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Lilium philadelphicum

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64401b3c7e9a3439790939
Scientific name Lilium philadelphicum
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. ed. 2 : 435 (1762)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
The starchy bulbs of Lilium philadelphicum have been documented as a food resource by Indigenous peoples of North America. Roots and bulbs were traditionally processed (e.g., boiling, roasting) to improve palatability and digestibility. This is a historical/regional use; contemporary commercial food applications are not documented in standard reference works.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Lilium philadelphicum is listed as threatened or endangered in parts of its North American range. Wild harvesting is therefore inappropriate. Cultivation for food is not widely reported; establishment in horticulture or restoration contexts would require careful sourcing of ethically produced material to avoid impacts on wild populations.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Lilium lanceolatum T.J.Fitzp. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 13: 131 (1906)
Lilium masseyi Hyams Bot. Gaz. 28: 431 (1899)
Lilium montanum A.Nelson Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 6 (1899)
Lilium wansharicum hort. ex Duch. J. Soc. Natl. Hort. Paris , sér. 2, 5: 49 (1871)
Lilium umbellatum Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 229 (1813)
Lilium andinum Nutt. Cat. s.p. 1813
Lilium philadelphicum subsp. umbellatum (Pursh) Á.Löve & D.Löve Taxon 30(4): 850 (1981):.
Lilium philadelphicum f. montanum (A.Nelson) Wherry Bartonia 24: 7 (1947)
Lilium philadelphicum f. andinum (Nutt.) Voss Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 , 1: 1096 (1895)
Lilium philadelphicum f. flaviflorum E.F.Williams Rhodora 15: 218 (1913)
Lilium philadelphicum f. immaculatum Raup Contr. Arnold Arbor. 6: 138 (1934)
Lilium philadelphicum f. masseyi (Hyams) Wherry Bartonia 24: 7 (1947)
Lilium philadelphicum f. pulchrum Wherry Bartonia 24: 7 (1947)
Lilium philadelphicum f. wausharaicum (Leichtlin ex Duch.) Wherry Bartonia 25: 71 (1949)
Lilium philadelphicum f. lanceolatum (T.J.Fitzp.) Wherry Bartonia 24: 7 (1947)
Lilium philadelphicum var. pulchrum Aldrich Hardwicke's Sci. Gossip 25: 189 (1889)
Lilium philadelphicum var. angustifolium Duch. J. Soc. Natl. Hort. France , sér. 2, 5: 50 (1871)
Lilium philadelphicum var. montanum (A.Nelson) Cockerell Fl. Boulder Colorado : 92 (1911)
Lilium philadelphicum var. wausharaicum Leichtlin ex Duch. J. Soc. Natl. Hort. France , sér. 2, 5: 49 (1871)
Lilium philadelphicum var. andinum (Nutt.) Ker Gawl. Bot. Reg. 7: t. 594 (1822)
Lilium philadelphicum subsp. typicum Wherry Bartonia 24: 7 (1947)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English western red lily
English wood lily
Arabic زنبق فيلادلفي
French lys des prairies
French lis de philadelphie
French lys de philadelphie
Hebrew ליליאום פילדלפיקום
Malayalam വുഡ് ലില്ലി, ഫിലാഡൽഫിയ ലില്ലി, പ്രേയറി ലില്ലി, വെസ്റ്റേൺ റെഡ് ലില്ലി
Malayalam ലിലിയം ഫിലാഡെൽഫിക്കം
Swedish bägarlilja
Ukrainian лілія філадельфійська

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow at 4°C for 3 weeks, then increase to 20°C.
J or D; very irregular germination

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • Ontario
      • Québec
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Iowa
      • Minnesota
      • Missouri
      • Nebraska
      • North Dakota
      • South Dakota
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Indiana
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Hampshire
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Rhode Island
      • Vermont
      • West Virginia
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado
      • Montana
      • Wyoming
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico
      • Texas
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Delaware
      • District Of Columbia
      • Georgia
      • Kentucky
      • Maryland
      • North Carolina
      • South Carolina
      • Tennessee
      • Virginia
    • Western Canada
      • Alberta
      • British Columbia
      • Manitoba
      • Saskatchewan

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000677468
Canadensys 6534
USDA Plants LIPH
Tropicos 18400677
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:537725-1
The Plant List kew-279881
Open Tree Of Life 726543
NCBI Taxonomy 84056
Nature Serve 2.129053
IPNI 537725-1
iNaturalist 61253
GBIF 2753218
Freebase /m/02p707n
WisFlora 8631
EPPO LILPD
EOL 1002544
USDA GRIN 405358
Wikipedia Lilium_philadelphicum
CMAUP NPO18839

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Lilium liangiae, a new species in the genus Lilium (Liliaceae) that reveals parallel evolution within morphology Yuan Y, Gao Y Front Plant Sci 27-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11004424
doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1371237
PMID:38601309
Just add water: Rainfall‐induced anther closure and color change in Ripariosida hermaphrodita (Malvaceae) Humphreys EA, Skema C Ecol Evol 03-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10316374
doi:10.1002/ece3.10219
PMID:37404694
Examining the utility of DNA barcodes for the identification of tallgrass prairie flora Herzog SA, Latvis M Appl Plant Sci 24-Jan-2021
PMCID:PMC7845766
doi:10.1002/aps3.11405
PMID:33552747
Floristic Changes in the Understory Vegetation of Mixed Temperate New England Freshwater Island Forests over a Period of 33 Years Holland MM, Winkler M Plants (Basel) 18-Nov-2020
PMCID:PMC7698944
doi:10.3390/plants9111600
PMID:33218069
Flower orientation in Gloriosa superba (Colchicaceae) promotes cross-pollination via butterfly wings Daniels RJ, Johnson SD, Peter CI Ann Bot 19-Mar-2020
PMCID:PMC7262471
doi:10.1093/aob/mcaa048
PMID:32188969
Pollen Developmental Arrest: Maintaining Pollen Fertility in a World With a Changing Climate Pacini E, Dolferus R Front Plant Sci 24-May-2019
PMCID:PMC6544056
doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00679
PMID:31178886
Expanding and testing fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphisms for identifying roots of boreal forest plant species Metzler P, La Flèche M, Karst J Appl Plant Sci 08-Apr-2019
PMCID:PMC6476169
doi:10.1002/aps3.1236
PMID:31024780
Exploration and Exploitation of Novel SSR Markers for Candidate Transcription Factor Genes in Lilium Species Biswas MK, Nath UK, Howlader J, Bagchi M, Natarajan S, Kayum MA, Kim HT, Park JI, Kang JG, Nou IS Genes (Basel) 14-Feb-2018
PMCID:PMC5852593
doi:10.3390/genes9020097
PMID:29443955
Temperate mountain grasslands: a climate-herbivore hypothesis for origins and persistence Weigl PD, Knowles TW Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 04-Oct-2013
PMCID:PMC4158879
doi:10.1111/brv.12063
PMID:24118866
Floral colour versus phylogeny in structuring subalpine flowering communities McEwen JR, Vamosi JC Proc Biol Sci 19-May-2010
PMCID:PMC2982023
doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0501
PMID:20484236
Structural Aspects and Ecophysiology of Anther Opening in Allium triquetrum GARCÍA CC, NEPI M, PACINI E Ann Bot 01-Apr-2006
PMCID:PMC2803651
doi:10.1093/aob/mcl015
PMID:16467353

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
Protocatechuic Acid 72 Click to see 154.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillic Acid 8468 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O 168.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenylacetic acids / 2(hydroxyphenyl)acetic acids
2-Hydroxy-5-butoxyphenylacetic acid 15108711 Click to see 224.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Hydroquinones
Butyl 2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetate 44217017 Click to see CCCCOC(=O)CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)O)O 224.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Ethyl 2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetate 297396 Click to see CCOC(=O)CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)O)O 196.20 unknown via CMAUP database
Methyl 2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetate 13790504 Click to see 182.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
Entadamide-A-beta-D-glucopyranoside 101616680 Click to see CSC=CC(=O)NCCOC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O 323.36 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R)-4-[[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aR,5S,6R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,6-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 72737016 Click to see 1544.60 unknown via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R)-4-[[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aR,5S,6R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,6-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 72737187 Click to see 1586.70 unknown via CMAUP database
phaseoloideside A 72736851 Click to see 1512.60 unknown via CMAUP database
phaseoloideside B 72736852 Click to see 1412.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Entagenic acid 21594206 Click to see CC1(CCC2(C(C1)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(C(C2O)O)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C(=O)O)C 488.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Amines / Alkanolamines / 1,2-aminoalcohols / N-acylethanolamines
Entadamide A 6439215 Click to see 161.22 unknown via CMAUP database
Entadamide B 3035981 Click to see CSC(CC(=O)NCCO)SC 209.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
2-beta-d-Glucopyranosyloxy-5-butoxyphenylacetic acid 15108713 Click to see 386.40 unknown via CMAUP database
butyl 2-[5-hydroxy-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]acetate 102143698 Click to see CCCCOC(=O)CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O 386.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Phaseoloidin 14104237 Click to see 330.29 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
(1R,8S,9R,16R,18S,27S)-9-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,8,16,21,23-pentahydroxy-2,10,17,26-tetraoxaheptacyclo[14.11.1.01,13.03,12.06,11.018,27.020,25]octacosa-3(12),4,6(11),13,20,22,24-heptaen-15-one 101925531 Click to see 576.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Catechin 9064 Click to see 290.27 unknown via CMAUP database
Epicatechin 72276 Click to see 290.27 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins / Epigallocatechins
Epigallocatechin 72277 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O 306.27 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
Naringenin 439246 Click to see 272.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones / Flavanonols
Aromadendrin 122850 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O 288.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Taxifolin 439533 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)O 304.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy- 5487757 Click to see 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone 5282073 Click to see 254.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Apigenin 5280443 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 270.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Luteolin 5280445 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Galangin 5281616 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 270.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Isorhamnetin 5281654 Click to see 316.26 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see 302.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Rhamnocitrin 5320946 Click to see 300.26 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Rutin 5280805 Click to see 610.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
Ayanin 5280682 Click to see 344.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Kaempferol 3,7,4'-trimethyl ether 5468749 Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC)O)OC 328.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Cinnamylphenols
4,4'-Dihydroxy-2'-methoxychalcone 5319688 Click to see 270.28 unknown via CMAUP database

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