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Chaenomeles speciosa

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64403f52bdd24853284526
Scientific name Chaenomeles speciosa
Authority (Sweet) Nakai
First published in Jap. J. Bot. 4: 331 (1929)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

In mainland China, the dried fruit of Chaenomeles speciosa, known locally as “Mugua,” is recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020) as a decoction used to disperse wind‑dampness and relieve musculoskeletal pain. The same fruit appears in the Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2019) as an infused tea taken for joint soreness and stiffness, while the Japanese Kampo Pharmacopoeia (2014) lists a macerated tincture of the fruit for muscle and back pain. All three compendia describe the preparation of the fruit—usually dried, sometimes fresh—into water‑based drinks or alcohol‑based extracts; folk reports from all three regions also note a topical poultice in which crushed fruit mixed with a little vinegar or honey is applied to bruises or sprains (Chen et al., 2018). These uses are restricted to the fruit, the part most commonly harvested for medicinal purposes.

The traditional preparation methods follow a simple pattern. A decoction is made by simmering 15–20 g of dried fruit in 500 ml of water for 30 minutes, then straining and drinking the warm liquid. For a milder beverage, the same amount of fruit is poured over 200 ml of just‑boiled water, covered, and steeped for 12–15 minutes—essentially a tea. The tincture is prepared by macerating 20 g of dried fruit in 100 ml of 50 % ethanol for two weeks, shaking daily, and filtering. In all cases the fruit is the primary plant material, and the solvent (water or ethanol) is the vehicle that extracts the desired constituents.

A concise tea recipe that reflects common household practice is as follows: place 8 g of dried Chaenomeles speciosa fruit into a cup, pour 200 ml of freshly boiled water over it, cover, and let steep for 12 minutes before straining. The resulting infusion is taken warm, up to three times daily, and should not exceed this amount. Because the fruit contains acids that can stimulate uterine activity, the decoction and tea are contraindicated during pregnancy and should be avoided by individuals with active gastric ulcer disease or severe acid‑related disorders.

Phytochemical analyses of the fruit consistently reveal triterpenoid acids such as ursolic and oleanolic acids, flavonoids like quercetin and rutin, phenolic acids including chlorogenic acid, and high levels of malic and citric acids (Zhang et al., 2012). These compounds are well documented for the species and provide a plausible biochemical basis for the anti‑inflammatory and analgesic actions reported in the ethnobotanical literature. Today the dried fruit is still sold in herbal shops across East Asia, appears in several Kampo formulas, and continues to be the subject of modern research exploring its anti‑arthritic and anti‑oxidant properties, indicating that the traditional preparations remain relevant both culturally and pharmacologically.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Fruits are processed into jams, jellies, marmalades, fruit curds, preserves, and syrups for culinary use. They are also made into wines and vinegars and occasionally used in chutneys and condiments. The high acidity and firm flesh support heat-stable jellies and are well suited to sugar-rich preservation methods.

Industrial and craft applications:
Fruit waste streams are explored as pectin sources for the food industry. Pectin extraction typically uses acidified hot water or mild alkaline pretreatment; the fruit’s native acidity can aid extraction and gel formation in traditional preserves.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Products include shelf-stable jams and conserves, translucent marmalades, jellied fruit pastes, and syrups; fermented beverages (wine/cider) and fruit vinegars are also made. The high natural acidity requires substantial sugar for palatable preserves.

Colorants and tanning:
Fruits contain citric and malic acids and may contribute to tartness in beverages; they are not used as tanning agents or traditional dyes.

Wood and fiber:
Wood is hard and fine-grained but available only in small dimensions; it is occasionally turned for small craft objects. No fibers are documented for industrial or craft use.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
Flowers are lightly fragrant and used in perfumery as a floral component, though not a major commercial source.

Properties relevant to use:
Fruits are high in organic acids (citric and malic acids) and rich in pectin, supporting firm set in jellies and structural retention in preserves. Seeds contain oil with a high proportion of linoleic acid (typical of Rosaceae kernels), but they are not a commercial oil source.

Scientific/model-organism use:
The species is used in ornamental horticulture and breeding research as a parent in interspecific crosses and for phenological studies. Genetic resources for Chaenomeles are curated in horticultural databases (e.g., GRIN).

Standards and regulation:
No species-specific industrial standards are documented. General food-processing regulations apply to jams, preserves, and fermented beverages. Pectin extraction follows established food-grade procedures and compositional limits.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Widely cultivated as an ornamental; harvested fruit from cultivated plants supports local food use. No conservation concerns are reported in cultivated contexts.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Chaenomeles cardinalis (CarriŠre) Nakai The botanical magazine [Shokubutsu-gaku zasshi] The botanical magazine [Shokubutsu-gaku zasshi]; 1887 (145) 1918
Chaenomeles japonica var. genuina Maxim. ; 1873 168 1873
Chaenomeles eburnea (CarriŠre) Nakai The botanical magazine [Shokubutsu-gaku zasshi] The botanical magazine [Shokubutsu-gaku zasshi]; 1887 (145) 1918
Cydonia japonica auct.
Chaenomeles citripomma Carrière Rev. Hort. (Paris) 48: 330 (1876)
Pyrus speciosa (Sweet) M.F.Fay & Christenh. Global Fl. 4: 122 (2018)
Cydonia citripomma (Carrière) Mottet Dict. Prat. Hort. 2: 109 (1893-1894)
Chaenomeles alba Carrière Rev. Hort. (Paris) 48: 410 (1876)
Chaenomeles alba unranked grandiflora Carrière Rev. Hort. (Paris) 48: 410 (1876)
Chaenomeles cardinalis var. tortuosa Nakai Jap. J. Bot. 4: 334 (1929)
Chaenomeles eugenioides var. tortuosa Nakai Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 72 (1923)
Chaenomeles japonica var. extuscoccinea Carrière Rev. Hort. (Paris) 44: 331 (1872)
Cydonia japonica var. gaujardii Lem. Ill. Hort. 7: t. 260 (1860)
Cydonia japonica var. papeleusii Lem. Ill. Hort. 7: t. 260 (1860)
Pyrus japonica var. alba G.Lodd. Bot. Cab. 6: t. 541 (1821)
Chaenomeles angustifolia var. eburnea (Carrière) Nakai Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 69 (1923)
Chaenomeles eugenioides var. alba (G.Lodd.) Nakai Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 72 (1923)
Chaenomeles speciosa f. alba (G.Lodd.) H.Hara J. Jap. Bot. 32: 139 (1957)
Chaenomeles speciosa f. eburnea (Carrière) H.Hara J. Jap. Bot. 32: 139 (1957)
Chaenomeles speciosa f. extuscoccinea (Carrière) H.Hara J. Jap. Bot. 32: 139 (1957)
Chaenomeles speciosa f. gaujardii (Lem.) H.Hara J. Jap. Bot. 32: 139 (1957)
Chaenomeles speciosa f. papeleusii (Lem.) H.Hara J. Jap. Bot. 32: 139 (1957)
Chaenomeles speciosa f. tortuosa (Nakai) H.Hara J. Jap. Bot. 32: 139 (1957)
Cydonia japonica var. genuina (Maxim.) T.Itô Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 14: 117 (1900)
Chaenomeles cardinalis (Carrière) Nakai Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: (145) (1918)
Chaenomeles eburnea (Carrière) Nakai Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: (145) (1918)
Chaenomeles japonica var. cardinalis Carrière Rev. Hort. (Paris) 44: 331 (1872)
Chaenomeles japonica var. eburnea Carrière Rev. Hort. (Paris) 44: 331 (1872)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English flowering quince
Spanish pyrus japonica
Spanish membrillo de flor
Spanish cydonia speciosa
Spanish cydonia japonica var. lagenaria
Spanish cydonia japonica var lagenaria
Spanish cydonia lagenaria
Afrikaans blomkweper
Belarusian Хенамелес лагенарыя
Czech kdoulovec ozdobný
Welsh coeden gwins tsieina
dag atuʒԑɣu
Estonian sile ebaküdoonia
Finnish kiinanruusukvitteni
Upper Sorbian chinska kwětula
Hungarian pompás japánbirs
Japanese カラボケ
Japanese ボケ（木瓜）
Japanese クサボケ
Japanese ボケ
Korean 명자나무
Korean 산당화
Korean 명자꽃
Russian Японская айва
Russian Айва прекрасная
Russian Айвочка прекрасная
Russian Хеномелес прекрасная
Russian Хеномелес прекрасный
Slovak dulovec nádherný
Swedish stor rosenkvitten
Thai โบเกะ (พืช)
Chinese 贴梗海棠
Chinese 木瓜枝
Chinese 木瓜核
Chinese 一种维管植物
Chinese 木瓜根
Chinese 木瓜皮
Chinese 木瓜花
Chinese 楙
Chinese 皱皮木瓜
Chinese 木瓜
Chinese 皱皮木瓜（贴梗海棠）
Chinese 貼梗海棠
Chinese 贴梗木瓜
Chinese 铁脚梨
Chinese 宣木瓜
Chinese 皺皮木瓜

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Start at 4°C for 3 months, then warm to 20°C for another 3 months.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China North-central
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
      • Tibet
      • Xinjiang
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Korea
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States
      • Belarus
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Germany
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Great Britain
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Italy
      • Romania
    • Southwestern Europe
      • France
      • Portugal
  • Northern America
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Southeast
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Missouri
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Massachusetts
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • West Virginia
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • District Of Columbia
      • Kentucky
      • Louisiana
      • Maryland
      • North Carolina
      • Tennessee

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000996959
Flora of Alabama 3118
Cornell Woody Plants 54
USDA Plants CHSP12
UConn 104
Tropicos 27803671
INPN 90310
Flora of Italy 10287
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:722128-1
The Plant List rjp-267
Plantarium 45007
Missouri Botanical Garden 286547
Open Tree Of Life 371156
Observations.org 145314
NCBI Taxonomy 106546
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000033371
Nature Serve 2.802384
IPNI 722128-1
iNaturalist 160369
GBIF 3000679
Freebase /m/026ryq0
WisFlora 8131
EPPO CNMSP
EOL 229994
Elurikkus 350488
USDA GRIN 10014
Wikipedia Chaenomeles_speciosa
CMAUP NPO3813

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Comprehensive evaluation and application of woody plants in the green spaces of parks in saline–Alkaline areas from a low-carbon perspective: A case study of Tianjin Qiaoyuan Park Bai J, Wang H PLoS One 10-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11086879
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0303341
PMID:38728347
Pest categorisation of Crisicoccus seruratus Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Grégoire J, Malumphy C, Antonatos S, Kertesz V, Papachristos D, Sfyra O, MacLeod A EFSA J 22-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11033835
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8740
PMID:38650611
Inhibition of Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis in Prostatic Carcinoma DU145 Cells by Polysaccharides from Yunnan Rosa roxburghii Tratt Yang Z, Chen G Molecules 01-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11013296
doi:10.3390/molecules29071575
PMID:38611854
Fungi and tumors: The role of fungi in tumorigenesis (Review) Cheng W, Li F, Gao Y, Yang R Int J Oncol 27-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10997370
doi:10.3892/ijo.2024.5640
PMID:38551162
Phylogeny of genera in Maleae (Rosaceae) based on chloroplast genome analysis Sun J, Zhao D, Qiao P, Wang Y, Wu P, Wang K, Guo L, Huang L, Zhou S Front Plant Sci 26-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11002139
doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1367645
PMID:38595768
Flower opening dynamics, pollen-ovule ratio, stigma receptivity and stigmatic pollen germination (in-vivo) in Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai Wan X, Sun D, Gao C Sci Rep 26-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10965984
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57655-1
PMID:38531911
Bio-mordants: a review Benli H Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 23-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10948525
doi:10.1007/s11356-024-32174-8
PMID:38396176
Anti-Hyperuricemic Effects of Extracts from Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai Fruits on Hyperuricemic Rats Xu R, Deng P, Ma Y, Li K, Ren F, Li N Metabolites 10-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10890149
doi:10.3390/metabo14020117
PMID:38393010
Quinces (Cydonia oblonga, Chaenomeles sp., and Pseudocydonia sinensis) as Medicinal Fruits of the Rosaceae Family: Current State of Knowledge on Properties and Use Kostecka-Gugała A Antioxidants (Basel) 03-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10812678
doi:10.3390/antiox13010071
PMID:38247495
Temporal variation of allergenic potential in urban parks during the vegetation period: a case study from Bratislava, Slovakia Zahradníková E, Rendeková A, Ščevková J Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 05-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10791852
doi:10.1007/s11356-023-31137-9
PMID:38052730
The CsMYB123 and CsbHLH111 are involved in drought stress-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Chaenomeles speciosa Ren Y, Zhang S, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Li H Mol Hortic 22-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10664276
doi:10.1186/s43897-023-00071-2
PMID:37990285
Foraging Wild Edibles: Dietary Diversity in Expanded Food Systems Bellows AC, Raj S, Pitstick E, Potteiger MR, Diemont SA Nutrients 31-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10647252
doi:10.3390/nu15214630
PMID:37960283
Multichromosomal mitochondrial genome of Punica granatum: comparative evolutionary analysis and gene transformation from chloroplast genomes Feng L, Wang Z, Wang C, Yang X, An M, Yin Y BMC Plant Biol 25-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10598957
doi:10.1186/s12870-023-04538-8
PMID:37880586
Ursolic acid: biological functions and application in animal husbandry Liu G, Qin P, Cheng X, Wu L, Wang R, Gao W Front Vet Sci 25-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10642196
doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1251248
PMID:37964910
The most polyphagous insect herbivore? Host plant associations of the Meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.) Thompson V, Harkin C, Stewart AJ PLoS One 04-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10602594
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0291734
PMID:37792900

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 135 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O 138.12 unknown via CMAUP database
Protocatechuic Acid 72 Click to see 154.12 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259204/
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / P-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
4-Methoxybenzoic Acid 7478 Click to see 152.15 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698331
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Salicylic acid and derivatives / Salicylic acids
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-6-tetradecyl- 5318118 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=CC=C1)O)C(=O)O 334.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Biphenyls and derivatives
2'-Methoxyaucuparin 44720381 Click to see 260.28 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Hydroquinones
Hydroquinone 785 Click to see 110.11 unknown via CMAUP database
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Heptadecane 12398 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 240.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698331
Pentadecane 12391 Click to see 212.41 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698331
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters
Ethyl butyrate 7762 Click to see CCCC(=O)OCC 116.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698331
Ethyl octanoate 7799 Click to see 172.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698331
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Fatty acid methyl esters
Methyl hexanoate 7824 Click to see CCCCCC(=O)OC 130.18 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698331
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
(9S,13S,16S)-d10-12-PhytoF(12S,15S) 102339348 Click to see 344.40 unknown via CMAUP database
9R,12R,13R-trihydroxy-10E-octadecenoic acid 9923590 Click to see 330.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Pinellic acid 9858729 Click to see 330.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
(10e,15z)-9,12,13-Trihydroxyoctadeca-10,15-dienoic acid 44559173 Click to see CCC=CCC(C(C=CC(CCCCCCCC(=O)O)O)O)O 328.40 unknown via CMAUP database
(9S,10E,12S,13S,14E,16S)-9,12,13,16-tetrahydroxyoctadeca-10,14-dienoic acid 102339344 Click to see 344.40 unknown via CMAUP database
(9S,10E,12S,13S,15S,16E)-9,12,13,15-tetrahydroxyoctadeca-10,16-dienoic acid 102339347 Click to see 344.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Chaenomic acid B 102339345 Click to see 344.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Chaenomic acid C 102339346 Click to see 342.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids
Calliterpenone 12016376 Click to see 320.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Geraniol 637566 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698331
Linalool 6549 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698331
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
Alpha-Terpineol 17100 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698331
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids
Eudesm-4(15)-ene-3alpha,11-diol 11118126 Click to see 238.37 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Ursolic Acid 64945 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259204/
(10R)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid 45358157 Click to see 456.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(1S,2R,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid 45483617 Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O 456.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,10S,12aS,13R,14bR)-10-acetyloxy-13-hydroperoxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid 163015701 Click to see 530.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259204/
(4,5,9,9,13,19,20-Heptamethyl-23-oxo-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl) acetate 73800256 Click to see 496.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259204/
(4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 45483610 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C 456.70 unknown via CMAUP database
10-acetyloxy-13-hydroperoxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid 74322204 Click to see 530.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259204/
2,3-Dihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid 3694932 Click to see 472.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259204/
3-Acetoxy-11-ursen-28,13-olide 21606662 Click to see 496.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259204/
3-Hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 619166 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259204/
Jacarandic acid 13653335 Click to see 488.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259204/
Maslinic Acid 73659 Click to see 472.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259204/
Npc3247 619164 Click to see 498.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259204/
Oleanolic Acid 10494 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0800301210
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259204/
Pomolic Acid 382831 Click to see 472.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0800301210
Tormentic acid 73193 Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C)C2C1(C)O)C)C(=O)O 488.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259204/
Urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-, (3beta)- 220774 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259204/
Ursolic acid acetate 6475119 Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC(=O)C)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O 498.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0800301210
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259204/
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Sitogluside 5742590 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives
Malic acid 4-Me ester 10654361 Click to see 148.11 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259204/
> Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Medium-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives
9-Hydroxynonanoic acid 138052 Click to see C(CCCCO)CCCC(=O)O 174.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Organic cyanides / Nitriles
Hydrogen Cyanide 768 Click to see 27.03 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
(1R,3S,4S,5S)-3-((E)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)Acryloyloxy)-1,4,5-Trihydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic Acid 12310830 Click to see 354.31 unknown via CMAUP database
Chlorogenic Acid 1794427 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 354.31 unknown via CMAUP database
cis-Chlorogenic acid 1794425 Click to see 354.31 unknown via CMAUP database
Neochlorogenic acid 5280633 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 354.31 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Medium-chain aldehydes
Hexanal 6184 Click to see 100.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698331
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans
Edulan I 521066 Click to see 192.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698331
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dihydrofurans / Furanones / Butenolides
D-ascorbic acid 54690394 Click to see C(C(C1C(=C(C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O 176.12 unknown via CMAUP database
L-Ascorbic Acid 54670067 Click to see 176.12 unknown via CMAUP database
Npc119107 54676536 Click to see 176.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Piperidines
Pelletierine, (+)- 10313185 Click to see 141.21 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Pyridinecarboxylic acids
Methyl Nicotinate 7151 Click to see 137.14 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698331
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acids
Cinnamic Acid 444539 Click to see 148.16 unknown via CMAUP database
cis-Cinnamic acid 5372954 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)O 148.16 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Caffeic Acid 689043 Click to see 180.16 unknown via CMAUP database
cis-Caffeic acid 1549111 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)O)O)O 180.16 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 6,7-dihydroxycoumarins
Esculetin 5281416 Click to see 178.14 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
(2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2S,3R,4R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol 12967793 Click to see 578.50 unknown via CMAUP database
(2S,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2R,3S,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol 24823045 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O 578.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Proanthocyanidin B2 5320711 Click to see 578.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Procyanidin B1 11250133 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O 578.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Procyanidin B2 122738 Click to see 578.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Procyanidin B3 146798 Click to see 578.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
(-)-Catechol 73160 Click to see 290.27 unknown via CMAUP database
(+)-Epicatechin 182232 Click to see 290.27 unknown via CMAUP database
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol 1203 Click to see 290.27 unknown via CMAUP database
Catechin 9064 Click to see 290.27 unknown via CMAUP database
Epicatechin 72276 Click to see 290.27 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see 302.23 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259204/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-3-O-glycosides
Callistephin 44256621 Click to see 433.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Chrysanthemin 44256715 Click to see 449.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Keracyanin cation 441674 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=CC4=C(C=C(C=C4[O+]=C3C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 595.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Rutin 5280805 Click to see 610.50 unknown via CMAUP database

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