Primula vulgaris
Table of Contents
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID6440024b093af350470457 |
| Scientific name | Primula vulgaris |
| Authority | Huds. |
| First published in | Fl. Angl. : 70 (1762) |
Description Top
Suggest a correction or write a new one!
Primula vulgaris, also known as the common primrose, is a flowering plant in the Primulaceae family. It is native to western and southern Europe, northwest Africa, and parts of southwest Asia. The plant is commonly found in open woods, shaded hedgerows, and clear, moist deciduous forests. It is one of the first flowers to bloom in spring, and its name reflects this, as "primrose" comes from the Latin word for "first rose." The plant has pale yellow flowers, but white and pink varieties can also be found in nature. It is an important food source for insects, and its seeds are spread by ants. The plant has been used for medicinal purposes in the past, and its leaves and flowers are edible. The primrose is also popular in cottage gardens and has been bred into a variety of colors. It holds cultural significance, being the favorite flower of Benjamin Disraeli and appearing in heraldry and on coins.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Primula variabilis | Bastard | Suppl. Fl. Maine-et-Loire : 26 (1812) |
| Primula vernalis | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 117 (1796) |
| Primula sylvestris | Scop. | Fl. Carniol. , ed. 2, 1: 132 (1771) |
| Primula pseudoacaulis | Schur | Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 552 (1866) |
| Primula acaulis | Hill | Veg. Syst. 8: 25 (1765) |
| Primula calycantha | Retz. | Observ. Bot. 2: 10 (1781) |
| Primula bicolor | Raf. | Caratt. Nuov. Gen. : 78 (1810) |
| Primula grandiflora | Lam. | Fl. Franç. 2: 248 (1779) |
| Primula inodora | Hill | Herb. Brit. 2: 193 (1770) |
| Primula hybrida | Schrank | Baier. Fl. 1: 449 (1789) |
| Primula veris var. acaulis | L. | Sp. Pl. 143 1753 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | common primrose |
| English | primrose |
| Spanish | primavera |
| Arabic | كعب الثلج |
| Arabic | زهر الربيع |
| Arabic | زهرة الربيع الشائعة |
| Bulgarian | Обикновена иглика |
| Bulgarian | безстъблена иглика |
| Bosnian | jagorčevina |
| Catalan | primevère commune |
| Catalan | prímula acaule |
| Czech | prvosenka bezlodyžná |
| Welsh | briallu |
| Welsh | briallen |
| Danish | storblomstret kodriver |
| German | schaftlose primel |
| German | stängellose schlüsselblume |
| German | erd-primel |
| German | primevère commune |
| German | schaftlose schlüsselblume |
| German | stengellose schlüsselblume |
| Greek | Πρίμουλα |
| Estonian | varretu priimula |
| Basque | sanjose-lore |
| Persian | پامچال |
| Persian | گل پامچال |
| Finnish | kääpiöesikko |
| Faroese | leggstutt fransagras |
| French | primevère acaule |
| French | primevère commune |
| Irish | sabhaircín |
| Galician | cáncaro |
| Hebrew | בכור אביב מצוי |
| Croatian | jagorčevina |
| Croatian | jaglac |
| Upper Sorbian | kuši kropačk |
| Hungarian | szártalan kankalin |
| Armenian | Գնարբուկ Կոմարովի |
| Indonesian | sembulau inggris |
| io | primrozo |
| Icelandic | laufeyjarlykill |
| Japanese | プリムラ・ブルガリス |
| Japanese | イチゲサクラソウ |
| Japanese | プリムラ・ヴルガリス |
| Kabyle | iferr n wudi |
| Korean | 프림로즈 |
| Cornish | briallen |
| Cornish | brialli |
| Lithuanian | primevère commune |
| Lithuanian | paprastoji raktažolė |
| Latvian | parastā prīmula |
| Macedonian | Јаглика |
| Malayalam | പ്രിമുല വൾഗാരിസ് |
| mzn | بچا بچا |
| nap | caciòla |
| Norwegian Bokmål | kusymre |
| Dutch | stengelloze sleutelbloem |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | kusymra |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | kusom |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | kusymre |
| Polish | pierwiosnka bezłodygowa |
| Polish | pierwiosnek bezłodygowy |
| Russian | Первоцвет обыкновенный |
| Russian | Первоцвет бесстебельный |
| Russian | Примула бесстебельная |
| Russian | Примула обыкновенная |
| Serbo-Croatian | jaglac |
| Slovak | prvosienka bezbyľová |
| Slovenian | trobentica |
| Slovenian | trobentice |
| Serbian | Јагорчевина |
| Swedish | jordviva |
| Swedish | primevère commune |
| Ukrainian | Первоцвіт звичайний |
| Chinese | 西洋樱草花 |
| Chinese | 普通報春花 |
| Chinese | 欧洲报春 |
| Chinese | 西洋报春 |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Primula vulgaris subsp. atlantica | (Maire & Wilczek) Greuter & Burdet | Willdenowia 12: 199 (1982) |
| Primula vulgaris subsp. balearica | (Willk.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest | Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 42. 1928 (1928) |
| Primula vulgaris subsp. rubra | (Sm.) Arcang. | Comp. Fl. Ital. 567. 1882 (1882) |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Begin at 20°C for 6 weeks, cool to 4°C for 6 weeks, then gradually increase to 10°C over 6 weeks. If no germination, the cycle is repeated. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
-
Northern Africa
- Algeria
- Morocco
-
Northern Africa
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
-
Western Asia
- Cyprus
- East Aegean Islands
- Lebanon-Syria
- Turkey
-
Caucasus
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- Central European Russia
- Krym
- Ukraine
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Hungary
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Switzerland
-
Northern Europe
- Denmark
- Føroyar
- Great Britain
- Ireland
- Norway
- Sweden
-
Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Kriti
- Romania
- Sicilia
- Turkey-in-Europe
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- Baleares
- Corse
- France
- Portugal
- Spain
-
Eastern Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000482762 |
| UNII | KZ3PRK2V0J |
| Tropicos | 26400096 |
| INPN | 115925 |
| Flora of Italy | 11392 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:702779-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2563766 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 285547 |
| PaleoBotany | 118230 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 125543 |
| Observations.org | 2698 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 175104 |
| NBN Atlas | NHMSYS0000462067 |
| IPNI | 702779-1 |
| iNaturalist | 56136 |
| GBIF | 5414335 |
| Freebase | /m/05jqpx |
| EPPO | PRIVU |
| EOL | 485638 |
| Elurikkus | 6577 |
| USDA GRIN | 29712 |
| Wikipedia | Primula_vulgaris |
| CMAUP | NPO13374 |
| Plantarium | 30375 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
| Accession | Assembly | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Level | Submitter | Released | Coverage | Size | |
| GCA_963920805.1 | ddPriVulg1.1 | Chromosome | WELLCOME SANGER INSTITUTE | 2023-12-25 | 44.0x | 398.40 Mb |
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Salicylic acid and derivatives / Salicylic acids | |||||
| Salicylic Acid | 338 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)O | 138.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88025-5 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Sterculic acid | 12921 | Click to see CCCCCCCCC1=C(C1)CCCCCCCC(=O)O | 294.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols | |||||
| 1-Octacosanol | 68406 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO | 410.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| Beta-Amyrin | 73145 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| beta-Amyrin acetate | 92156 | Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C(C1(C)C)CCC3(C2CC=C4C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C | 468.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Lupenone | 92158 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C | 424.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids | |||||
| Betaine | 247 | Click to see C[N+](C)(C)CC(=O)[O-] | 117.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzoquinones / P-benzoquinones | |||||
| Primin | 84800 | Click to see CCCCCC1=CC(=O)C=C(C1=O)OC | 208.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0536.2001.440105.X |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyrimidines / Purines and purine derivatives / Xanthines | |||||
| Caffeine | 2519 | Click to see CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)C | 194.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| Rutin | 5280805 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 610.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |