Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Urena cana	Wall.	Numer. List : n.º 1930 B (1829)
Urena callifera	C.B.Clarke	J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 7 (1889)
Urena blumei	Hassk.	Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 12: 78 (1845)
Urena americana	L.	Pl. Surin. 11 1775
Urena aculeata	Mill.	Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 2 (1768)
Urena microcarpa	DC.	Prodr. 1: 442 (1824)
Urena mauritiana	Sieber ex Colla	Hortus Ripul. : 142 (1824)
Urena loureiroi	Meisn. ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 732 (1841)
Urena grandiflora	ex DC.	Prodr. 1: 442 (1824)
Urena haenkeana	Walp.	Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 297 (1842)
Urena heteromorpha	Montrouz.	Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. , sér. 2, 10: 180 (1860)
Urena ribesia	Sm.	Cycl. 37: n.º 5 (1818)
Urena sieberi	Colla	Hortus Ripul. : 142 (1824)
Urena obtusata	Guill. & Perr.	Fl. Seneg. Tent. : 48 (1831)
Urena phyllomorpha	Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 732 (1841)
Urena swartzii	DC.	Prodr. 1: 442 (1824)
Urena virgata	Guill. & Perr.	Fl. Seneg. Tent. : 48 (1831)
Urena viminea	Cav.	Diss. 6: 335 (1788)
Urena lobata var. americana	Gürke	Fl. Bras. 12(3): 471 (1892)
Malachra urena	DC.	Prodr. 1: 441 (1824)
Urena reticulata	Cav.	Diss. 6: 335 (1788)
Urena americana	L.f.	Pl. Surin. : 11 (1775)
Urena monopetala	Lour.	Fl. Cochinch. : 418 (1790)
Urena diversifolia	Schumach. & Thonn.	Beskr. Guin. Pl. : 308 (1827)
Urena lobata var. tomentosa	(Blume) Walp.	Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 19: 304 1843
Urena tomentosa	Blume	Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 65 (1825)
Urena trilobata	Vell.	Fl. Flumin. 7: 269 (1829)
Urena lobata var. trilobata	Gürke	Fl. Bras. 12(3): 471 (1892)
Urena lobata f. swartzii	Hochr.	Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 5: 141 (1901)
Urena lobata var. viminea	Gürke	Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 375 (1892)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	congo jute
English	common purple mallow
English	caesarweed
ace	beurunyong
Bengali	বনওকড়া
dag	pieɣu nyemari
German	kongojute
Hausa	jan tsu
ht	gran kouzen
Indonesian	pulutan
mad	polot
Malayalam	ഊർപണം
Malay	pepulut lembu
Malay	pepulut
Malay	pokok pepulut lembu
Burmese	နွားမြီးကပ်
Portuguese	aguaxima
pwn	puluc
Thai	ขี้ครอก
Chinese	地桃花（肖梵天花）
Chinese	肖梵天花
Chinese	地桃花
Chinese	地挑花
Chinese	大叶马松子
Chinese	野棉花
Chinese	千下槌
Chinese	半边月
Chinese	厚皮草
Chinese	马桩
Chinese	野鸡花
Chinese	迷
Chinese	红孩儿
Chinese	粘油子
Chinese	石松毛
Chinese	田芙蓉
Chinese	牛毛七
Chinese	毛桐子
Chinese	头婆

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Urena lobata var. chinensis	(Osbeck) S.Y.Hu	Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 153: 77. 1955 (1955)
Urena lobata var. glauca	(Blume) Borss.Waalk.	Blumea 14: 144. 1966 (1966)
Urena lobata var. mauritiana	Marais	Kew Bull. 38: 44 (1983)
Urena lobata var. umbonata	Marais	Kew Bull. 38: 44 (1983)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Tanzania
  - Uganda
- Macaronesia
  - Cape Verde
- Middle Atlantic Ocean
  - Ascension
  - Saint Helena
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad
  - Ethiopia
  - Sudan
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola
  - Malawi
  - Mozambique
  - Zambia
  - Zimbabwe
- Southern Africa
  - Namibia
  - Northern Provinces
- West Tropical Africa
  - Benin
  - Burkina
  - Gambia
  - Ghana
  - Guinea
  - Guinea-Bissau
  - Ivory Coast
  - Liberia
  - Mali
  - Mauritania
  - Niger
  - Nigeria
  - Senegal
  - Sierra Leone
  - Togo
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Burundi
  - Cameroon
  - Central African Republic
  - Congo
  - Gabon
  - Gulf Of Guinea Islands
  - Rwanda
  - Zaïre
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Comoros
  - Madagascar
  - Mauritius
  - Rodrigues
  - Réunion
  - Seychelles

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Hainan
  - Tibet
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Nansei-shoto
  - Taiwan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - East Himalaya
  - India
  - Laccadive Islands
  - Nepal
  - Pakistan
  - Sri Lanka
  - West Himalaya
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Cambodia
  - Laos
  - Myanmar
  - Nicobar Nicobar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Christmas Island
  - Jawa
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Malaya
  - Philippines
- Papuasia
  - Solomon Islands

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Central
  - Mexico Gulf
  - Mexico Southeast
  - Mexico Southwest
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Florida
  - Louisiana
  - South Carolina

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands
  - Marianas
- South-central Pacific
  - Cook Islands
  - Marquesas
  - Society Islands
  - Tuamotu
  - Tubuai Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji
  - New Caledonia
  - Niue
  - Samoa
  - Tonga
  - Vanuatu
  - Wallis-Futuna Islands

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil North
  - Brazil Northeast
  - Brazil South
  - Brazil Southeast
  - Brazil West-central
- Caribbean
  - Bahamas
  - Cayman Islands
  - Cuba
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Jamaica
  - Leeward Islands
  - Puerto Rico
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Venezuelan Antilles
  - Windward Islands
- Central America
  - Belize
  - Central American Pacific
  - Costa Rica
  - El Salvador
  - Honduras
  - Nicaragua
  - Panamá
- Northern South America
  - French Guiana
  - Guyana
  - Suriname
  - Venezuela
- Southern South America
  - Paraguay
- Western South America
  - Bolivia
  - Colombia
  - Galápagos
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000417231
UNII	75C1N61MBG
Florida Plant Atlas	1364
Flora of Alabama	5610
USDA Plants	URLO
Tropicos	19600119
INPN	447317
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:564786-1
The Plant List	kew-2449399
Open Tree Of Life	485925
NCBI Taxonomy	263848
Nature Serve	2.157221
IUCN Red List	136663001
IPNI	564786-1
iNaturalist	127638
GBIF	3152253
Freebase	/m/0hn86y6
EPPO	URNLO
EOL	584448
USDA GRIN	40900
Wikipedia	Urena_lobata
CMAUP	NPO29504

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Preparation and characterization of handsheet using cellulose based Agri-weed: A sustainable utilization of Urena Lobata fiber

Rahman S, Hasan K, Repon MR, Haque MM

Heliyon

04-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11016706
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29170
PMID:	38623225

The paradox of plant preference: The malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii select suboptimal food sources for their survival and reproduction

Paré PS, Hien DF, Youba M, Yerbanga RS, Cohuet A, Gouagna L, Diabaté A, Ignell R, Dabiré RK, Gnankiné O, Lefèvre T

Ecol Evol

25-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10963300
doi:	10.1002/ece3.11187
PMID:	38533352

Pest categorisation of Pyrrhoderma noxium

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Golic D, Gobbi A, Maiorano A, Pautasso M, Reignault PL

EFSA J

19-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10949325
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8667
PMID:	38505477

Evaluation of packaging, labels, and some physicochemical properties of herbal antimalarial products on the Ghanaian market

Amekyeh H, Kumadoh D, Adongo DW, Orman E, Abubakar S, Dwamena A, Aggrey MO

Heliyon

28-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10920373
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27032
PMID:	38463810

Soil seed bank dynamics of two invasive alien plants in Nigeria: implications for ecosystem restoration

Akomolafe GF, Rosazlina R, Omomoh B

AoB Plants

20-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10880880
doi:	10.1093/aobpla/plae003
PMID:	38384340

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the people of Mosop, Nandi County in Kenya

Maiyo ZC, Njeru SN, Toroitich FJ, Indieka SA, Obonyo MA

Front Pharmacol

19-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10834697
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2023.1328903
PMID:	38313073

Ophiorrhiza mungos-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles as Effective and Reusable Adsorbents for the Removal of Methylene Blue from Water

Akhi AA, Hasan A, Saha N, Howlader S, Bhattacharjee S, Dey K, Atique Ullah AK, Bhuiyan FR, Chakraborty AK, Akhtar US, Shaikh MA, Dey BK, Bhattacharjee S, Ganguli S

ACS Omega

15-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10831830
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.3c05992
PMID:	38313493

Nitrogen Deposition Amplifies the Legacy Effects of Plant Invasion

Cui M, Yu H, Fan X, Nawaz M, Lian J, Liu S, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Du D, Ren G

Plants (Basel)

25-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10780853
doi:	10.3390/plants13010072
PMID:	38202380

Seasonal dynamics of Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) sensu stricto in a degraded area of the Amazon biome, with notes on Rickettsia amblyommatis infection

de Araújo FE, Martins TF, Ramos CC, Nogueira RM, Faccini JL, Tavares MA, de Lima NJ, de Almeida Júnior EB, de Sousa-Paula LC, Dantas-Torres F, da Silva Krawczak F, Costa-Junior LM, Labruna MB, Dall′Agnol LT, Luz HR

Parasit Vectors

27-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10612284
doi:	10.1186/s13071-023-05978-9
PMID:	37891604

Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used by Bulang people in Yunnan, China

Zhou H, Zhang J, Kirbis BS, Mula Z, Zhang W, Kuang Y, Huang Q, Yin L

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

07-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10486041
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00609-0
PMID:	37679773

The diversity and quality of forages and their potency as herbal anthelmintic for swamp buffalo in Brebes District, Central Java

Satrija F, Nurhidayah N, Astuti DA, Retnani EB, Murtini S

Vet World

19-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10446728
doi:	10.14202/vetworld.2023.1496-1504
PMID:	37621552

Immunomodulating Phytochemicals: An Insight Into Their Potential Use in Cytokine Storm Situations

Alarabei AA, Abd Aziz NA, AB Razak NI, Abas R, Bahari H, Abdullah MA, Hussain MK, Abdul Majid AM, Basir R

Adv Pharm Bull

19-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10997936
doi:	10.34172/apb.2024.001
PMID:	38585461

Effectiveness of herbal plants on rumen fermentation, methane gas emissions, in vitro nutrient digestibility, and population of protozoa

Antonius A, Pazla R, Putri EM, Negara W, Laia N, Ridla M, Suharti S, Jayanegara A, Asmairicen S, Marlina L, Marta Y

Vet World

19-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10446706
doi:	10.14202/vetworld.2023.1477-1488
PMID:	37621549

Chemical extraction and its effect on the properties of cordleaf burbark (Triumfetta cordifolia A. rich) fibres for the manufacture of textile yarns

Soppie AG, Betené AD, Anicet Noah PM, Njom AE, Betené Ebanda F, Ateba A, Mewoli A, Efeze DN, Moukené R

Heliyon

23-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10319242
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17581
PMID:	37408913

Medicinal plants used for treatment of malaria by indigenous communities of Tororo District, Eastern Uganda

Tabuti JR, Obakiro SB, Nabatanzi A, Anywar G, Nambejja C, Mutyaba MR, Omara T, Waako P

Trop Med Health

12-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10258082
doi:	10.1186/s41182-023-00526-8
PMID:	37303066

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Malvalic acid	10416	Click to see CCCCCCCCC1=C(C1)CCCCCCC(=O)O	280.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740290412
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cycloartanols and derivatives
(Z)-6-[(3R,6S,15R,16R)-6-hydroxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]-2-methylhept-2-enoic acid	5319260	Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C(=O)O)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
(6-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-dienoyl) 5-[3-[3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxybenzoate	162875944	Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C(=O)OC(=O)C1=C(C=CC(=C1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)OC3C(C(CO3)(CO)O)O)O	614.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2010.510468
[(2E,6S)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-dienoyl] 5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxybenzoate	163190248	Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C(=O)OC(=O)C1=C(C=CC(=C1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)OC3C(C(CO3)(CO)O)O)O	614.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2010.510468
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones
Mangiferin	5281647	Click to see C1=C2C(=CC(=C1O)O)OC3=C(C2=O)C(=C(C(=C3)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	422.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Norathyriol	5281656	Click to see C1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	260.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)O	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
Kaempferol 4'-glucoside	5491693	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Luteolin-4'-o-glucoside	5319116	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
7-O-(4-Hydroxycinnamoyl)astragalin	101429564	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC(=O)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Astragalin	5282102	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isoquercetin	5280804	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside	5318767	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rutin	5280805	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	610.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	25203835	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
3''-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-alpha-rhamnoisorobin	102084237	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-(2''-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl)glucop7ranoside 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside	51136540	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)OC5C(C(CO5)(CO)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)O	726.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside	21606527	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaempferol 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	101949540	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaempferol-7-rhamnoside	25079965	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
(2R,3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-2-[3-methoxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid	162915878	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC2=C1OC(C2CO)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC)C(=O)O	508.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2010.510468
3-(Hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-2-[3-methoxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid	162915877	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC2=C1OC(C2CO)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC)C(=O)O	508.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2010.510468

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Urena lobata

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

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