Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Traditional preparations of Urena lobata are most often made as simple infusions and decoctions of the leaves and younger shoots. Among the Bantu-speaking communities of Tanzania, a leaf infusion is used to ease cough and to support digestion (Khalid et al., 2013). On Hainan Island, a decoction of whole young plants or leaves is taken for “cough due to wind-heat” (Flora of China, 2008), while in Taiwan, the leaves are stewed and drunk as an antipyretic to reduce fever (Materials for the Flora of Taiwan, 1993). Across these regions, the preparation differs mainly by timing: short infusions for general expectorant use and longer, stronger decoctions for fever management.

A practical, easy method is to make a mild leaf tea. Measure roughly 5–8 g of fresh young leaves and shoots, rinse, and place in a teapot or saucepan with 250 ml of just-boiled water. Cover and let steep for 10–12 minutes, then strain. Drink 1–2 cups per day. For a stronger decoction, add the same amount of plant material to 300 ml of water, bring to a gentle boil, and simmer for 10–15 minutes; cool and strain. When decotions are used for fever, take one cup up to twice daily. As with other medicinal teas, limit use to short courses and discontinue if irritation occurs. If you are pregnant, have a bleeding disorder, or are taking anticoagulant or antidiabetic medications, consult a qualified health professional before regular use (Khalid et al., 2013; Sarah et al., 2019).

The leaves contain flavonoids, mucilage, and saponins that plausibly underlie the cough‑soothing and digestive properties of the infusions and decoctions (Vassallo et al., 2007; Flora of China, 2008; Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2010). These constituents can soothe irritated mucosa and support expectoration, and mucilage may help with gentle demulcent effects in the stomach lining.

Research on Urena lobata remains focused on confirming traditional indications and characterizing phytochemistry rather than leading to widespread commercial products. In parts of South Asia and Southeast Asia the leaf infusions continue to be used at home for coughs and fevers (Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2017).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Bast fiber (raw, slivers, yarn) used in rope, twine, sacks, bags, and woven mats.
- Unbleached paper pulp processed from the stem bark.

Industrial and craft applications:
- Textile fabrics and mats produced by spinning the bast fibers into yarn and weaving them.
- Natural‑fiber‑reinforced polymer (NFRP) composites where Urena lobata fibers act as reinforcement.
- Kraft pulp for writing paper and newsprint; the low lignin content of the fiber yields high pulp yields and good brightness.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- Young leaves are harvested and cooked as a leafy vegetable in parts of West Africa, used in soups, stews, or boiled as greens; they are processed by washing, chopping, and sautéing.

Wood and fiber:
- The shrub does not produce timber; the stem is harvested for its bast fiber, which is separated by retting and mechanical beating for use in rope, textiles, and pulp.

Properties relevant to use:
- Bast fiber composition: cellulose ~68–72 %, hemicellulose ~12–15 %, lignin ~7–10 %; the low lignin level facilitates efficient chemical pulping.
- Fiber length 1–2.5 mm with tensile strength 400–600 MPa and moisture regain ~10–12 %, providing durability and good spinability.
- Fresh leaves contain about 2–3 g protein, 1–2 g fiber, and minerals such as iron and calcium per 100 g, making them suitable for culinary use.

Standards and regulation:
- Urena lobata fiber is classified as a bast fiber in the FAO/International Trade Centre natural‑fiber taxonomy.
- Pulp produced from the fiber complies with ISO 2470 (pulp brightness) and ISO 20645 (color‑fastness to washing) for paper quality.
- The leaves as a food are regulated under national food‑safety codes that govern leafy‑green vegetables (e.g., Codex Alimentarius for fresh leafy greens).

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Cultivated as a fast‑growing annual or short‑term perennial in tropical and subtropical regions (Southeast Asia, West Africa, South America); it tolerates marginal soils and provides ground cover, reducing erosion.
- The crop requires minimal fertilizer and can be harvested two to three times per year, supporting smallholder livelihoods.
- Fiber extraction by manual retting and simple mechanical beating uses low energy and limited chemicals, offering a lower environmental impact compared with synthetic fibers.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Urena cana	Wall.	Numer. List : n.º 1930 B (1829)
Urena callifera	C.B.Clarke	J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 7 (1889)
Urena blumei	Hassk.	Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 12: 78 (1845)
Urena americana	L.	Pl. Surin. 11 1775
Urena aculeata	Mill.	Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 2 (1768)
Urena microcarpa	DC.	Prodr. 1: 442 (1824)
Urena mauritiana	Sieber ex Colla	Hortus Ripul. : 142 (1824)
Urena loureiroi	Meisn. ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 732 (1841)
Urena grandiflora	ex DC.	Prodr. 1: 442 (1824)
Urena haenkeana	Walp.	Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 297 (1842)
Urena heteromorpha	Montrouz.	Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. , sér. 2, 10: 180 (1860)
Urena ribesia	Sm.	Cycl. 37: n.º 5 (1818)
Urena sieberi	Colla	Hortus Ripul. : 142 (1824)
Urena obtusata	Guill. & Perr.	Fl. Seneg. Tent. : 48 (1831)
Urena phyllomorpha	Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 732 (1841)
Urena swartzii	DC.	Prodr. 1: 442 (1824)
Urena virgata	Guill. & Perr.	Fl. Seneg. Tent. : 48 (1831)
Urena viminea	Cav.	Diss. 6: 335 (1788)
Urena lobata var. americana	Gürke	Fl. Bras. 12(3): 471 (1892)
Malachra urena	DC.	Prodr. 1: 441 (1824)
Urena reticulata	Cav.	Diss. 6: 335 (1788)
Urena americana	L.f.	Pl. Surin. : 11 (1775)
Urena monopetala	Lour.	Fl. Cochinch. : 418 (1790)
Urena diversifolia	Schumach. & Thonn.	Beskr. Guin. Pl. : 308 (1827)
Urena lobata var. tomentosa	(Blume) Walp.	Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 19: 304 1843
Urena tomentosa	Blume	Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 65 (1825)
Urena trilobata	Vell.	Fl. Flumin. 7: 269 (1829)
Urena lobata var. trilobata	Gürke	Fl. Bras. 12(3): 471 (1892)
Urena lobata f. swartzii	Hochr.	Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 5: 141 (1901)
Urena lobata var. viminea	Gürke	Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 375 (1892)
Urena lobata var. genuina	Miq.

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	congo jute
English	common purple mallow
English	caesarweed
ace	beurunyong
Bengali	বনওকড়া
dag	pieɣu nyemari
German	urenafaser
German	kongojute
Hausa	jan tsu
ht	gran kouzen
Indonesian	pulutan
mad	polot
Malayalam	ഊർപണം
Malay	pepulut lembu
Malay	pepulut
Malay	pokok pepulut lembu
Burmese	နွားမြီးကပ်
Portuguese	aguaxima
pwn	puluc
Thai	ขี้ครอก
Chinese	地桃花（肖梵天花）
Chinese	肖梵天花
Chinese	地桃花
Chinese	地挑花
Chinese	头婆
Chinese	野棉花
Chinese	千下槌
Chinese	厚皮草
Chinese	半边月
Chinese	大叶马松子
Chinese	马桩
Chinese	野鸡花
Chinese	迷
Chinese	红孩儿
Chinese	粘油子
Chinese	石松毛
Chinese	田芙蓉
Chinese	牛毛七
Chinese	毛桐子

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Urena lobata subsp. lobata
Urena lobata subsp. sinuata	(L.) Borss.Waalk.	Blumea 14: 142 (1966)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Urena lobata var. glauca	(Blume) Borss.Waalk.	Blumea 14: 144. 1966 (1966)
Urena lobata var. mauritiana	Marais	Kew Bull. 38: 44 (1983)
Urena lobata var. umbonata	Marais	Kew Bull. 38: 44 (1983)
Urena lobata var. henryi	S.Y.Hu	Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 153: 75. 1955 (1955)
Urena lobata var. multifida	(Cav.) Hochr.	Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 5: 140 (1901)
Urena lobata var. tricuspis	Gürke	Fl. Bras. (Martius) 12(3): 472. 1892 [15 Apr 1892]
Urena lobata var. yunnanensis	S.Y.Hu	Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 153: 77. 1955 (1955)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Tanzania
  - Uganda
- Macaronesia
  - Cape Verde
- Middle Atlantic Ocean
  - Ascension
  - Saint Helena
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad
  - Ethiopia
  - Sudan
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola
  - Malawi
  - Mozambique
  - Zambia
  - Zimbabwe
- Southern Africa
  - Namibia
  - Northern Provinces
- West Tropical Africa
  - Benin
  - Burkina
  - Gambia
  - Ghana
  - Guinea
  - Guinea-Bissau
  - Ivory Coast
  - Liberia
  - Mali
  - Mauritania
  - Niger
  - Nigeria
  - Senegal
  - Sierra Leone
  - Togo
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Burundi
  - Cameroon
  - Central African Republic
  - Congo
  - Gabon
  - Gulf Of Guinea Islands
  - Rwanda
  - Zaïre
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Comoros
  - Madagascar
  - Mauritius
  - Rodrigues
  - Réunion
  - Seychelles

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Hainan
  - Tibet
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Nansei-shoto
  - Taiwan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - East Himalaya
  - India
  - Laccadive Islands
  - Nepal
  - Pakistan
  - Sri Lanka
  - West Himalaya
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Cambodia
  - Laos
  - Myanmar
  - Nicobar Nicobar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Christmas Island
  - Jawa
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Malaya
  - Philippines
- Papuasia
  - Solomon Islands

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Central
  - Mexico Gulf
  - Mexico Southeast
  - Mexico Southwest
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Florida
  - Louisiana
  - South Carolina

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands
  - Marianas
- South-central Pacific
  - Cook Islands
  - Marquesas
  - Society Islands
  - Tuamotu
  - Tubuai Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji
  - New Caledonia
  - Niue
  - Samoa
  - Tonga
  - Vanuatu
  - Wallis-Futuna Islands

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil North
  - Brazil Northeast
  - Brazil South
  - Brazil Southeast
  - Brazil West-central
- Caribbean
  - Bahamas
  - Cayman Islands
  - Cuba
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Jamaica
  - Leeward Islands
  - Puerto Rico
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Venezuelan Antilles
  - Windward Islands
- Central America
  - Belize
  - Central American Pacific
  - Costa Rica
  - El Salvador
  - Honduras
  - Nicaragua
  - Panamá
- Northern South America
  - French Guiana
  - Guyana
  - Suriname
  - Venezuela
- Southern South America
  - Paraguay
- Western South America
  - Bolivia
  - Colombia
  - Galápagos
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000417231
UNII	75C1N61MBG
Florida Plant Atlas	1364
Flora of Alabama	5610
USDA Plants	URLO
Tropicos	19600119
INPN	447317
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:564786-1
The Plant List	kew-2449399
Open Tree Of Life	485925
NCBI Taxonomy	263848
Nature Serve	2.157221
IUCN Red List	136663001
IPNI	564786-1
iNaturalist	127638
GBIF	3152253
Freebase	/m/0hn86y6
EPPO	URNLO
EOL	584448
USDA GRIN	40900
Wikipedia	Urena_lobata
CMAUP	NPO29504

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Era of bast fibers-based polymer composites for replacement of man-made fibers

Santos CM, Santos TF, Aquino MS, Mavinkere Rangappa S, Siengchin S, Suyambulingam I

Heliyon

17-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11053226
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29761
PMID:	38681634

Preparation and characterization of handsheet using cellulose based Agri-weed: A sustainable utilization of Urena Lobata fiber

Rahman S, Hasan K, Repon MR, Haque MM

Heliyon

04-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11016706
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29170
PMID:	38623225

The paradox of plant preference: The malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii select suboptimal food sources for their survival and reproduction

Paré PS, Hien DF, Youba M, Yerbanga RS, Cohuet A, Gouagna L, Diabaté A, Ignell R, Dabiré RK, Gnankiné O, Lefèvre T

Ecol Evol

25-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10963300
doi:	10.1002/ece3.11187
PMID:	38533352

Pest categorisation of Pyrrhoderma noxium

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Golic D, Gobbi A, Maiorano A, Pautasso M, Reignault PL

EFSA J

19-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10949325
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8667
PMID:	38505477

Evaluation of packaging, labels, and some physicochemical properties of herbal antimalarial products on the Ghanaian market

Amekyeh H, Kumadoh D, Adongo DW, Orman E, Abubakar S, Dwamena A, Aggrey MO

Heliyon

28-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10920373
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27032
PMID:	38463810

Amazonian useful plants described in the book “Le Pays des Amazones” (1885) of the Brazilian propagandist Baron de Santa-Anna Nery: a historical and ethnobotanical perspective

Silva LN, Oliveira EC, Baratto LC

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

26-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10897987
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00663-2
PMID:	38409064

Soil seed bank dynamics of two invasive alien plants in Nigeria: implications for ecosystem restoration

Akomolafe GF, Rosazlina R, Omomoh B

AoB Plants

20-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10880880
doi:	10.1093/aobpla/plae003
PMID:	38384340

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the people of Mosop, Nandi County in Kenya

Maiyo ZC, Njeru SN, Toroitich FJ, Indieka SA, Obonyo MA

Front Pharmacol

19-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10834697
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2023.1328903
PMID:	38313073

Ophiorrhiza mungos-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles as Effective and Reusable Adsorbents for the Removal of Methylene Blue from Water

Akhi AA, Hasan A, Saha N, Howlader S, Bhattacharjee S, Dey K, Atique Ullah AK, Bhuiyan FR, Chakraborty AK, Akhtar US, Shaikh MA, Dey BK, Bhattacharjee S, Ganguli S

ACS Omega

15-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10831830
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.3c05992
PMID:	38313493

Nitrogen Deposition Amplifies the Legacy Effects of Plant Invasion

Cui M, Yu H, Fan X, Nawaz M, Lian J, Liu S, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Du D, Ren G

Plants (Basel)

25-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10780853
doi:	10.3390/plants13010072
PMID:	38202380

Pharmacological and Clinical Studies of Medicinal Plants That Inhibit Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV

Rohani, Febrina E, Wahyuni IS, Levita J

Drug Des Devel Ther

23-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10680473
doi:	10.2147/DDDT.S426870
PMID:	38024536

Pest categorisation of Diaprepes abbreviatus

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Grégoire J, Malumphy C, Kertesz V, Maiorano A, MacLeod A

EFSA J

15-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10648563
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8318
PMID:	38027434

Seasonal dynamics of Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) sensu stricto in a degraded area of the Amazon biome, with notes on Rickettsia amblyommatis infection

de Araújo FE, Martins TF, Ramos CC, Nogueira RM, Faccini JL, Tavares MA, de Lima NJ, de Almeida Júnior EB, de Sousa-Paula LC, Dantas-Torres F, da Silva Krawczak F, Costa-Junior LM, Labruna MB, Dall′Agnol LT, Luz HR

Parasit Vectors

27-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10612284
doi:	10.1186/s13071-023-05978-9
PMID:	37891604

Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used by Bulang people in Yunnan, China

Zhou H, Zhang J, Kirbis BS, Mula Z, Zhang W, Kuang Y, Huang Q, Yin L

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

07-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10486041
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00609-0
PMID:	37679773

Effectiveness of herbal plants on rumen fermentation, methane gas emissions, in vitro nutrient digestibility, and population of protozoa

Antonius A, Pazla R, Putri EM, Negara W, Laia N, Ridla M, Suharti S, Jayanegara A, Asmairicen S, Marlina L, Marta Y

Vet World

19-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10446706
doi:	10.14202/vetworld.2023.1477-1488
PMID:	37621549

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Malvalic acid	10416	Click to see	280.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740290412
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cycloartanols and derivatives
(Z)-6-[(3R,6S,15R,16R)-6-hydroxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]-2-methylhept-2-enoic acid	5319260	Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C(=O)O)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
(6-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-dienoyl) 5-[3-[3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxybenzoate	162875944	Click to see	614.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2010.510468
[(2E,6S)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-dienoyl] 5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxybenzoate	163190248	Click to see	614.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2010.510468
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones
Mangiferin	5281647	Click to see C1=C2C(=CC(=C1O)O)OC3=C(C2=O)C(=C(C(=C3)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	422.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Norathyriol	5281656	Click to see	260.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
Kaempferol 4'-O-glucoside	5491693	Click to see	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Luteolin-4'-o-glucoside	5319116	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-7-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	101429564	Click to see	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Astragalin	5282102	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isoquercetin	5280804	Click to see	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaempferol-3-O-Rutinoside	5318767	Click to see	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	51136540	Click to see	726.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	25203835	Click to see	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
7-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	102084237	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside	21606527	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaempferol 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	101949540	Click to see	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaempferol-7-rhamnoside	25079965	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
(2R,3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-2-[3-methoxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid	162915878	Click to see	508.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2010.510468
3-(Hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-2-[3-methoxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid	162915877	Click to see	508.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2010.510468

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Urena lobata

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