Primula vulgaris
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID6440024b093af350470457 |
| Scientific name | Primula vulgaris |
| Authority | Huds. |
| First published in | Fl. Angl. : 70 (1762) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Primula vulgaris is cultivated and sold as a flowering ornamental. Plants, seeds, and vegetative propagules are traded by horticultural nurseries and seed houses for spring bedding, container displays, and woodland/shade plantings. Cut stems are used in small-scale floral arrangements.
Industrial and craft applications:
No industrial or craft uses are reported for this taxon. Any dyeing, saponin, or resin applications are not supported by reliable documentation.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No culinary use is reported; the plant is not documented as an edible ingredient.
Colorants and tanning:
No documented use as a dye, pigment, or tanning agent.
Wood and fiber:
No timber or fiber products are reported.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
No fragrance or cosmetic applications are documented for this species.
Properties relevant to use:
The ornamental value derives from early, prolific flowering and shade tolerance, with variation among cultivars in flower color, form, and remontancy under cultivation. No documented non-ornamental properties or standardized extracts are established for this taxon.
Standards and regulation:
No specific standards or regulatory frameworks are documented for this species.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Commercial production is horticulture-based through seed sowing and vegetative propagation; wild collection is not required for the ornamental trade. No sustainability frameworks are specifically recorded for this taxon.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Primula variabilis | Bastard | Suppl. Fl. Maine-et-Loire : 26 (1812) |
| Primula vernalis | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 117 (1796) |
| Primula sylvestris | Scop. | Fl. Carniol. , ed. 2, 1: 132 (1771) |
| Primula pseudoacaulis | Schur | Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 552 (1866) |
| Primula acaulis | Hill | Veg. Syst. 8: 25 (1765) |
| Primula calycantha | Retz. | Observ. Bot. 2: 10 (1781) |
| Primula bicolor | Raf. | Caratt. Nuov. Gen. : 78 (1810) |
| Primula grandiflora | Lam. | Fl. Franç. 2: 248 (1779) |
| Primula inodora | Hill | Herb. Brit. 2: 193 (1770) |
| Primula hybrida | Schrank | Baier. Fl. 1: 449 (1789) |
| Primula veris var. acaulis | L. | Sp. Pl. 143 1753 |
| Primula acaulis subsp. vulgaris | (Huds.) O.Schwarz | Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. , n.s., 1: 109 (1949) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | common primrose |
| English | primrose |
| Spanish | primavera |
| Arabic | زهرة الربيع الشائعة |
| Arabic | كعب الثلج |
| Arabic | زهر الربيع |
| Bulgarian | Обикновена иглика |
| Bulgarian | безстъблена иглика |
| Bosnian | jagorčevina |
| Catalan | primevère commune |
| Catalan | prímula acaule |
| Czech | prvosenka bezlodyžná |
| Welsh | briallu |
| Welsh | briallen |
| Danish | storblomstret kodriver |
| German | primevère commune |
| German | schaftlose schlüsselblume |
| German | stengellose schlüsselblume |
| German | erd-primel |
| German | stängellose schlüsselblume |
| German | schaftlose primel |
| Greek | Πρίμουλα |
| Estonian | varretu priimula |
| Basque | sanjose-lore |
| Persian | پامچال |
| Persian | گل پامچال |
| Finnish | kääpiöesikko |
| Faroese | leggstutt fransagras |
| French | primevère acaule |
| French | primevère commune |
| Irish | sabhaircín |
| Galician | cáncaro |
| Hebrew | בכור אביב מצוי |
| Croatian | jaglac |
| Croatian | jagorčevina |
| Upper Sorbian | kuši kropačk |
| Hungarian | szártalan kankalin |
| Armenian | Գնարբուկ Կոմարովի |
| Indonesian | sembulau inggris |
| io | primrozo |
| Icelandic | laufeyjarlykill |
| Japanese | イチゲサクラソウ |
| Japanese | プリムラ・ヴルガリス |
| Japanese | プリムラ・ブルガリス |
| Kabyle | iferr n wudi |
| Korean | 프림로즈 |
| Cornish | briallen |
| Cornish | brialli |
| Lithuanian | paprastoji raktažolė |
| Lithuanian | primevère commune |
| Latvian | parastā prīmula |
| Macedonian | Јаглика |
| Malayalam | പ്രിമുല വൾഗാരിസ് |
| mzn | بچا بچا |
| nap | caciòla |
| Norwegian Bokmål | kusymre |
| Dutch | stengelloze sleutelbloem |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | kusom |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | kusymra |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | kusymre |
| Polish | pierwiosnek bezłodygowy |
| Polish | pierwiosnka bezłodygowa |
| Russian | Примула обыкновенная |
| Russian | Примула бесстебельная |
| Russian | Первоцвет бесстебельный |
| Russian | Первоцвет обыкновенный |
| Serbo-Croatian | jaglac |
| Slovak | prvosienka bezbyľová |
| Slovenian | trobentice |
| Slovenian | trobentica |
| Serbian | Јагорчевина |
| Swedish | jordviva |
| Swedish | primevère commune |
| Ukrainian | Первоцвіт звичайний |
| Chinese | 西洋报春 |
| Chinese | 欧洲报春 |
| Chinese | 普通報春花 |
| Chinese | 西洋樱草花 |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Primula vulgaris subsp. atlantica | (Maire & Wilczek) Greuter & Burdet | Willdenowia 12: 199 (1982) |
| Primula vulgaris subsp. balearica | (Willk.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest | Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 42. 1928 (1928) |
| Primula vulgaris subsp. rubra | (Sm.) Arcang. | Comp. Fl. Ital. 567. 1882 (1882) |
| Primula vulgaris subsp. alpina | Canak & Gajić | Glasn. Prir. Mus. Beogradu, Ser. B, Biol. Nauke 33: 77 (1979) |
| Primula vulgaris subsp. vulgaris | Unknown |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Begin at 20°C for 6 weeks, cool to 4°C for 6 weeks, then gradually increase to 10°C over 6 weeks. If no germination, the cycle is repeated. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
-
Northern Africa
- Algeria
- Morocco
-
Northern Africa
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
-
Western Asia
- Cyprus
- East Aegean Islands
- Lebanon-Syria
- Turkey
-
Caucasus
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- Central European Russia
- Krym
- Ukraine
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Hungary
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Switzerland
-
Northern Europe
- Denmark
- Føroyar
- Great Britain
- Ireland
- Norway
- Sweden
-
Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Kriti
- Romania
- Sicilia
- Turkey-in-Europe
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- Baleares
- Corse
- France
- Portugal
- Spain
-
Eastern Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000482762 |
| UNII | KZ3PRK2V0J |
| Tropicos | 26400096 |
| INPN | 115925 |
| Flora of Italy | 11392 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:702779-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2563766 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 285547 |
| PaleoBotany | 118230 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 125543 |
| Observations.org | 2698 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 175104 |
| NBN Atlas | NHMSYS0000462067 |
| IPNI | 702779-1 |
| iNaturalist | 56136 |
| GBIF | 5414335 |
| Freebase | /m/05jqpx |
| EPPO | PRIVU |
| EOL | 485638 |
| Elurikkus | 6577 |
| USDA GRIN | 29712 |
| Wikipedia | Primula_vulgaris |
| CMAUP | NPO13374 |
| Plantarium | 30375 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
| Accession | Assembly | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Level | Submitter | Released | Coverage | Size | |
| GCA_963920805.1 | ddPriVulg1.1 | Chromosome | WELLCOME SANGER INSTITUTE | 2023-12-25 | 44 | 398.40 Mb |
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Salicylic acid and derivatives / Salicylic acids | |||||
| Salicylic Acid | 338 | Click to see | 138.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88025-5 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Sterculic acid | 12921 | Click to see | 294.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols | |||||
| 1-Octacosanol | 68406 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO | 410.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| Beta-Amyrin | 73145 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Beta-Amyrin Acetate | 92156 | Click to see | 468.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Lupenone | 92158 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C | 424.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids | |||||
| Betaine | 247 | Click to see | 117.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzoquinones / P-benzoquinones | |||||
| Primin | 84800 | Click to see | 208.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0536.2001.440105.X |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyrimidines / Purines and purine derivatives / Xanthines | |||||
| Caffeine | 2519 | Click to see CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)C | 194.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| Rutin | 5280805 | Click to see | 610.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |