PMID:	36832847

Extracting myricetin and dihydromyricetin simultaneously from Hovenia acerba seed by Ultrasound-Assisted extraction on a lab and small Pilot-Scale

Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Xiong T, Niu Y, Huang Y

Ultrason Sonochem

18-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9876941
doi:	10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106304
PMID:	36682213

Ethnobotanical study of the wild edible and healthy functional plant resources of the Gelao people in northern Guizhou, China

Xie J, Liu F, Jia X, Zhao Y, Liu X, Luo M, He Y, Liu S, Wu F

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

19-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9761637
doi:	10.1186/s13002-022-00572-2
PMID:	36536370

Responses of tree seedlings to understory filtering by the recalcitrant fern layer in a subtropical forest

Liu H, Liang M, Yang Q, Zhang J, Shen G, Zhang Z, Wang X

Front Plant Sci

24-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9730283
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2022.1033731
PMID:	36507462

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters
Propyl Benzoate	16846	Click to see CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1	164.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids
Benzoic Acid	243	Click to see	122.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
Protocatechuic Acid	72	Click to see	154.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid	370	Click to see	170.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Galloyl esters
Ethyl gallate	13250	Click to see CCOC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O	198.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl Gallate	7428	Click to see	184.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
Propyl Gallate	4947	Click to see	212.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Resorcinols
5-((8Z,11Z)-heptadeca-8,11-dien-1-yl)resorcinol	14235913	Click to see	344.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
5-(Heptadec-12-enyl)resorcinol	5281859	Click to see CCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)O	346.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
5-[(E)-heptadec-12-enyl]benzene-1,3-diol	5318012	Click to see	346.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
5-[(Z)-heptadec-11-enyl]benzene-1,3-diol	24802634	Click to see	346.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Hexacontane	24318	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	843.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Triacontane	12535	Click to see	422.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Eicosanoic Acid	10467	Click to see	312.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Heptadecanoic Acid	10465	Click to see	270.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Myristic Acid	11005	Click to see	228.37	unknown	via CMAUP database
Oleic Acid	445639	Click to see	282.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Palmitic Acid	985	Click to see	256.42	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pentadecanoic Acid	13849	Click to see	242.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Stearic Acid	5281	Click to see	284.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Linoleic Acid	5280450	Click to see	280.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Linolenic Acid	5280934	Click to see	278.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Diradylglycerols / Diacylglycerols / 1,2-diacylglycerols
Diolein	6505653	Click to see	621.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Diradylglycerols / Diacylglycerols / 1,3-diacylglycerols
1,3-Dielaidin	5316908	Click to see CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC)O	621.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Monoradylglycerols / Monoacylglycerols / 1-monoacylglycerols
(2r)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl (9z)-Octadec-9-Enoate	11451146	Click to see	356.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Monoradylglycerols / Monoacylglycerols / 2-monoacylglycerols
2-Oleoylglycerol	5319879	Click to see	356.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids
Aubergenone	15601418	Click to see	236.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids
Taraxerol	92097	Click to see	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Taraxerone	92785	Click to see	424.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Carotenes
Beta-Carotene	5280489	Click to see	536.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Xanthophylls
(1R,3S,6S)-6-[(1E,3E,5E,7Z,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1S,4S,6R)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol	12358665	Click to see	600.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1R,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol	44481270	Click to see CC1=C(C(CC(C1)O)(C)C)C=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC2C(=CC(CC2(C)C)O)C)C)C	568.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3S,3'S)-Zeaxanthin	21772452	Click to see	568.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3S)-beta-Cryptoxanthin	44554791	Click to see	552.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
(5S,6R)-beta-carotene 5,6-epoxide	9548874	Click to see	552.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
9-cis-Violaxanthin	5282218	Click to see	600.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
Violaxanthin	448438	Click to see	600.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Erythrodiol	101761	Click to see	442.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aR,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14aR,14bS)-1,2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-octamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14,14a,14b-hexadecahydropicene-2,10-diol	10478653	Click to see	444.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,2S,4aS,6aR,6aR,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14aR,14bS)-1,2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-octamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14,14a,14b-hexadecahydropicene-2,10-diol	14313598	Click to see CC1C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1(C)O)C)C)C)(C)C)O)C	444.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,11R,12S,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-ol	10836206	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(4aR,6aR,6aR,6bR,8aS,11S,12S,12aS,14aR,14bR)-11-hydroxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-one	101290252	Click to see	442.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
9,19-Cyclolanostan-28-ol, (4beta)-	101670839	Click to see	428.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Alpha-Amyrin	73170	Click to see	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Beta-Amyrin	73145	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Dammarenediol I	441675	Click to see	444.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Epifriedelanol	119242	Click to see	428.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Friedelin	91472	Click to see	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Friedelinol	101341	Click to see CC1C(CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C)O	428.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Lupeol	259846	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Lupeol Acetate	92157	Click to see	468.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Oleanolic aldehyde	10321055	Click to see	440.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cholestane steroids / Cholesterols and derivatives
Cholesterol	5997	Click to see	386.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cycloartanols and derivatives
(1S,3R,6S,8R,11S,12S,15R,16R)-15-[(2R,5R)-5-hydroxy-6-methylhept-6-en-2-yl]-7,7,12,16-tetramethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecan-6-ol	14313591	Click to see	442.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,3R,6S,8R,11S,12S,15R,16R)-15-[(E,2R)-6-methoxy-6-methylhept-4-en-2-yl]-7,7,12,16-tetramethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecan-6-ol	21599950	Click to see CC(CC=CC(C)(C)OC)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,3R,8R,11S,12S,15R,16R)-15-[(2R,6S)-7-hydroxy-6-methyl-5-methylideneheptan-2-yl]-7,7,12,16-tetramethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecan-6-one	100966504	Click to see	454.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(24S)-Cycloartane-3\|A,24,25-triol	14314549	Click to see CC(CCC(C(C)(C)O)O)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C	460.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,6R)-6-[(1S,3R,6S,8R,11S,12S,15R,16R)-6-hydroxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]-2-methyl-3-methylideneheptanoic acid	101286241	Click to see	470.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(4I(2),24E)-28-Hydroxy-3-oxo-9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-26-oic acid	45270931	Click to see	470.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(E,4R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-[(1S,3R,8R,11S,12S,15R,16R)-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-6-oxo-15-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]hept-2-enoic acid	101881652	Click to see	470.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(E,4R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-[(1S,3R,6S,8R,11S,12S,15R,16R)-6-hydroxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]-2-methylhept-2-enoic acid	100966505	Click to see	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(E,4S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-[(1S,3R,6S,8R,11S,12S,15R,16R)-6-hydroxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]-2-methylhept-2-enoic acid	100966506	Click to see CC(CC(C=C(C)C(=O)O)O)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(E,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,3R,6R,8R,11S,12S,15R,16R)-6-hydroxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]hept-2-enoic acid	14314564	Click to see CC(CCC=C(CO)C(=O)O)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(E,6R)-6-[(1S,3R,6S,8R,11S,12S,15R,16R)-6-hydroxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]-2-methylhept-2-enal	14314541	Click to see	440.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
24-Methylenecycloartanol	94204	Click to see	440.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
24-Methylenecycloartanone	14635659	Click to see	438.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
27-Hydroxymangiferolic acid	45269256	Click to see CC(CCC=C(CO)C(=O)O)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
27-Hydroxymangiferonic acid	45270932	Click to see	470.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ambonic acid	101286242	Click to see CC(CCC(=C)C(C)C(=O)O)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(=O)C5(C)C)C)C	468.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cycloart-23-ene-3beta,25-diol	5470009	Click to see CC(CC=CC(C)(C)O)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C	442.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cycloart-23-ene-3I(2),25-diol	393626	Click to see CC(CC=CC(C)(C)O)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C	442.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cycloartane-3I(2),25-diol	14314547	Click to see	444.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cycloartenol	92110	Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cycloartenol Acetate	13023741	Click to see	468.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cycloartenone	12305360	Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(=O)C5(C)C)C)C	424.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isomangiferolic Acid	14034468	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Mangiferolic Acid	45270099	Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C(=O)O)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Mangiferonic Acid	14034474	Click to see	454.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
6beta-Hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one	9823926	Click to see	428.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sitogluside	5742590	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Stigmastane-3,6-diol	12070151	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC(C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)O)C)C(C)C	432.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Glutamic acid and derivatives
CID 6037	6037	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)NCC2=CN=C3C(=N2)C(=O)N=C(N3)N	441.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
2-(Carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxybutanedioate;hydron	88113319	Click to see [H+].[H+].C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O	192.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Organic cyanides / Nitriles
Hydrogen Cyanide	768	Click to see	27.03	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)[2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-[2-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-6-O-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-I(2)-D-glucopyranosyl]phenyl]methanone	102076688	Click to see	696.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)[2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-[2,3,6-tris-O-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-I(2)-D-glucopyranosyl]phenyl]methanone	101352486	Click to see	880.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)[2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-[6-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-2-O-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-I(2)-D-glucopyranosyl]phenyl]methanone	102076687	Click to see	696.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
[2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]phenyl]-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methanone	46206549	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)C2=C(C(=C(C=C2O)OC)C3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O	452.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
[3-[2,6-Bis-O-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-I(2)-D-glucopyranosyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl](4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone	102082135	Click to see	712.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-C-beta-D-glucopyranosylmaclurin	101538363	Click to see	424.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Foliamangiferoside A	46206548	Click to see	422.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides
GlyTouCan:G72499XJ	14211992	Click to see	208.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxane-2,4-diol	13887303	Click to see COCC1C(C(C(C(O1)O)OC)O)OC	222.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranose	111162	Click to see	236.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
2,3,6-Tri-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranose	448683	Click to see COCC1C(C(C(C(O1)O)OC)OC)O	222.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
alpha-D-GALACTOSE	439357	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar acids and derivatives
L-Tartaric acid	444305	Click to see	150.09	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones
1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one	5319258	Click to see C1=C2C(=CC(=C1O)O)OC3=C(C2=O)C(=C(C(=C3)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	438.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,3,7-Trihydroxyxanthone	5281635	Click to see	244.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,6,7-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one	5318081	Click to see	452.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Euxanthone	5281631	Click to see	228.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
Homomangiferin	5491388	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)OC3=CC(=C(C=C3C2=O)O)O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	436.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isomangiferin	5318597	Click to see	422.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Mangiferin	5281647	Click to see C1=C2C(=CC(=C1O)O)OC3=C(C2=O)C(=C(C(=C3)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	422.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Norathyriol	5281656	Click to see	260.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones
alpha-Methylbutyrolactone, (R)-	638758	Click to see	100.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthopyrans / Naphthopyranones
5,5',6'-Trihydroxy-6,8,8'-trimethoxy-2,2'-dimethyl(7,10'-bi-4H-naphtho(2,3-b)pyran)-4,4'-dione	155008	Click to see	556.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rubrofusarin	72537	Click to see	272.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Catechin	9064	Click to see	290.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
Epicatechin	72276	Click to see	290.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins / Catechin gallates
(+)-Catechin 3-Gallate	5276454	Click to see	442.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones / Flavanonols
(2R,3S)-2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2,3-Dihydrochromen-4-One	712318	Click to see	304.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Fisetin	5281614	Click to see	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
(2R,3R)-2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-3-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside	21626710	Click to see	452.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
quercetin 3-O-sophoroside	5282166	Click to see	626.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercitrin	5280459	Click to see	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rhamnetin 3-galactoside	10344991	Click to see	478.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rhamnetin 3-O-\|A-D-glucopyranoside	14704554	Click to see	478.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflav-2-enes / Isoflavones
5-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxylphenyl)pyrano[3,2-g]chromene-4(8h)-one	91356749	Click to see C1C=CC2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2O)C(=O)C(=CO3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O	308.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins
Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose	65238	Click to see	940.70	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Hovenia acerba

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