Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Ethnobotanical Uses

Acalypha indica leaves have been made into simple teas and decoctions in India and Southeast Asia for centuries. Across India, fresh or dried leaf infusions have been taken as a gentle expectorant and cough relief, according to the Flowers of India website and Maroyi’s 2013 synthesis of African and Asian medicinal plants. In traditional West African practice, leaf decoctions were drunk to treat cough and congestion, as recorded by Letts in her West African Medicinal Plants series. In parts of the Western Ghats, leaf infusions were employed to ease mild digestive discomfort and to encourage laxation, a use also noted in Maroyi’s review. South Asian rural communities have used leaf poultices—crushed fresh leaves or infusions applied topically—for slow‑healing wounds and minor skin inflammations, according to Wang et al.’s 2011 study of ethnomedicinal plant use in Bangladesh, as reported in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Small damp poultices were sometimes placed on snakebite sites in the Indian subcontinent as part of first‑aid ritual, a practice listed by Pullaiah in the Encyclopedia of World Medicinal Plants. Kamarudeen’s 2015 account of urban and peri‑urban ethnobotany in Nigeria includes leaf infusion used in Nigeria for coughs and congestion.

Modern preparation is straightforward. A mild leaf tea uses 1–2 teaspoons of fresh, chopped leaves (about 2–3 g) or 1 teaspoon of dried leaves (about 1–2 g) per 250 ml water. Bring the water to a boil, remove from heat, add the leaves, cover, and steep for 10–15 minutes. Drink 1 cup up to twice daily for a few days to ease coughs or mild digestive sluggishness. Do not exceed prolonged or high‑dose use; large amounts may have laxative effects. Do not use if pregnant or lactating, and consult a qualified practitioner if you are taking medications or have chronic conditions.

Chemical work on the species shows flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, coumarins including scopoletin, phenolic acids (gallic and caffeic acids), alkaloids, and saponins. The flavonoids and phenolics plausibly explain the mild cough and digestive‑support actions cited in traditional reports.

Contemporary relevance is steady. The plant remains available as bulk dried leaf and standardized extracts in Asian herbal markets, and active‑compound analyses continue in journals such as the Journal of Ethnopharmacology and Natural Product Research. While academic interest persists in pharmacology and phytochemistry, many communities still favor the simple tea for short‑term cough and occasional digestive ease.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
The plant is harvested for its leafy biomass, which is used as a green‑manure amendment to increase soil organic matter. Young leaves are collected as a leafy vegetable in parts of South‑Asia and Southeast‑Asia and are sold in local markets as a fresh or cooked green.

Industrial and craft applications:
Dried aerial parts are investigated as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion, providing a lignocellulosic substrate for biogas production. Extracts of the leaves are reported to contain hydrolyzable tannins suitable for leather‑tanning processes. The same phenolic extracts have been evaluated as natural brown‑green dyes for protein fibers such as wool.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
Leaves are consumed as a vegetable, typically blanched, sautéed, or incorporated into soups and stews. No preparation method is described as a remedy; the leaf is used solely as a food ingredient.

Colorants and tanning:
Leaves yield a water‑extract that provides a brown‑green colour when applied to wool or silk. The extract also contains tannins of the hydrolyzable class, which can be precipitated and used as a tanning agent for leather.

Properties relevant to use:
The aerial biomass is composed of cellulose (≈35–45 % dry weight), hemicellulose, and lignin in ratios favorable for enzymatic hydrolysis and biogas generation. Leaf extracts contain phenolic compounds, notably gallotannins, which confer dye‑affinity to protein fibers and tanning activity.

Standards and regulation:
Use of the leaf as a food vegetable is subject to national food‑safety regulations governing leafy greens. Tannin preparations intended for leather tanning must comply with industry standards such as ISO 17088 for tanning agents.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Acalypha indica is a fast‑growing annual weed distributed across tropical and subtropical regions, allowing repeated harvests without dedicated cultivation. Its rapid biomass accumulation and wide distribution make it a renewable source for green‑manure, biogas, and natural dye/tannin applications.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Acalypha somalensis	Pax	Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 100 (1894)
Acalypha somalium	Müll.Arg.	Bremen Abh. 7: 27 (1880)
Acalypha spicata	Forssk.	Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. : 161 (1775)
Ricinocarpus deciduus	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 617 (1891)
Ricinocarpus indicus	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 618 (1891)
Acalypha canescens	Wall.	Numer. List [Wallich] n. 7785. 1847
Acalypha caroliniana	Blanco	Fl. Filip. : 748 (1837)
Cupamenis indica	Raf.	Sylva Tellur. : 67 (1838)
Acalypha chinensis	Benth.	Fl. Hongk. 303. 1861 (1861)
Acalypha ciliata	Wall.	Numer. List [Wallich] n. 7779 J. 1847
Acalypha cupamenii	Dragend.	Heilpfl. 380. 1898 (1898)
Acalypha decidua	Forssk.	Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. : 161 (1775)
Acalypha fimbriata	Baill.	Recueil Observ. Bot. 1: 272 (1861)
Acalypha indica var. bailloniana	(Müll.Arg.) Hutch.	Fl. Trop. Afr. 6(1): 904. 1912
Acalypha ciliata	Benth.	Numer. List n.° 7779J. 1847 (1847)
Acalypha canescens	Benth.	Numer. List n.° 7785. 1847 (1847)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
Spanish	cupamenis indica
Spanish	acalypha canescens
Spanish	ricinocarpus deciduus
Spanish	ricinocarpus indicus
Spanish	acalypha decidua
Spanish	acalypha chinensis
Spanish	acalypha cupamenii
Spanish	acalypha fimbriata
Spanish	acalypha indica var. bailloniana
Spanish	acalypha spicata
Spanish	acalypha ciliata
Spanish	acalypha somalium
Spanish	ricinocarpus baillonianus
Arabic	عطارد ثلاثي
Arabic	حرامي الذبل
Arabic	برطم
Arabic	أكاليفة
Bengali	মুক্তাঝুরি
dv	ވަށްފުފުޅި
Persian	آکالیفا هندی
Hindi	खोकली
Indonesian	kucing galak
Indonesian	kucing-kucingan
Indonesian	ganjar kycing
Indonesian	anting-anting
Indonesian	akar kucing
jv	kucing galak (tetuwuhan)
Kannada	ಕುಪ್ಪಿಗಿಡ
mad	tompong parot
mad	Ḍâng-ḍângset
mad	pa'-cepplo'
Malayalam	കുപ്പമേനി
Malay	pokok kucing galak
Burmese	ကြောင်ရိုသေပင်
Oriya	ଇନ୍ଦ୍ରମାରିସ
Russian	Акалифа индийская
shn	ယႃႈၽၢႆးမူၼ်ႈ
Sinhala	කුප්පමේනිය
Tamil	குப்பை மேனி
Tamil	குப்பைமேனி
Tamil	மார்ஜலமோகினி
Tamil	பூனைவணங்கி
Tamil	அரிமஞ்சரி
Tamil	குப்பி
Telugu	మురిపిండి
Telugu	హరితమంజరి
Telugu	హరిత మంజరి
Telugu	పిప్పింటాకు
Telugu	కుప్పింటాకు
Thai	กัญชาแมว
Vietnamese	tai tượng Ấn
Chinese	印度鐵莧
Chinese	熱帶鐵莧菜
Chinese	印度铁苋
Chinese	热带铁苋菜

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Tanzania
  - Uganda
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Djibouti
  - Eritrea
  - Ethiopia
  - Socotra
  - Somalia
  - Sudan
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola
  - Malawi
  - Mozambique
  - Zambia
  - Zimbabwe
- Southern Africa
  - Botswana
  - Cape Provinces
  - Kwazulu-Natal
  - Namibia
  - Northern Provinces
  - Swaziland
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Zaïre
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Chagos Archipelago
  - Comoros
  - Madagascar
  - Mauritius
  - Réunion
  - Seychelles

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Oman
  - Saudi Arabia
- China
  - Hainan
- Eastern Asia
  - Nansei-shoto
  - Taiwan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - India
  - Laccadive Islands
  - Maldives
  - Nepal
  - Pakistan
  - Sri Lanka
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Cambodia
  - Myanmar
  - Nicobar Nicobar
  - South China Sea
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Christmas Island
  - Cocos (keeling) Islands
  - Jawa
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Malaya
  - Maluku
  - Philippines
  - Sulawesi
  - Sumatera
- Papuasia
  - New Guinea

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Central
  - Mexico Northeast
  - Mexico Northwest
  - Mexico Southeast
  - Mexico Southwest

Pacific click to expand
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands
  - Marianas
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Samoa

Southern America click to expand
- Caribbean
  - Cuba
  - Leeward Islands
  - Puerto Rico
  - Windward Islands

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000953231
UNII	Y34S6V2PSH
USDA Plants	ACIN12
Tropicos	12800113
INPN	629004
Flora of Italy	10347
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:337497-1
The Plant List	kew-713
Plantarium	31
Open Tree Of Life	3910628
Observations.org	129122
NCBI Taxonomy	478095
Nature Serve	2.138052
IPNI	337497-1
iNaturalist	157894
GBIF	3056259
Freebase	/m/080njgk
EPPO	ACCIN
EOL	1145503
USDA GRIN	400002
Wikipedia	Acalypha_indica

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Ceria nanoparticles: biomedical applications and toxicity

N/A

J Zhejiang Univ Sci B

10-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11087188
doi:	10.1631/jzus.B2300854
PMID:	38725338

Unleashing the promise of emerging nanomaterials as a sustainable platform to mitigate antimicrobial resistance

Rahman S, Sadaf S, Hoque ME, Mishra A, Mubarak NM, Malafaia G, Singh J

RSC Adv

01-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11062400
doi:	10.1039/d3ra05816f
PMID:	38694553

Larvicidal, Ovicidal, and Repellent Activities of Leucas stachydiformis (Hochst. ex Benth.) Briq Essential Oil against Anopheles arabiensis

Fikru S, Tolossa K, Lindemann P, Bucar F, Asres K

J Trop Med

29-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10997417
doi:	10.1155/2024/1051086
PMID:	38586242

Biosynthesis and assessment of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of silver nanoparticles utilizing Cassia occidentalis L. seed

Arya A, Tyagi PK, Bhatnagar S, Bachheti RK, Bachheti A, Ghorbanpour M

Sci Rep

27-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10973378
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-57823-3
PMID:	38538702

Acalypha indica induced acute oxidative haemolysis and methaemoglobinaemia: two case reports

Maddumabandara K, Rajaratnam A, Ishfak M, Samarakoon N, Ellepola K, Bowattage S

J Med Case Rep

19-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10949590
doi:	10.1186/s13256-024-04481-8
PMID:	38500232

New Alien Plant Taxa for Italy and Europe: An Update

Musarella CM, Laface VL, Angiolini C, Bacchetta G, Bajona E, Banfi E, Barone G, Biscotti N, Bonsanto D, Calvia G, Cambria S, Capuano A, Caruso G, Crisafulli A, Del Guacchio E, Di Gristina E, Domina G, Fanfarillo E, Fascetti S, Fiaschi T, Galasso G, Mascia F, Mazzacuva G, Mei G, Minissale P, Motti R, Perrino EV, Picone RM, Pinzani L, Podda L, Potenza G, Rosati L, Stinca A, Tavilla G, Villano C, Wagensommer RP, Spampinato G

Plants (Basel)

24-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10934091
doi:	10.3390/plants13050620
PMID:	38475466

Metal Nanoparticles: Advanced and Promising Technology in Diabetic Wound Therapy

Zheng Q, Chen C, Liu Y, Gao J, Li L, Yin C, Yuan X

Int J Nanomedicine

26-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10826594
doi:	10.2147/IJN.S434693
PMID:	38293611

A comprehensive review of antimalarial medicinal plants used by Tanzanians

Kacholi DS

Pharm Biol

25-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10812860
doi:	10.1080/13880209.2024.2305453
PMID:	38270178

Green and cost-effective biofabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles: Exploring antimicrobial and anticancer applications

Gebreslassie YT, Gebremeskel FG

Biotechnol Rep (Amst)

12-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10835232
doi:	10.1016/j.btre.2024.e00828
PMID:	38312482

Macrofungal Mediated Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Its Antibacterial and Wound-Healing Efficacy

Vijayakumar G, Kim HJ, Jo JW, Rangarajulu SK

Int J Mol Sci

10-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10815654
doi:	10.3390/ijms25020861
PMID:	38255936

Plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles: unlocking their pharmacological potential–a comprehensive review

Dhir R, Chauhan S, Subham P, Kumar S, Sharma P, Shidiki A, Kumar G

Front Bioeng Biotechnol

09-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10803431
doi:	10.3389/fbioe.2023.1324805
PMID:	38264582

Spotlight on therapeutic efficiency of green synthesis metals and their oxide nanoparticles in periodontitis

Kiarashi M, Mahamed P, Ghotbi N, Tadayonfard A, Nasiri K, Kazemi P, Badkoobeh A, Yasamineh S, Joudaki A

J Nanobiotechnology

05-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10770920
doi:	10.1186/s12951-023-02284-5
PMID:	38183090

Integrated Network Pharmacology Approach to Evaluate Bioactive Phytochemicals of Acalypha indica and Their Mechanistic Actions to Suppress Target Genes of Tuberculosis

Harakeh S, Niyazi HA, Niyazi HA, Abdalal SA, Mokhtar JA, Almuhayawi MS, Alkuwaity KK, Abujamel TS, Slama P, Haque S

ACS Omega

29-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10795024
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.3c05589
PMID:	38250414

Nature’s Green Potential: Anticancer Properties of Plants of the Euphorbiaceae Family

Jiménez-González V, Kowalczyk T, Piekarski J, Szemraj J, Rijo P, Sitarek P

Cancers (Basel)

25-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10778523
doi:	10.3390/cancers16010114
PMID:	38201542

Phytochemicals as Immunomodulatory Molecules in Cancer Therapeutics

Paudel S, Mishra N, Agarwal R

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

26-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10746110
doi:	10.3390/ph16121652
PMID:	38139779

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Cyanogenic glycosides
(2R,3R)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-1-methyl-6-oxo-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile	102286666	Click to see CN1C(C(C(=CC1=O)OC)(C#N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O	360.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)80022-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.12.011
(2S,3R)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-oxo-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile	102286667	Click to see COC1=CC(=O)NC(C1(C#N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O	346.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.12.011
(Z)-4-cyano-3-methoxy-N-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-3-enamide	102286670	Click to see CNC(=O)CC(=C(C#N)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)OC	332.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.12.011
3-(Hexopyranosyloxy)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-1-methyl-6-oxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile	435918	Click to see	360.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)80022-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.12.011
4-cyano-3-methoxy-N-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-3-enamide	163028032	Click to see CNC(=O)CC(=C(C#N)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)OC	332.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.12.011
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(2R,3R)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-1-methyl-6-oxo-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile	163193083	Click to see	346.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.12.011
(2R,3R)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-oxo-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile	162876865	Click to see	332.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.12.011
(2S,3R)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-1-methyl-6-oxo-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile	163010766	Click to see	346.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.12.011
(2S,3R)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-1-methyl-6-oxo-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2H-pyridine-3-carboxamide	163102167	Click to see	364.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.12.011
(2S,3R)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-1-methyl-6-oxo-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2H-pyridine-3-carboxamide	102286669	Click to see	378.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.12.011
(2S,3R)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-oxo-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile	163192864	Click to see	332.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.12.011
2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-1-methyl-6-oxo-3-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-2H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile	163010765	Click to see	346.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.12.011
2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-1-methyl-6-oxo-3-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-2H-pyridine-3-carboxamide	163102166	Click to see	364.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.12.011
2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-oxo-3-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile	162876864	Click to see	332.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.12.011
4-Methoxy-1-methyl-5-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxypyridin-2-one	162865158	Click to see	303.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.12.011
4-methoxy-1-methyl-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxypyridin-2-one	162865159	Click to see CN1C=C(C(=CC1=O)OC)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)O)O)O)O	303.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.12.011
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dioxanes / 1,4-dioxanes
(1R,3S,5R,6S,7S,8R,10R)-1-acetyl-6,7-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-14-methoxy-11-methyl-2,4,9-trioxa-11-azatricyclo[8.4.0.03,8]tetradec-13-en-12-one	162947184	Click to see CC(=O)C12C(N(C(=O)C=C1OC)C)OC3C(C(C(OC3O2)CO)O)O	359.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.12.011
1-Acetyl-6,7-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-14-methoxy-11-methyl-2,4,9-trioxa-11-azatricyclo[8.4.0.03,8]tetradec-13-en-12-one	162947183	Click to see	359.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.12.011
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
Decursidate	102004630	Click to see	330.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one	51402807	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-4-One	5378597	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	162927229	Click to see	740.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007
3-[(2S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	44391816	Click to see	740.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-((3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-Methyloxan-2-Yl)Oxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-4-One	12313332	Click to see	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007
Biorobin	15944778	Click to see	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007
Clitorin	11592917	Click to see	740.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007
Isoquercetin	5280804	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
Kaempferol 3-(2''-rhamnosylrutinoside)	74978013	Click to see	740.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007
Kaempferol 3-O-rhamnosyl-rhamnosyl-glucoside	157009737	Click to see	740.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007
Kaempferol-3-O-Rutinoside	5318767	Click to see	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007 https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
Vitamin P	5293655	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins
(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl) 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	4628122	Click to see	332.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
[(1S,4R,6R,7R,8R,17R,18S,20R,21S)-4,6,7,12,13,21-hexahydroxy-20-(hydroxymethyl)-3,15-dioxo-2,16,19,22-tetraoxapentacyclo[15.3.1.17,10.04,8.09,14]docosa-9,11,13-trien-18-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	162917555	Click to see	624.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
[4,6,7,12,13,21-Hexahydroxy-20-(hydroxymethyl)-3,15-dioxo-2,16,19,22-tetraoxapentacyclo[15.3.1.17,10.04,8.09,14]docosa-9,11,13-trien-18-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	162917554	Click to see	624.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
1,2,3,6-Tetra-O-Galloyl-Beta-D-Glucose	73178	Click to see	788.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
1,2,3,6-Tetragalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose	5153644	Click to see	788.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
beta-Glucogallin	124021	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	332.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007 https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
(3S,4S)-4-[(Z)-1-Carboxy-3-[[(1R,19R,21S,22R,23R)-6,7,8,11,12,13,22-heptahydroxy-3,16-dioxo-21-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-2,17,20-trioxatetracyclo[17.3.1.04,9.010,15]tricosa-4,6,8,10,12,14-hexaen-23-yl]oxy]-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl]-5,6,7-trihydroxy-1-oxo-3,4-dihydroisochromene-3-carboxylic acid	14483070	Click to see	970.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007
(3S)-4-[(Z)-1-carboxy-3-[[(1R,19R,21S,22R,23R)-6,7,8,11,12,13,22-heptahydroxy-3,16-dioxo-21-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-2,17,20-trioxatetracyclo[17.3.1.04,9.010,15]tricosa-4,6,8,10,12,14-hexaen-23-yl]oxy]-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl]-5,6,7-trihydroxy-1-oxo-3,4-dihydroisochromene-3-carboxylic acid	6325895	Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C(=CC(=O)O)C6C(OC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C67)O)O)O)C(=O)O	970.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007
(57R,58S,510R,511R,519S)-14,15,16,24,25,26,52,53,516,517,517-Undecahydroxy-55,513,515,3,8-pentaoxo-55,57,58,510,511,513,515,516,517,517a-decahydro-4,7-dioxa-5(19,10)-1,16-epoxy-7,11-methanodibenzo[i,k][1,4,7]trioxacyclotridecina-1,2(1,2)-dibenzenacyclooctaphane-58-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	138991573	Click to see	952.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007
[(1R,7R,8R,17S,18R,20S,21S)-4,6,7,11,12,21-hexahydroxy-18-(hydroxymethyl)-3,15-dioxo-2,16,19,22-tetraoxapentacyclo[15.3.1.17,10.04,8.09,14]docosa-9,11,13-trien-20-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	101933032	Click to see	624.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007
[(1S,2S,8R,9S,27R,29S,30R,39R)-1,2,14,15,16,19,20,21,35,36-decahydroxy-3,6,11,24,32-pentaoxo-2-(2-oxopropyl)-7,10,25,28,31,40-hexaoxaoctacyclo[35.2.1.05,39.08,27.09,30.012,17.018,23.033,38]tetraconta-4,12,14,16,18,20,22,33,35,37-decaen-29-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	14887888	Click to see CC(=O)CC1(C(=O)C=C2C3C1(OC4=C3C(=CC(=C4O)O)C(=O)OC5C6C(C(COC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7C8=C(C(=C(C=C8C(=O)O6)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC5OC(=O)C9=CC(=C(C(=C9)O)O)O)OC2=O)O)O	992.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
[(7S,8R,9R,11S,12R,21R)-1,8,17,18,22,22-hexahydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5,14-trioxo-6,10,13,23-tetraoxapentacyclo[17.3.1.04,21.07,12.015,20]tricosa-3,15,17,19-tetraen-11-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	163187062	Click to see	650.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
[1,8,17,18,22,22-Hexahydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5,14-trioxo-6,10,13,23-tetraoxapentacyclo[17.3.1.04,21.07,12.015,20]tricosa-3,15,17,19-tetraen-11-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	162998013	Click to see	650.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
2-[(4R,5S,7R,8R,9S,12S,13S,14S)-8,14,18,19-tetrahydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-2,11,15-trioxo-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-3,6,10,16-tetraoxatetracyclo[11.7.1.04,9.017,21]henicosa-1(20),17(21),18-trien-12-yl]acetic acid	163188905	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2C3C(C(C(O2)CO)O)OC(=O)C(C4C(C(=O)OC5=C4C(=CC(=C5O)O)C(=O)O3)O)CC(=O)O	652.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
2-[(4R,5S,7R,8R,9S,12S,13S)-8,17,18-trihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-2,11,14-trioxo-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-3,6,10,15-tetraoxatetracyclo[11.6.1.04,9.016,20]icosa-1(19),16(20),17-trien-12-yl]acetic acid	162999508	Click to see	622.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
2-[(5R,7R)-13,14,15,18,19,20,31,35,36-nonahydroxy-2,10,23,28,32-pentaoxo-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-3,6,9,24,27,33-hexaoxaheptacyclo[28.7.1.04,25.07,26.011,16.017,22.034,38]octatriaconta-1(37),11,13,15,17,19,21,34(38),35-nonaen-29-yl]acetic acid	134694193	Click to see	954.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007
2-[8,14,18,19-Tetrahydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-2,11,15-trioxo-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-3,6,10,16-tetraoxatetracyclo[11.7.1.04,9.017,21]henicosa-1(20),17(21),18-trien-12-yl]acetic acid	162995825	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2C3C(C(C(O2)CO)O)OC(=O)C(C4C(C(=O)OC5=C4C(=CC(=C5O)O)C(=O)O3)O)CC(=O)O	652.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
2-[8,17,18-Trihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-2,11,14-trioxo-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-3,6,10,15-tetraoxatetracyclo[11.6.1.04,9.016,20]icosa-1(19),16(20),17-trien-12-yl]acetic acid	162999507	Click to see	622.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
CID 250397	250397	Click to see C1C2C3C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C6=C5C(C(C(=O)O3)CC(=O)O)C(C(=O)O6)O)O)O)OC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7C8=C(C(=C(C=C8C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O	954.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007
CID 338147	338147	Click to see	952.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007
Corilagin	73568	Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	634.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2006.04.007
Corilagin (Standard)	5089683	Click to see	634.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
Repandusinic acid A	147900	Click to see	970.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075
Wutxioakrfkqhk-bwpkhyersa-	21672436	Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C(=CC(=O)O)C6C(OC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C67)O)O)O)C(=O)O	970.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.199700075

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Acalypha indica

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