Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Berberis vulgaris var. crataegina	(DC.) Hook.f. & Thomson	Fl. Brit. India 1: 109 (1872)
Berberis crataegina var. armeniaca	C.K.Schneid.	Bull. Herb. Boissier II, 5: 657 1905
Berberis iberica var. paphlagonica	C.K.Schneid.	Bull. Herb. Boissier II, 5: 656 1905

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
Russian	Барбарис боярышниковый

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Middle Asia
  - Turkmenistan
- Western Asia
  - Iran
  - Turkey

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000563025
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:106568-1
The Plant List	kew-2673657
Open Tree Of Life	6129500
NCBI Taxonomy	2602221
IPNI	106568-1
iNaturalist	357836
GBIF	3981411
EPPO	BEBCG
EOL	5514684
USDA GRIN	6843
CMAUP	NPO21822

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Application of Plant Oils as Functional Additives in Edible Films and Coatings for Food Packaging: A Review

Moghadas HC, Chauhan R, Smith JS

Foods

25-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11011941
doi:	10.3390/foods13070997
PMID:	38611303

Effect of apricot kernel seed extract on biophysical properties of chitosan film for packaging applications

Saied M, Ward A, Hamieda SF

Sci Rep

10-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10858884
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-53397-2
PMID:	38341481

The Extraction and Impact of Essential Oils on Bioactive Films and Food Preservation, with Emphasis on Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities—A Review

Khan S, Abdo AA, Shu Y, Zhang Z, Liang T

Foods

18-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10670266
doi:	10.3390/foods12224169
PMID:	38002226

Chitosan-Based Composites: Development and Perspective in Food Preservation and Biomedical Applications

Kumar A, Yadav S, Pramanik J, Sivamaruthi BS, Jayeoye TJ, Prajapati BG, Chaiyasut C

Polymers (Basel)

25-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10421092
doi:	10.3390/polym15153150
PMID:	37571044

Design of Biodegradable Films Using Pecan Nut Cake Extracts for Food Packing

Alves JD, Canabarro NI, Boeira CP, Melo PT, Aouada MR, da Rosa CS

Foods

26-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10093672
doi:	10.3390/foods12071405
PMID:	37048226

Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Properties of Chitosan and Sodium Alginate Based Films Incorporated with Ficus Extract

Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Shah YA, Jawad M, Al-Azri MS, Ullah S, Anwer MK, Aldawsari MF, Koca E, Aydemir LY

Polymers (Basel)

28-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC10007391
doi:	10.3390/polym15051215
PMID:	36904456

Reduction of Nitrite in Canned Pork through the Application of Black Currant (Ribes nigrum L.) Leaves Extract

Wójciak KM, Ferysiuk K, Kęska P, Materska M, Chilczuk B, Trząskowska M, Kruk M, Kołożyn-Krajewska D, Domínguez R

Molecules

12-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9962172
doi:	10.3390/molecules28041749
PMID:	36838736

Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities of the Ethanolic Extract Obtained from Berberis vulgaris Roots and Leaves

El-Zahar KM, Al-Jamaan ME, Al-Mutairi FR, Al-Hudiab AM, Al-Einzi MS, Mohamed AA

Molecules

19-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9503718
doi:	10.3390/molecules27186114
PMID:	36144846

3D Printed gelatin film with Garcinia atroviridis extract

Yap KL, Kong I, Abdul Kalam Saleena L, Pui LP

J Food Sci Technol

18-Jun-2022

PMCID:	PMC9525530
doi:	10.1007/s13197-022-05508-y
PMID:	36193470

Antidiarrheal Effect of 80% Methanol Extract and Fractions of the Leaves of Ocimum lamiifolium in Swiss Albino Mice

Adela Alemu M, Andargie Y, Sisay W, Mengie T, Tessema Desta G, Ayalew Tessema T, Belete Abebe R, Melese Birru E, Tarekegn Gebyaw S, Adugna Ayanaw M

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

26-May-2022

PMCID:	PMC9162844
doi:	10.1155/2022/6838295
PMID:	35664936

Current Trends in the Utilization of Essential Oils for Polysaccharide- and Protein-Derived Food Packaging Materials

Zubair M, Shahzad S, Hussain A, Pradhan RA, Arshad M, Ullah A

Polymers (Basel)

13-Mar-2022

PMCID:	PMC8950623
doi:	10.3390/polym14061146
PMID:	35335477

Gastroprotective effect of Berberis vulgaris on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury: Histopathological evaluations

Kapitonova M, Gupalo S, Alyautdin R, Ibrahim IA, Salim N, Ahmad A, Talip SB, Nwe TM, Morokhina S

Avicenna J Phytomed

01-Jan-2022

PMCID:	PMC8801213
doi:	10.22038/AJP.2021.18113
PMID:	35145893

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activities and Fatty Acid Compositions of Wild Berberis spp. by Different Techniques Combined with Chemometrics (PCA and HCA)

Gıdık B

Molecules

09-Dec-2021

PMCID:	PMC8704344
doi:	10.3390/molecules26247448
PMID:	34946529

Berberis Vulgaris Fruit: Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Extracts Obtained by Supercritical CO2 and Soxhlet Methods Using HPLC

Nuralın L, Gürü M

Food Anal Methods

17-Nov-2021

PMCID:	PMC8598104
doi:	10.1007/s12161-021-02136-8
PMID:	34812272

New Active Packaging Based on Biopolymeric Mixture Added with Bacteriocin as Active Compound

Contessa CR, da Rosa GS, Moraes CC

Int J Mol Sci

30-Sep-2021

PMCID:	PMC8508738
doi:	10.3390/ijms221910628
PMID:	34638967

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines
Magnoflorine	73337	Click to see C[N+]1(CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)O)O)OC)C	342.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373804 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02200-2
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Protoberberine alkaloids and derivatives
Berberine	2353	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C[N+]3=C(C=C2C=C1)C4=CC5=C(C=C4CC3)OCO5)OC	336.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373804 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02200-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00387-7
Columbamine	72310	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C[N+]3=C(C=C2C=C1)C4=CC(=C(C=C4CC3)OC)O)OC	338.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02200-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373804
Palmatine	19009	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C[N+]3=C(C=C2C=C1)C4=CC(=C(C=C4CC3)OC)OC)OC	352.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02200-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373804
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	72	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)O)O)O	154.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds
(1S,14R)-20,21,25-trimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-8,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.29,12.13,7.114,18.027,31.022,33]hexatriaconta-3(36),4,6,9(35),10,12(34),18,20,22(33),24,26,31-dodecaen-6-ol	5320345	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=CC(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)O3)O)OC)OC	608.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19683010906
1-Isotetrandrine	457825	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)OC)OC	622.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373804
6,6'-Dimethoxy-2,2'-dimethyloxyacanthan-7,12'-diol	122728	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=CC(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)O3)O)O)OC	594.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373804 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02200-2
6,6',7-Trimethoxy-2,2'-dimethylberbaman-12-ol	10170	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)O)OC	608.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373804 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19683010906 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02200-2
Aromoline	362574	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=CC(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)O3)O)O)OC	594.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373804 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02200-2
Berbamine	275182	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)O)OC	608.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19683010906 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02200-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373804
CID 12300053	12300053	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)O)OC	608.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02200-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373804
Isosinomenine A	5422	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)OC)OC	622.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373804
Oxyacanthine	442333	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=CC(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)O3)O)OC)OC	608.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02200-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373804
Oxycanthine	371257	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=CC(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)O3)O)OC)OC	608.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19683010906 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02200-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373804
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Catalpic acid	5385589	Click to see CCCCC=CC=CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	278.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Glycosylglycerols / Glycosyldiacylglycerols / 1,2-diacyl-3-O-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerols
[(2S)-2-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl]oxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypropyl] (Z)-octadec-9-enoate	10509461	Click to see CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC	781.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(1R,2R,4bR,6R,7R,8aS)-2-ethenyl-1,6,7-trihydroxy-2,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-1,5,6,7,8a,9-hexahydrophenanthren-3-one	56954823	Click to see CC1(C2CC=C3C(C(C(=O)C=C3C2(CC(C1O)O)C)(C)C=C)O)C	332.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,4S,6S,9S,10S,13S)-6-hydroxy-5,5,9,13-tetramethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadec-14-ene-7,12-dione	5352023	Click to see CC1(C2CCC34CC(C=C3)(C(=O)CC4C2(CC(=O)C1O)C)C)C	316.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(5beta,10alpha,13R)-3alpha-Hydroxypimara-8(14),15-diene-12-one	101448906	Click to see CC1(C2CCC3=CC(C(=O)CC3C2(CCC1O)C)(C)C=C)C	302.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
17-Norkaur-15-ene-3,12-dione, 13-methyl-, (8I(2),13I(2))-	100926172	Click to see CC1(C2CCC34CC(C=C3)(C(=O)CC4C2(CCC1=O)C)C)C	300.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Beyerene	107412	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)(C=C4)C)C)C	272.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene	12314280	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC3=CC(CCC32)(C)C=C)C)C	272.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
yucalexin B-22	44448252	Click to see CC1(C2CCC34CC(C=C3)(C(=O)CC4C2(CC(C1O)O)C)C)C	318.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
yucalexin P-15	44448251	Click to see CC1(C2CC=C3C(C(C(=O)C=C3C2(CC(=O)C1O)C)(C)C=C)O)C	330.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
yucalexin P-17	44448241	Click to see CC1(C2CCC3=CC(C(CC3C2(CC(=O)C1O)C)O)(C)C=C)C	318.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids
ent-Kaurene	11966109	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)C(=C)C4)C)C	272.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Villanovane, atisane, trachylobane or helvifulvane diterpenoids / Atisane diterpenoids
(16S)-16-Hydroxy-13,16-secotrachyloba-13-ene-3-one	100926173	Click to see CC1(C2CCC34CC(C(CC3C2(CCC1=O)C)C=C4)(C)O)C	302.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids
(2R,4aR,6aR,6bR,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bR)-2,4a,6b,9,9,12a,14a-heptamethyl-10-oxo-3,4,5,6a,7,8,8a,11,12,13,14,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-2-carboxylic acid	102134163	Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1=O)C)CCC4(C3=CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C(=O)O)C)C)C)C	454.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isotaraxerol	12443227	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CC=C3C4(CCC5C(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2C1)C)C)O)(C)C)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Taraxerol	92097	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CC=C3C4(CCC5C(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2C1)C)C)O)(C)C)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Taraxerone	92785	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CC=C3C4(CCC5C(C(=O)CCC5(C4CCC3(C2C1)C)C)(C)C)C)C)C	424.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Carotenes
Beta-Carotene	5280489	Click to see CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)C=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC2=C(CCCC2(C)C)C)C)C	536.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(4aS,6aR,6bS,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-2,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-one	38359273	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(=O)C5(C)C)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	424.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Beta-Amyrin	73145	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
beta-Amyrone	12306160	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(=O)C5(C)C)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	424.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Lupenone	92158	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C	424.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(E,1R,4S)-4-ethyl-1,5-dimethyl-hex-2-enyl]-8,10,13-trimethyl-1,2,3,4,7,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	23246947	Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C)C(C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one	12943207	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2C=CC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)C(C)C	410.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sitogluside	5742590	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Cyanogenic glycosides
Epilotaustralin	185818	Click to see CCC(C)(C#N)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O	261.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
Linamarin	11128	Click to see CC(C)(C#N)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O	247.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
2-((6-O-(beta-D-apiofuranosyl)beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)propane	10316099	Click to see CC(C)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)COC2C(C(CO2)(CO)O)O)O)O)O	354.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
ethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside	121667	Click to see CCOC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O	208.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Isoquinolones and derivatives
2,9,10-Trimethoxy-5,6-dihydroisoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinolin-3-one	10065647	Click to see COC1=C(C2=CN3CCC4=CC(=O)C(=CC4=C3C=C2C=C1)OC)OC	337.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373804 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02200-2
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Coumarin glycosides
Esculin	5281417	Click to see C1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(=C(C=C21)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O	340.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
Scopolin	439514	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 6,7-dihydroxycoumarins
Esculetin	5281416	Click to see C1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(=C(C=C21)O)O	178.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
Scopoletin	5280460	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)O	192.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Cianidanol	9064	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O	290.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside	5318767	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rutin	5280805	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	610.50	unknown	via CMAUP database

Biological Material Top

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Berberis crataegina

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top