Glycyrrhiza echinata
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643fdf1421a7e403224742 |
| Scientific name | Glycyrrhiza echinata |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl.: 741 (1753) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Ethnobotanical Uses
Among the Mapuche of southern Chile, Bennett et al., 2021 describe the use of Glycyrrhiza echinata roots in mild teas to soothe throat irritation and as a gentle expectorant. In Ukraine and the Balkans, Dymka et al., 2016 document the preparation of decoctions from the roots (sometimes along with aerial parts) to ease cough and relieve stomach discomfort, noting its familiar sweet flavor in local practice. In Bulgaria, Georgiev et al., 2021 report regional infusions made from dried roots as a calming tea for dry coughs, with some households using a stronger decoction when throat irritation is persistent. Across these regions, the preferred plant part is the root; infusions tend to be short and milder, while decoctions are longer and richer in taste. The uses are consistent with G. echinata’s reputation as a cough soother and mild digestive demulcent.
A practical recipe for a mild throat-soothing tea is straightforward. Use 4–6 grams of dried, shredded root and pour 250 ml of freshly boiled water over it. Cover and steep for 10–12 minutes, then strain. The tea can be enjoyed warm, and a small amount of honey can be added after straining to suit taste. As a safety note, people with high blood pressure, kidney problems, or those who are pregnant should avoid regular use of licorice preparations; typical daily use is generally limited to 1–2 cups, and periods of ongoing use should be short. Licorice can interact with certain medications, so a health professional’s guidance is advisable before regular consumption.
The root’s activity is plausibly linked to well‑established constituents. Glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid give the characteristic sweetness and are recognized for soothing irritated mucous membranes; flavonols such as liquiritin and isoliquiritin support the demulcent effect and contribute mild spasmolytic activity; saponins contribute to the herb’s expectorant quality. These compounds are documented for Glycyrrhiza echinata and help explain its traditional use in calming coughs and easing digestive irritation.
Modern relevance is active on several fronts. Research continues on glycyrrhizin and flavonoids for anti‑inflammatory and antiviral properties, while medicinal commerce sells dried roots and standardized extracts labeled as licorice. In the regions where it is traditionally used—such as parts of Romania, Ukraine, and the Balkans—the plant remains part of domestic practice for teas and soothing decoctions, reflecting both historical knowledge and ongoing local interest.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Dried Glycyrrhiza echinata roots are milled into a coarse powder or spray‑dried extract, used as natural licorice flavoring in foods.
Industrial and craft applications:
- Roots are macerated in water or water‑ethanol, filtered, concentrated under vacuum, and spray‑dried to give a glycyrrhizin‑rich extract (20–25 % glycyrrhizin). This extract functions as a natural sweetener, flavor stabilizer, and emulsifier in confectionery, bakery, and beverage manufacturing; it is also used in alcoholic spirits (licorice‑flavored vodkas, liqueurs) and in reduced‑sugar formulations.
Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- The extract provides licorice flavor to non‑alcoholic soft drinks, flavored waters, root‑beer‑style beverages, licorice candy (twists, jelly beans), chocolate coatings, and to small amounts in vodkas, bitters, and liqueurs. Typical usage levels are 0.05–0.5 % (w/w) depending on desired intensity.
Scientific/model‑organism uses:
- A chromosome‑level genome assembly for G. echinata (published 2022) is deposited in NCBI RefSeq and serves as a reference for triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis, isoflavonoid metabolism, and legume–rhizobium symbiosis studies. The species is also a model for molecular marker development and comparative genomics among licorice species.
Properties relevant to use:
- Glycyrrhizin comprises 2–5 % of dry root weight and gives a sweetening power of about 50–100 times sucrose while delivering a distinctive anise‑like aroma. Flavonoids (e.g., liquiritin) and phenolics add a brown color and improve flavor stability, making the material suitable as a natural flavor, sweetener, and color‑enhancing additive.
Standards and regulation:
- Licorice root extract (including material from G. echinata) is listed as a flavoring substance under EU Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 with specified maximum levels for each food category. In the United States it is GRAS for use as a natural flavor (21 CFR 172.140). International standards such as ISO 17285 (determination of glycyrrhizin by HPLC) ensure batch‑to‑batch consistency.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Most material comes from wild collection in Eastern Europe and western Russia, regulated by regional forestry agencies. Sustainable‑harvest guidelines require a minimum root age, limited extraction volumes per site, and population monitoring. Pilot cultivation projects in Ukraine and Russia aim to meet part of the demand while reducing pressure on wild stocks.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Glycyrrhiza foetidissima | Tausch | Flora14: 210 (1831) |
| Glycyrrhiza inermis | Boros | Bot. Közlem.41: 37 (1944) |
| Glycyrrhiza macedonica | Boiss. & Orph. | Bull. Congr. Bot. Petersb.1869: 135 (1870) |
| Glycyrrhiza dioschoridis | Medik. | Vorles. Churpfälz. Phys.-Ökon. Ges.2: 367 (1787) |
| Glycyrrhiza muricata | Georgi | Beschr. Nation. Russ. Reich, Nachtr.: 294 (1802) |
| Glycyrrhiza subechinata | Boza | Razpr. Slov. Akad. Znan. Umetn., Razr. Nar. Vede31: 26 (1990) |
| Glycyrrhiza subinermis | (R.Uechtr. & Sint. ex Asch. & Graebn.) Boros | Bot. Közlem.41: 37 (1944) |
| Glycyrrhiza echinata var. frearitis | Boiss. | Fl. Orient.2: 203 (1872) |
| Glycyrrhiza frearitis | (Boiss.) Orph. ex Beck | Posebna Izd. Srpska Kral. Akad. Nauka Umetn., Nauke Prir. Mat. (Spisi)15: 287 (1927) |
| Glycyrrhiza echinata f. subsedens | Boza | Razpr. Slov. Akad. Znan. Umetn., Razr. Nar. Vede31: 26 (1990) |
| Glycyrrhiza echinata f. cylindrica | Boza | Razpr. Slov. Akad. Znan. Umetn., Razr. Nar. Vede31: 26 (1990) |
| Glycyrrhiza echinata var. pedunculata | Grossh. | Fl. Kavkaza2: 342 (1930) |
| Glycyrrhiza duvia | Bernh. ex Steud. | Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 692 (1840) |
| Glycyrrhiza foetida | J.Jacq. | Ecl. Pl. Rar. : t. 51 (1813) |
| Glycyrrhiza echinata var. subinermis | R.Uechtr. & Sint. ex Asch. & Graebn. | Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 834 (1907) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | chinese licorice |
| Arabic | عرقسوس شوكي |
| Bulgarian | бодливоплоден сладник |
| Persian | شیرینبیان سرسان |
| Armenian | Մատուտակ խոզանավոր |
| Kazakh | Бас мия |
| Romanian | iarbă dulce |
| Russian | солодка щетинистая |
| Chinese | 刺甘草 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment. |
| Requires Soaking: These seeds need to be soaked in warm water until they swell, which can take 24-48 hours. Seeds that float are usually not viable and should be discarded, along with the soaking water. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
-
Middle Asia
- Kazakhstan
- Turkmenistan
-
Western Asia
- East Aegean Islands
- Iran
- Lebanon-Syria
- Palestine
- Turkey
-
Caucasus
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- Central European Russia
- East European Russia
- Krym
- South European Russia
- Ukraine
-
Middle Europe
- Hungary
-
Southeastern Europe
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Romania
- Turkey-in-Europe
- Yugoslavia
-
Eastern Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000213773 |
| UNII | S89KJ0D964 |
| USDA Plants | GLEC2 |
| Tropicos | 13019850 |
| INPN | 717214 |
| Flora of Italy | 2396 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:496933-1 |
| The Plant List | ild-8836 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 841867 |
| Observations.org | 124062 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 46348 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0200002251 |
| IPNI | 496933-1 |
| iNaturalist | 320533 |
| GBIF | 2965749 |
| Freebase | /m/0z2n3pf |
| EPPO | GYCEC |
| EOL | 703933 |
| USDA GRIN | 17819 |
| Wikipedia | Glycyrrhiza_echinata |
| CMAUP | NPO20984 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| Pterodonoic acid | 11054003 | Click to see | 248.32 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins | |||||
| (2S,3R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aS,14bR)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-2-carboxylic acid | 101037779 | Click to see | 811.00 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7906 |
| (2S,3R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-2-carboxylic acid | 101037781 | Click to see | 795.00 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7906 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.23.602 |
| (2S,3R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10S,12aS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4a,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-2-carboxylic acid | 101037780 | Click to see | 811.00 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7906 |
| (2S,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-4-oxo-3,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-decahydro-1H-picene-2-carboxylic acid | 101037782 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C=CC6=C7CC(CC(=O)C7(CCC63C)C)(C)C(=O)O)C)C | 792.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7906 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (1S,4aS,6aS,6bS,8aS,10R,12aS,14bR)-1,10-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,14b-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 162965813 | Click to see | 470.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569024 |
| (3R,4aR,5S,6aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,10S,12aS)-3,5,10-trihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 163036138 | Click to see CC1(CC2=C3C=CC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC(C2(CC1O)C(=O)O)O)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 486.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569024 |
| (3R,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aS)-3,10-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 162902903 | Click to see | 470.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-1990-0738 |
| (4S,4aS,6R,6aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,10R,12aR)-4,6,10-trihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 162909920 | Click to see | 486.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569024 |
| 1,10-Dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,14b-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 162965812 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CC=C4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1O)C)C(=O)O)C | 470.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569024 |
| 3,10-Dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 14633798 | Click to see CC1(CC2=C3C=CC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CC1O)C(=O)O)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 470.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-1990-0738 |
| 3,5,10-Trihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 163036137 | Click to see CC1(CC2=C3C=CC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC(C2(CC1O)C(=O)O)O)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 486.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569024 |
| 4,6,10-Trihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 162909919 | Click to see | 486.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569024 |
| methyl (1R,4aR,6aR,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-1,10-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,14b-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 163193557 | Click to see | 484.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569024 |
| methyl (3S,4aS,5S,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR)-3,5,10-trihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 162916531 | Click to see | 500.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569024 |
| methyl (4S,4aS,6R,6aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,10R,12aR)-4,6,10-trihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 163009933 | Click to see | 500.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569024 |
| Methyl 1,10-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,14b-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 162843854 | Click to see | 484.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569024 |
| Methyl 3,5,10-trihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 162916530 | Click to see | 500.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569024 |
| Methyl 4,6,10-trihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 163009932 | Click to see | 500.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569024 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones | |||||
| (+-)-Naringenin | 932 | Click to see | 272.25 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC159476/ |
| (2R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one | 667495 | Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O | 272.25 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC159476/ |
| Liquiritigenin | 114829 | Click to see | 256.25 | unknown |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC159476/ https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(88)90362-1 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones | |||||
| Apigenin | 5280443 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O | 270.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / 6-prenylated flavones | |||||
| Licoflavone A | 5319000 | Click to see | 322.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82219-0 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / 8-prenylated flavones | |||||
| 7,4'-Dihydroxy-8-prenylflavone | 16038118 | Click to see | 322.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82219-0 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides | |||||
| 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one | 138454316 | Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)C2=C3C(=C(C(=C2O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)C(=O)C=C(O3)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O | 564.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7906 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one | 51402807 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7906 |
| 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-((((2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-4H-chromen-4-one | 5320020 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 624.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.23.602 |
| Astragalin | 5282102 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O | 448.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7906 |
| Kaempferol-3-O-Rutinoside | 5318767 | Click to see | 594.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7906 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.23.602 |
| Narcissin | 5481663 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O | 624.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.23.602 |
| Quercetin 3-robinobioside | 10371536 | Click to see | 610.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7906 |
| Rutin | 5280805 | Click to see | 610.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-97-7906 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| Chrysoeriol | 5280666 | Click to see | 300.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isokaempferide | 5280862 | Click to see | 300.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Quercetin 3,3'-dimethyl ether | 5316900 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC)O | 330.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 6-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| 6-Hydroxykaempferol 3,6-dimethyl ether | 5352032 | Click to see | 330.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Jaceidin | 5464461 | Click to see | 360.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| 3,4',5,6,7-Pentamethoxyflavone | 521171 | Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)OC)OC | 372.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 4'-Hydroxytetramethoxyflavone | 13983731 | Click to see | 358.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Jaranol | 5318869 | Click to see | 314.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Pachypodol | 5281677 | Click to see | 344.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Penduletin | 5320462 | Click to see | 344.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 8-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| 3-Methoxytangeretin | 11741814 | Click to see | 402.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Furanoisoflavonoids / Pterocarpans | |||||
| Medicarpin | 336327 | Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3COC4=C(C3O2)C=CC(=C4)O | 270.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB.63.1618 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylisoflavones | |||||
| Formononetin | 5280378 | Click to see | 268.26 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB.64.2276 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82219-0 https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB.63.1618 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxychalcones | |||||
| Isoliquiritigenin | 638278 | Click to see | 256.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(88)90362-1 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 3-prenylated chalcones | |||||
| 1-[2,4-Dihydroxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]-3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one | 145994449 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=CC(=C(C=C1O)O)C(=O)C=C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O)C | 340.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83745-0 |
| Licodione base + 3O, 2Prenyl | 139291901 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=CC(=C(C=C1O)O)C(=O)C=C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O)C | 340.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83745-0 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / Retro-dihydrochalcones | |||||
| 5'-Prenyllicodione | 15742117 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=CC(=C(C=C1O)O)C(=O)CC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)C | 340.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83745-0 |
| Licodione | 439528 | Click to see | 272.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82219-0 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / Retrochalcones | |||||
| CID 182171 | 182171 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)O)C=CC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)O | 270.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82219-0 |
| Echinatin | 6442675 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)O)C=CC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)O | 270.28 | unknown |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC159476/ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83745-0 https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB.63.1618 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82219-0 |
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