Trollius chinensis
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643ffea543a39796601837 |
| Scientific name | Trollius chinensis |
| Authority | Bunge |
| First published in | Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 77 (1835) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Based on ethnobotanical and pharmacopoeial literature, dried buds (flower buds) of Trollius chinensis are used as infusions and decoctions for respiratory and related inflammatory conditions in northern China. The China Pharmacopoeia describes the herb as a “clear heat and eliminate toxin” remedy taken as a decoction to treat wind–heat heat, sore throat, and tonsillitis (China Pharmacopoeia, 2015). In a review of Chinese materia medica, Bensky and Gamble note the same preparations—primarily hot infusions or short decoctions of the dried buds—for treating throat pain and swollen tonsils (Bensky & Gamble, 1993). A traditional drug monograph by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (STCM) reiterates the warm infusion or decoction of the dried buds for throat ailments (State Administration of TCM, 1999). Modern herbal monographs also mention a “Jin Ling Hua Tea” marketed in China for sore throat and cold-related symptoms, prepared from the dried buds by infusion (Shanxi Yichuang Bioengineering, 2022). Collections of traditional formulas record the combination of these preparations with other herbs for tonsillitis, but the single-herb preparation is the well-documented form (Dai et al., 2015).
A simple mild tea can be prepared using about 3–4 g of dried buds in 200–250 ml of just-boiled water; steep 10–15 minutes, then drink 1–2 cups per day for 3–5 days. A stronger preparation uses the same herb quantity simmered in 200–250 ml of water for 10–12 minutes; cool and take up to one cup twice daily as needed for sore throat or tonsillitis. Safety notes: standard pharmacopoeial doses do not exceed 6–10 g per day; do not use during pregnancy or in young children without practitioner guidance; avoid concurrent use with highly anticoagulant medications. The plant contains flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, and their glycosides, saponins (e.g., trollius saponins), and phenolic acids; these constituents are well reported for Trollius species and provide a plausible basis for the observed anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of the bud preparations.
Commercial preparations remain available in China as bulk dried buds and as a proprietary “Jin Ling Hua tea,” and modern research has explored their anti-inflammatory effects in the context of upper respiratory inflammation (Chen et al., 2020), while traditional use in infusions and decoctions continues in both household and clinical settings.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Ornamental plants and cut flowers. Trollius chinensis is cultivated in horticulture for its showy golden-yellow flowers, used in perennial borders, rock gardens, and as cut blooms for floral displays (Flora of China; Flora of USSR; horticultural catalogs).
Industrial and craft applications:
No non-medicinal industrial or craft uses are documented for this species.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No documented non-medicinal food or beverage uses are reported.
Colorants and tanning:
No documented uses as a dye or tanning agent are recorded.
Wood and fiber:
No documented timber or fiber uses are reported.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
No documented fragrance or cosmetic uses are recorded.
Properties relevant to use:
No properties relevant to non-medicinal use are documented.
Standards and regulation:
No standards or regulatory frameworks for this taxon in non-medicinal applications are reported.
Sustainability and sourcing:
No sustainability or sourcing information specific to this taxon is documented.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Trollius asiaticus var. chinensis | (Bunge) Maxim. | Enum. Fl. Mong. 25 1889 |
| Trollius ledebourii var. macropetalus | Regel | Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7 4: 4 1861 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Finnish | kesäkullero |
| Chinese | 金莲花 |
| Chinese | 金疙瘩 |
| Chinese | 金蓮花 |
| Chinese | 中华金莲花 |
| Chinese | 中国金莲花 |
| Chinese | 中國金蓮花 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Expose seeds to natural outdoor winter conditions for 3 months, then gradually increase light and temperature in the spring. |
| Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China North-central
- China Southeast
- Inner Mongolia
- Manchuria
-
Eastern Asia
- Korea
-
Mongolia
- Mongolia
-
Russian Far East
- Amur
- Khabarovsk
- Kuril Islands
- Primorye
- Sakhalin
-
Siberia
- Buryatiya
- Chita
- Krasnoyarsk
-
China
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000455221 |
| Tropicos | 27101479 |
| INPN | 611700 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:715085-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2514590 |
| Plantarium | 97945 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 877307 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 78479 |
| IPNI | 715085-1 |
| iNaturalist | 84407 |
| GBIF | 7276979 |
| EPPO | TLUCH |
| EOL | 2874032 |
| USDA GRIN | 40675 |
| Wikipedia | Trollius_chinensis |
| CMAUP | NPO14715 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Lupin alkaloids / Cytisine and derivatives | |||||
| (1S,5S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-8H-1,5-methanopyrido[1,2-a][1,5]diazocin-8-one | 442949 | Click to see | 190.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives | |||||
| Methyl phenylacetate | 7559 | Click to see | 150.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters | |||||
| Methyl Benzoate | 7150 | Click to see | 136.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids | |||||
| Benzoic Acid | 243 | Click to see | 122.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives | |||||
| 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 135 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O | 138.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Protocatechuic Acid | 72 | Click to see | 154.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Proglobeflowery acid | 132759 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C(=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)OC)O)C | 236.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/1028602031000147393 |
| Vanillic Acid | 8468 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O | 168.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / P-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| 3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid | 7121 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)O)OC | 182.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/1028602031000147393 |
| Methyl 3,4-Dimethoxybenzoate | 16522 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)OC)OC | 196.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters | |||||
| Methylparaben | 7456 | Click to see | 152.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Protocatechuic acid, methyl ester | 287064 | Click to see COC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O | 168.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Methoxybenzenes / Dimethoxybenzenes | |||||
| 3,4-Dimethoxybenzamide | 73705 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)N)OC | 181.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenylacetic acids / 2(hydroxyphenyl)acetic acids | |||||
| 2-Hydroxy-5-butoxyphenylacetic acid | 15108711 | Click to see | 224.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Hydroquinones | |||||
| Butyl 2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetate | 44217017 | Click to see CCCCOC(=O)CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)O)O | 224.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Ethyl 2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetate | 297396 | Click to see CCOC(=O)CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)O)O | 196.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl 2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetate | 13790504 | Click to see | 182.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols | |||||
| Homovanillyl alcohol | 16928 | Click to see | 168.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / Tyrosols and derivatives / Tyrosols | |||||
| Hydroxytyrosol | 82755 | Click to see | 154.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Fatty acid methyl esters | |||||
| Dimethyl Azelate | 15612 | Click to see COC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OC | 216.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Dimethyl suberate | 15611 | Click to see | 202.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Dimethyl Succinate | 7820 | Click to see COC(=O)CCC(=O)OC | 146.14 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl Decanoate | 8050 | Click to see | 186.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl Octanoate | 8091 | Click to see | 158.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Myristic Acid | 11005 | Click to see | 228.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Oleic Acid | 445639 | Click to see | 282.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Palmitic Acid | 985 | Click to see | 256.42 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Stearic Acid | 5281 | Click to see | 284.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Lauric Acid | 3893 | Click to see | 200.32 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides | |||||
| Entadamide-A-beta-D-glucopyranoside | 101616680 | Click to see CSC=CC(=O)NCCOC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O | 323.36 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Linoleic Acid | 5280450 | Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 280.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins | |||||
| [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R)-4-[[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aR,5S,6R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,6-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 72737016 | Click to see | 1544.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R)-4-[[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aR,5S,6R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,6-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 72737187 | Click to see | 1586.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| phaseoloideside A | 72736851 | Click to see | 1512.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| phaseoloideside B | 72736852 | Click to see | 1412.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Xanthophylls | |||||
| Salmoxanthin | 10507805 | Click to see CC1=CC(CC(C1(C=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC23C(CC(CC2(O3)C)O)(C)C)C)C)O)(C)C)O | 600.90 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | 64945 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Entagenic acid | 21594206 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(C(C1)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(C(C2O)O)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C(=O)O)C | 488.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3R,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 12303645 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 86821 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/1028602031000147393 |
| beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside | 296119 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/1028602031000147393 |
| Sitogluside | 5742590 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/1028602031000147393 |
| Stigmast-5-en-3-ol | 22012 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/1028602031000147393 |
| > Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Amines / Alkanolamines / 1,2-aminoalcohols / N-acylethanolamines | |||||
| Entadamide A | 6439215 | Click to see | 161.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Entadamide B | 3035981 | Click to see CSC(CC(=O)NCCO)SC | 209.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides | |||||
| 2-beta-d-Glucopyranosyloxy-5-butoxyphenylacetic acid | 15108713 | Click to see | 386.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| butyl 2-[5-hydroxy-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]acetate | 102143698 | Click to see CCCCOC(=O)CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O | 386.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Phaseoloidin | 14104237 | Click to see | 330.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides | |||||
| beta-D-Fructopyranose | 24310 | Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)(CO)O)O)O)O | 180.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides | |||||
| Gal(a1-6)Glc(a1-2a)Fruf | 11005647 | Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 504.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| GlyTouCan:G95076SI | 11972400 | Click to see | 990.90 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar alcohols | |||||
| Sorbitol | 5780 | Click to see | 182.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones | |||||
| 4'-Hydroxyacetophenone | 7469 | Click to see | 136.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / 2,2-dimethyl-1-benzopyrans | |||||
| Globeflowery acid | 6451636 | Click to see | 236.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Coumarans | |||||
| Dihydrobenzofuran | 10329 | Click to see | 120.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydroisoquinolines | |||||
| (+-)-Trolline | 21574476 | Click to see | 219.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-04-10062 |
| (S)-(-)-oleracetin E | 11160309 | Click to see | 219.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-04-10062 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acid esters | |||||
| Methyl cinnamate | 637520 | Click to see COC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 | 162.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives | |||||
| Coumarin | 323 | Click to see | 146.14 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 6,7-dihydroxycoumarins | |||||
| Esculetin | 5281416 | Click to see | 178.14 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Depsides and depsidones | |||||
| 3-O-galloyl gallic acid methyl ester | 10131824 | Click to see COC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)O)O)O)O)O | 336.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins | |||||
| (1R,8S,9R,16R,18S,27S)-9-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,8,16,21,23-pentahydroxy-2,10,17,26-tetraoxaheptacyclo[14.11.1.01,13.03,12.06,11.018,27.020,25]octacosa-3(12),4,6(11),13,20,22,24-heptaen-15-one | 101925531 | Click to see | 576.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Catechin | 9064 | Click to see | 290.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Epicatechin | 72276 | Click to see | 290.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins / Epigallocatechins | |||||
| Epigallocatechin | 72277 | Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O | 306.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones | |||||
| Naringenin | 439246 | Click to see | 272.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones / Flavanonols | |||||
| Aromadendrin | 122850 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O | 288.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Taxifolin | 439533 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)O | 304.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones | |||||
| 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy- | 5487757 | Click to see | 286.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone | 5282073 | Click to see | 254.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Apigenin | 5280443 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O | 270.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Luteolin | 5280445 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O | 286.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols | |||||
| Galangin | 5281616 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O | 270.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isorhamnetin | 5281654 | Click to see | 316.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Quercetin | 5280343 | Click to see | 302.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Rhamnocitrin | 5320946 | Click to see | 300.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides | |||||
| 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-8-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | 73829966 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C=C(O2)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O | 462.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/1028602031000147393 |
| 8-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone | 44257907 | Click to see | 448.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isoswertisin | 44258317 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O | 446.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/1028602031000147393 |
| Orientin | 5281675 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 448.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1080/1028602031000147393 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00410-X |
| Vitexin | 5280441 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00410-X https://doi.org/10.1080/1028602031000147393 |
| Vitexin-7-olate | 49791957 | Click to see | 431.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| Rutin | 5280805 | Click to see | 610.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 4-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| Acacetin | 5280442 | Click to see | 284.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 6-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| Pectolinarigenin | 5320438 | Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)OC)O | 314.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| Ayanin | 5280682 | Click to see | 344.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Cirsimaritin | 188323 | Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)OC(=CC2=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)OC | 314.29 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/1028602031000147393 |
| Kaempferol 3,7,4'-trimethyl ether | 5468749 | Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC)O)OC | 328.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Cinnamylphenols | |||||
| 4,4'-Dihydroxy-2'-methoxychalcone | 5319688 | Click to see | 270.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Macrolides and analogues | |||||
| Integerrimine | 5281733 | Click to see | 335.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins | |||||
| Tannic Acid | 16129778 | Click to see | 1701.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
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