Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Traditional uses of burning bush, Dictamnus albus, are recorded in several East Asian traditions, most fully in the Chinese materia medica. In northern and central China (including Shaanxi, Shanxi and Gansu provinces), herbalists commonly prepare a decoction of the root bark—sometimes the aerial parts are included—for damp‑heat conditions such as sores, eczema, and joint pain; accounts also mention soaking or washing affected skin with a warm infusion for faster relief (Bensky, Clavey and Stoger, 2004). Parallel practice is described among Mongol healers of Inner Mongolia, who use both a decoction of root bark and a poultice of the same bark applied to swollen or rheumatic joints (Xiao Ping and colleagues, 2005). The Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China lists D. albus as “bai xian pi,” the dried root bark, for external washing of itchy skin eruptions and occasional internal decoctions for damp-heat with jaundice (Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, 2020 edition). Historic sources also record preparations of leaves, flowers and fruits in ancient Chinese folk practice as external washes (Li Shizhen, Ben Cao Gang Mu, 1596).

A practical recipe often taught in Chinese herbal classrooms is a simple skin‑wash infusion of bai xian pi. Place about 9–15 g of dried, chopped root bark in 500–800 mL water, bring to a boil, simmer for 20–30 minutes, then cool to a comfortable temperature and strain. Use the warm, strained liquid as a gentle wash two to three times daily on affected areas. For a stronger joint‑pain preparation, a 1:5 weight‑to‑volume tincture can be made by macerating 20 g of finely cut dried root bark in 100 mL of 45% ethanol for four to six weeks, shaking daily; a typical internal dose is 10–15 mL, taken twice daily. All forms containing this plant should be used with caution: the bark contains furanocoumarins, and both topical and internal use may sensitize skin to sunlight; avoid sun exposure during treatment and discontinue if irritation develops. Pregnant and nursing people should not use it, and children should be treated only under practitioner supervision.

Well‑established constituents include the limonoid fraxinellone and a range of phototoxic furanocoumarins such as dictamnine, imperatorin, psoralen and bergapten; these are well documented in modern phytochemical profiles of D. albus and plausibly account for its topical anti‑inflammatory and antimicrobial actions as well as the need for photoprotection (Li et al., 2006). Contemporary pharmacological work also investigates fraxinellone for anti‑inflammatory effects and inhibition of chondrocyte catabolism in joint models, linking traditional rheumatologic use to modern mechanisms (Sun and colleagues, 2016).

Modern relevance and use. While scientific studies continue, bai xian pi remains available in many Chinese pharmacies and is still used in clinical practice for skin itching, eczema and joint discomfort, though modern practitioners generally restrict it to short courses and emphasize the safety cautions above.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Essential oil obtained from fresh or partially dried aerial parts (mainly leaves) by steam distillation; marketed under the INCI name “Dictamnus albus leaf oil” and supplied to fragrance and flavor manufacturers. Typical oil yield is 0.2–0.5 % w/w.

Industrial and craft applications:
- The leaf oil is employed as a fragrance material in soaps, detergents, air‑fresheners and scented candles, providing a fresh citrus‑like top note in blended formulations.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
- Listed by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) as a permitted fragrance substance. It is incorporated into cosmetic products (creams, lotions, shampoos) at usage levels of 0.1–0.5 % w/w to impart a lemon‑citrus note. The oil may also serve as a flavoring agent in non‑alcoholic beverages, though such applications are limited due to low production volumes.

Properties relevant to use:
- High limonene content (≈60–70 % of the oil) together with α‑pinene (5–10 %), β‑pinene (3–6 %) and minor monoterpenes such as sabinene, pulegone and geraniol. Limonene’s low boiling point (~176 °C) and pleasant citrus odor make the oil suitable for fragrance use. Physical characteristics: clear to pale yellow liquid, specific gravity 0.84–0.86 g mL⁻¹ at 20 °C.

Standards and regulation:
- For cosmetic applications, the oil must comply with the European Union Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 on cosmetic products, including safety assessments for fragrance allergens. IFRA’s “Fragrance Material Standard” recommends a maximum use level of 1 % in fine fragrances and 0.5 % in leave‑on products, with lower limits for rinse‑off formulations. No specific ISO or ASTM standard exists for D. albus oil; compliance follows general essential‑oil specifications (e.g., ISO 23585).

Sustainability and sourcing:
- The species is listed as vulnerable or endangered in several national Red Lists because of habitat loss and over‑harvesting. Commercial production relies largely on cultivated plants grown on a small scale in several European countries. Sustainable practices include regulated wild‑collection quotas, propagation by seed or tissue culture, and hydrodistillation to maximize oil yield while minimizing plant‑material waste. Some wild‑collected material is certified under schemes such as “Fairwild” to ensure equitable and environmentally sound sourcing.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Dictamnus albus var. bucharicus	N.A.Winter	Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 5: 159 1924
Dictamnus albus subsp. caucasicus	(Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) N.A.Winter	Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 5: 158 1924
Dictamnus albus subsp. dasycarpus	(Turcz.) N.A.Winter	Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 5: 159 1924
Dictamnus albus subsp. gymnostylis	(Steven) N.A.Winter	Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 5: 157 1924
Dictamnus albus var. macedonicus	Borbás	Term. Füz. 19: 352 1896
Dictamnus albus subsp. turkestanicus	N.A.Winter	Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 5: 158 1924
Dictamnus altaicus	Fisch. ex Royle	Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. : 156 (1835)
Dictamnus angustifolius	Sweet	Brit. Fl. Gard. 4: t. 93 (1831)
Dictamnus caucasicus	Fisch. ex Grossh.	Fl. Kavkaza 3: 20 (1932)
Dictamnus dasycarpus var. velutinus	Nakai	J. Jap. Bot. 13: 480 1937
Dictamnus dasycarpus f. velutinus	(Nakai) W.Lee	Lin. Fl. Koreae : 640 (1996)
Dictamnus davuricus	hort.	Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 169, in syn. 1894
Dictamnus fraxinella	Pers.	Syn. Pl. 1: 464 (1805)
Dictamnus fraxinella var. caucasica	Fisch. & C.A.Mey.	Index Seminum (LE) 6: 49 1840
Dictamnus generalis	E.H.L.Krause	Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. , ed. 2, 7: 63 (1902)
Dictamnus gymnostylis	Steven	Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29(I): 333 (1856)
Dictamnus himalayensis	Royle	Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. : 156 (1835)
Dictamnus macedonicus	(Borbás) Pénzes	Feddes Repert. 72: 2 (1968)
Dictamnus major	hort. ex Vilmorin	Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 169, in syn. 1894
Dictamnus microphyllus	Schur	Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 141 (1866)
Dictamnus obtusiflorus	W.D.J.Koch	Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. , ed. 2: 160 (1843)
Dictamnus odorus	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 320 (1796)
Dictamnus sessilis	Wallr.	Linnaea 14: 569 (1840)
Dictamnus solitarius	Stokes	Bot. Mat. Med. 2: 485 (1812)
Dictamnus suffultus	Wallr.	Linnaea 14: 569 (1840)
Dictamnus tadshikorum	Vved.	Fl. URSS 14: 229 (1949)
Fraxinella alba	Gaertn.	Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: t. 69 (1788)
Fraxinella dictamnus	Moench	Methodus : 68 (1794)
Dictamnus albus subsp. dasycarpus	(Turcz.) Kitag.	Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Orient. 202, pl. 67, f. 1 1959
Dictamnus himalayanus	Royle	Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 156, pl. 29 1835
Dictamnus albus var. gynodynamicus	Beck	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 450 (1921)
Dictamnus albus var. albiflos	(Rchb.) J.Compton & Akeroyd	Contr. Bot. Univ. Babes-Bolyai Cluj-Napoca 54: 84. 2019
Dictamnus fraxinella var. albiflos	Rchb.	Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2(2): 767. 1832

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	gasplant
English	burning bush
English	fraxinella
English	false dittany
English	white dittany
Spanish	fraxinela
Spanish	yerba del puerto
Spanish	herba gitanera
Spanish	fresnilla
Spanish	fraxinella fulgurans
Spanish	díptamo
Spanish	diptamo
Spanish	dictamo real
Spanish	chitan
Spanish	dictamo
Spanish	gitam
Spanish	díctamo
Arabic	الدقتمون الأبيض
Arabic	لسان العصفور الكذاب
Arabic	دكتمون أبيض
Azerbaijani	ağ alışan
Bulgarian	Росен
Bulgarian	бял росен
Catalan	fraxinelle
Catalan	lletimó
Czech	třemdava
Czech	třemdava bílá
Danish	hvid diktam
German	gemeiner diptam
German	fraxinelle
German	gewöhnlicher diptam
German	diptam
Esperanto	diktamno
Estonian	valge moosesepõõsas (valge diktamnus)
Estonian	valge diktamnus
Estonian	valge moosesepõõsas
Persian	ونک
Finnish	mooseksenpalavapensas
French	dictame blanc
French	fraxinelle
Hebrew	דיקמטנוס לבן
Croatian	jasenak
Upper Sorbian	běła drěwda
Upper Sorbian	drěwda
Hungarian	nagyezerjófű
Hungarian	kőrislevelű nagyezerjófű
io	diktamo
Italian	limonella
Italian	frassinella
Italian	dittamo
Japanese	ハクセン
Japanese	ハクセン属
Japanese	はくせん
Georgian	იფნურა
Kazakh	Күймесгүл
Korean	백선속
Korean	백선
Korean	봉삼
Lithuanian	fraxinelle
Norwegian Bokmål	askrot
Dutch	vuurwerkplant
oc	dictam
Polish	dyptam jesionolistny
Russian	Ясенец белый
Slovak	jasenec biely
Slovenian	navadni jesenček
Serbian	Јасенак
Swedish	moses brinnande buske
Swedish	diptam
Swedish	fraxinelle
Swedish	mose brinnande buske
Turkish	gazel otu
Ukrainian	Ясенець білий
Chinese	白鲜属
Chinese	南欧白鲜
Chinese	南歐白鮮

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow at 4°C for 3 weeks, then increase to 20°C.

Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
  - Kirgizstan
  - Tadzhikistan
  - Uzbekistan
- Siberia
  - Altay
- Western Asia
  - Iran
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Sinai
  - Turkey

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Pakistan
  - West Himalaya

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - East European Russia
  - Krym
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - France
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Michigan
  - New York
  - Vermont

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000646276
UNII	I0H9JEC3DX
USDA Plants	DIAL4
Tropicos	28101287
INPN	94923
Flora of Italy	2993
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:772356-1
The Plant List	kew-2766952
Missouri Botanical Garden	286761
Open Tree Of Life	568898
Observations.org	104685
NCBI Taxonomy	298346
Nature Serve	2.160943
IPNI	772356-1
iNaturalist	161875
GBIF	5421338
Freebase	/m/042jlm
EPPO	DCMAL
EOL	487939
Elurikkus	209283
USDA GRIN	13928
Wikipedia	Dictamnus_albus
CMAUP	NPO12034

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Traditional Use of Wild Edible Plants in Slovenia: A Field Study and an Ethnobotanical Literature Review

Papež Kristanc A, Kreft S, Strgulc Krajšek S, Kristanc L

Plants (Basel)

24-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10934440
doi:	10.3390/plants13050621
PMID:	38475472

Plants in Menstrual Diseases: A Systematic Study from Italian Folk Medicine on Current Approaches

Mazzei R, Genovese C, Magariello A, Patitucci A, Russo G, Tagarelli G

Plants (Basel)

22-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10935160
doi:	10.3390/plants13050589
PMID:	38475436

Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Monarda didyma L. Growing in Trentino (Northern Italy) for Cosmeceutical Applications

Smeriglio A, Ingegneri M, Germanò MP, Miori L, Battistini G, Betuzzi F, Malaspina P, Trombetta D, Cornara L

Plants (Basel)

30-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10780350
doi:	10.3390/plants13010112
PMID:	38202420

A wound inducible chalcone synthase gene from Dysoxylum gotadhora (DbCHS) regulates flavonoid biosynthesis

Mahajan V, Chouhan R, Jamwal VL, Kapoor N, Gandhi SG

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

21-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10462589
doi:	10.1007/s12298-023-01344-2
PMID:	37649885

Population size affected by environmental variability impacts genetics, traits, and plant performance in Trifolium montanum L.

Karbstein K, Römermann C, Hellwig F, Prinz K

Ecol Evol

07-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10406824
doi:	10.1002/ece3.10376
PMID:	37560178

Endangered Forest Communities in Central Europe: Mapping Current and Potential Distributions of Euro-Siberian Steppic Woods with Quercus spp. in South Slovak Basin

Oravec P, Wittlinger L, Máliš F

Biology (Basel)

25-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10376067
doi:	10.3390/biology12070910
PMID:	37508342

Plastome evolution and phylogeny of the tribe Ruteae (Rutaceae)

Liu Q, Gao Y, Dong W, Zhao L

Ecol Evol

09-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9911629
doi:	10.1002/ece3.9821
PMID:	36789335

Turmeric and Cumin Instead of Stock Cubes: An Internet Survey of Spices and Culinary Herbs Used in Poland Compared with Historical Cookbooks and Herbals

Łuczaj Ł, Dumanowski J, Marszałek C, Parasecoli F

Plants (Basel)

29-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9919365
doi:	10.3390/plants12030591
PMID:	36771675

Protection of Mitochondrial Potential and Activity by Oxyprenylated Phenylpropanoids

Epifano F, Genovese S, Palumbo L, Collevecchio C, Fiorito S

Antioxidants (Basel)

23-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9952183
doi:	10.3390/antiox12020259
PMID:	36829818

The Biological Causes and Consequences of COVID-19: ACE I/D Polymorphism and In-Silico Screening of Potential Bioactive Phytochemicals Against COVID-19

Hussain N, Adil M, Mumtaz M, Waseem M

Bioinform Biol Insights

15-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9760525
doi:	10.1177/11779322221139061
PMID:	36540330

From Biodiversity to Musketry: Detection of Plant Diversity in Pre-Industrial Peloponnese during the Flora Graeca Expedition

Chimona C, Papadopoulou S, Kolyva F, Mina M, Rhizopoulou S

Life (Basel)

23-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9785030
doi:	10.3390/life12121957
PMID:	36556322

New and Interesting Fungi. 5

Crous PW, Begoude BA, Boers J, Braun U, Declercq B, Dijksterhuis J, Elliott TF, Garay-Rodriguez GA, Jurjević Ž, Kruse J, Linde CC, Loyd A, Mound L, Osieck ER, Rivera-Vargas LI, Quimbita AM, Rodas CA, Roux J, Schumacher RK, Starink-Willemse M, Thangavel R, Trappe JM, van Iperen AL, Van Steenwinkel C, Wells A, Wingfield MJ, Yilmaz N, Groenewald JZ

Fungal Syst Evol

08-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9903348
doi:	10.3114/fuse.2022.10.02
PMID:	36789279

Mass spectrometry data on specialized metabolome of medicinal plants used in East Asian traditional medicine

Kang KB, Jeong E, Son S, Lee E, Lee S, Choi SY, Kim HW, Yang H, Shim SH

Sci Data

27-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9420114
doi:	10.1038/s41597-022-01662-2
PMID:	36030263

Antibacterial and Antifungal Alkaloids from Asian Angiosperms: Distribution, Mechanisms of Action, Structure-Activity, and Clinical Potentials

Sulaiman M, Jannat K, Nissapatorn V, Rahmatullah M, Paul AK, de Lourdes Pereira M, Rajagopal M, Suleiman M, Butler MS, Break MK, Weber JF, Wilairatana P, Wiart C

Antibiotics (Basel)

24-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9495154
doi:	10.3390/antibiotics11091146
PMID:	36139926

Natural Products Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidases—Potential New Drug Leads for Neuroprotection, Neurological Disorders, and Neuroblastoma

Chaurasiya ND, Leon F, Muhammad I, Tekwani BL

Molecules

04-Jul-2022

PMCID:	PMC9268457
doi:	10.3390/molecules27134297
PMID:	35807542

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives
Syringic Acid	10742	Click to see	198.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Myristic Acid	11005	Click to see	228.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563628
Oleic Acid	445639	Click to see	282.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563628
Palmitic Acid	985	Click to see	256.42	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563628
Palmitoleic Acid	445638	Click to see CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	254.41	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563628
Stearic Acid	5281	Click to see	284.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563628
Tridecanoic acid	12530	Click to see	214.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563628
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids
Capric Acid	2969	Click to see CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O	172.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563628
Nonanoic Acid	8158	Click to see CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	158.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563628
Undecanoic Acid	8180	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O	186.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563628
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Elaidolinolenic acid	5282822	Click to see	278.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563628
Linoleic Acid	5280450	Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	280.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563628
Linolenic Acid	5280934	Click to see	278.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563628
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones
2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 7-[[(2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl]oxy]-	400073	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCOC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)C)C	298.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099989
Auraptene	1550607	Click to see	298.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(73)80105-X https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099989
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Diterpene lactones
Angustifolin	21575185	Click to see CC12CCCC3(C1C(OC2)OC)COC(=O)C45C3C(CC(C4)C(=C)C5=O)O	376.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids / Limonoids
(1R,2R,7S,10R,13R,14R,20S)-19-(2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-9,9,13,20-tetramethyl-4,8,15,18-tetraoxahexacyclo[11.9.0.02,7.02,10.014,16.014,20]docosane-5,12,17-trione	137795622	Click to see CC1(C2CC(=O)C3(C(C24COC(=O)CC4O1)CCC5(C36C(O6)C(=O)OC5C7=CC(=O)OC7O)C)C)C	502.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
(1S,2R,7S,10R,13R,14R,16S,19S,20S)-19-(furan-3-yl)-9,9,13,20-tetramethyl-4,8,15,18-tetraoxahexacyclo[11.9.0.02,7.02,10.014,16.014,20]docosane-5,12,17-trione	162918695	Click to see CC1(C2CC(=O)C3(C(C24COC(=O)CC4O1)CCC5(C36C(O6)C(=O)OC5C7=COC=C7)C)C)C	470.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(73)80105-X https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
Casimirolide	500031	Click to see	454.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1881.55.10_1153
Evodia fruit	235284	Click to see	470.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(73)80105-X https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
Limonin	179651	Click to see	470.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
Obacunone	119041	Click to see	454.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1881.55.10_1153 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones
(1R,2R,7S,13R,14R,16S,19R,20S)-19-(furan-3-yl)-11-hydroxy-9,9,13,20-tetramethyl-4,8,15,18-tetraoxahexacyclo[11.9.0.02,7.02,10.014,16.014,20]docos-10-ene-5,12,17-trione	44575802	Click to see	484.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
(1S,2R,7S,10R,13R,14R,16S,19R,20S)-19-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl]-9,9,13,20-tetramethyl-4,8,15,18-tetraoxahexacyclo[11.9.0.02,7.02,10.014,16.014,20]docosane-5,12,17-trione	163084925	Click to see	502.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
Evodol	185481	Click to see	484.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
Limonin diosphenol	329789	Click to see	484.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
b-Sitostenone	579897	Click to see	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
Stigmast-4-ee-3,6-dione	14308881	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
Stigmast-4-en-3-one	5484202	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
Stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione	5490007	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC(=O)C4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)C(C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol	22012	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids
N,N,N-trimethylglycinium	248	Click to see	118.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses
(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal	3037556	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(C=O)O)O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aryl ketones / Aryl alkyl ketones
1-(3,4-Dimethoxyfuran-2-yl)ethanone	5316662	Click to see	170.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Chromones
(2r)-2,3-Dihydro-2-methyl-5-methoxy-benzopyran-4-one	5316661	Click to see	192.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
2,3-Dihydro-5-methoxy-2-methylchromen-4-one	15608569	Click to see	192.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isobenzofurans
3-Furan-3-yl-3a,7-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one	500095	Click to see	232.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19302680108 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1881.55.10_1153
Fraxinellone	124039	Click to see CC1=C2C(=O)OC(C2(CCC1)C)C3=COC=C3	232.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962756 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1881.55.10_1153 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19302680108 https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(73)80105-X https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
Fraxinellonone	6712624	Click to see CC1=C2C(=O)OC(C2(CCC1=O)C)C3=COC=C3	246.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives
Dubamine	360322	Click to see C1OC2=C(O1)C=C(C=C2)C3=NC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3	249.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00636032
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Dihydrofuranoquinolines
2-(2,3-Dihydro-4-methoxyfuro(2,3-b)quinolin-2-yl)-1,2-propanediol	442897	Click to see	275.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00636032
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Furanoquinolines
4-Ethoxy-7,8-dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinoline	8016789	Click to see CCOC1=C2C=COC2=NC3=C1C=CC(=C3OC)OC	273.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(73)80105-X
4-Ethoxy-8-methoxyfuro[2,3-B]quinoline	71333996	Click to see CCOC1=C2C=COC2=NC3=C1C=CC=C3OC	243.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(73)80105-X
6-Hydroxy-9-methylfuro[2,3-b]quinolin-4(9H)-one	5316663	Click to see	215.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
8-Hydroxydictamnine	164950	Click to see	215.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00568444
8-Methoxy-9-Methylfuro(2,3-B)Quinolin-4-One	927945	Click to see	229.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
Dictamnine	68085	Click to see	199.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00636032 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00565245 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00568444 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6 https://doi.org/10.2307/4117899 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.34.1826
Evoxine	73416	Click to see	347.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00636032
Gamma-Fagarine	107936	Click to see	229.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00565245 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00568444 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.34.1826
Isodictamnine	442913	Click to see CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C1OC=C3	199.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00568444 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00603427 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00565245 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
Isomaculosidine	3083609	Click to see CN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2OC)OC)C(=O)C3=C1OC=C3	259.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00603427 https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(73)80105-X https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
Isopteleine	776150	Click to see	229.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00565245
Skimmianine	6760	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=C3C=COC3=N2)OC)OC	259.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00568444 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.34.1826 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6 https://doi.org/10.2307/4117899 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00636032
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives
4,7,8-trimethyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1H-quinolin-2-one	163073196	Click to see CC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=C(C(=O)N2)CC=C(C)C)C)C	255.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Hydroquinolones
2(1H)-Quinolinone, 4,7,8-trimethoxy-1-methyl-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-	10313744	Click to see	317.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00565245
Preskimmianine	12305721	Click to see	303.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)84805-X https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(73)80105-X
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Pyranoquinolines
N-Methylflindersine	72819	Click to see	241.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives
Coumarin	323	Click to see	146.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methylumbelliferone	10748	Click to see	176.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
Scoparone	8417	Click to see	206.19	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Coumarin glycosides
Cichoriin	442101	Click to see	340.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
Esculin	5281417	Click to see C1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(=C(C=C21)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O	340.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
Scopolin	439514	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens
Isoimperatorin	68081	Click to see	270.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579494
Psoralen	6199	Click to see	186.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579494
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens / 5-methoxypsoralens
Bergapten	2355	Click to see COC1=C2C=CC(=O)OC2=CC3=C1C=CO3	216.19	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00603427 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579494
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens / 8-methoxypsoralens
8-Methoxypsoralen	4114	Click to see	216.19	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579494
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins
Isoscopoletin	69894	Click to see	192.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 6,7-dihydroxycoumarins
Esculetin	5281416	Click to see	178.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579494
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
7-Hydroxy-3-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)chromen-2-one	5363192	Click to see	230.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
Scopoletin	5280460	Click to see	192.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579494 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
Umbelliferone	5281426	Click to see C1=CC(=CC2=C1C=CC(=O)O2)O	162.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579494 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00519-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579494
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Isoquercetin	5280804	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579494
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579494
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
Chrysoeriol	5280666	Click to see	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50066A020
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 6-O-methylated flavonoids
Axillarin	5281603	Click to see	346.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962047

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Dictamnus albus

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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