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Kandelia candel

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64404d6966592297867729
Scientific name Kandelia candel
Authority Druce
First published in Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles 3: 420 (1913 publ. 1914)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

In South China and Taiwan, the bark of Kandelia candel has traditionally been prepared as a simple decoction to ease stomach upset and diarrhea (according to Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica). In southern Bangladesh, coastal healers use a decoction of the bark to treat dysentery and related intestinal complaints (according to Neogi et al., 1989). More broadly across Southeast Asia, fresh bark has been applied as a poultice to slow‑bleeding wounds and inflamed gums, while in some communities a weak bark tea has been taken for abdominal pain (according to Bandyopadhyay et al., 2015). These preparations consistently involve the bark, with infusions or decoctions for internal use and maceration or direct topical application for external care.

A conservative preparation commonly described is a bark decoction for mild stomach upset. Place roughly 10 g of dried Kandelia bark in a saucepan, add 500 mL of water, bring to a gentle boil, then simmer for 15 minutes. Remove from heat, cover, and let the liquid steep for an additional 15 minutes before straining. Drink up to 250 mL per day in divided doses for no more than one week. Kandelia’s bark is known to be rich in hydrolysable tannins and contains flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol; these compounds plausibly account for the astringent and antimicrobial actions traditionally valued in gut and wound care (according to Bandyopadhyay et al., 2015). Due to the tannin load and lack of clinical data, excess or prolonged use may irritate the stomach; avoid during pregnancy and lactation, and discontinue if symptoms worsen.

In parts of the Indo‑Malay region, crushed fresh bark has been made into a simple poultice for minor wounds, with the same astringent constituents thought to help stop bleeding and curb infection (according to Anon., 1977; Pannell, 1992). This topical practice mirrors the systemic rationale for the decoction, but should be reserved for minor cuts and not used on deep or contaminated injuries. Today, extracts of Kandelia candel continue to interest researchers for their antioxidant and anti‑microbial properties, though commercial use remains limited to a few specialty extracts and research materials.

General Uses Top

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Kandelia candel is used in scientific and ecological research and in mangrove restoration; no reliable sources report it as a commercial timber, fiber, gum/resin, colorant, oil, starch, fragrance, or beverage source.

Common products:
Scientific/model organism and database resource: K. candel is a model species in mangrove ecology literature (e.g.,控制和耐盐性、盐腺形态、促生/抗逆机理、碳汇、盐沼生态网络). It is cataloged in national and global mangrove inventories, including the Global Mangrove Database (GMBD), enabling habitat and biodiversity assessments.

Industrial and craft applications:
No documented uses.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No documented uses.

Colorants and tanning:
No documented uses.

Wood and fiber:
No documented uses.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No documented uses.

Properties relevant to use:
K. candel is included in mangrove restoration because its propagules exhibit strong salinity tolerance, buoyancy facilitating dispersal, and vigorous aerial rooting typical of Rhizophoraceae; these traits support establishment and sediment stabilization in tidal settings.

Standards and regulation:
Not applicable to documented uses.

Sustainability and sourcing:
K. candel occurs naturally in estuarine mangrove zones of East and Southeast Asia; removal of propagules or seeds for restoration should adhere to local biodiversity and coastal protection regulations and avoid harvesting from protected or vulnerable stands.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Kandelia rheedei Wight & Arn. Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. : 311 (1834)
Bruguiera candel Steud. Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 231 (1840)
Rhizophora candel L. Sp. Pl. : 443 (1753)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Bengali গুড়িয়া
Malayalam എഴുത്താണിക്കണ്ടൽ
Burmese ဗြူးဘိုင်းဒေါင့်
nan chúi-pit-á
Chinese 浪柴
Chinese 秋茄树
Chinese 茄行树
Chinese 水笔仔
Chinese 红浪
Chinese 秋茄樹

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Bangladesh
      • India
    • Indo-China
      • Andaman Islands
      • Cambodia
      • Myanmar
      • Thailand
    • Malesia
      • Borneo
      • Malaya
      • Sumatera

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001131563
Tropicos 27600084
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:719761-1
The Plant List tro-27600084
Open Tree Of Life 973786
NCBI Taxonomy 61147
IUCN Red List 178857
IPNI 719761-1
iNaturalist 186322
GBIF 3874179
Freebase /m/0dlmlk1
EOL 3062590
USDA GRIN 21124
Wikipedia Kandelia_candel
CMAUP NPO14254

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCA_037832225.1 SYSU_Kacand Contig Sun Yat-sen University 2024-03-29 1066 201.93 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Genetic basis of local adaptation in the cold-tolerant mangrove Kandelia obovata Zou C, Wang Y, Zhou R, Tang T Front Plant Sci 24-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11076828
doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1385210
PMID:38721336
Editorial: Structural variation of the chloroplast genome and related bioinformatics tools Shi L, Zhang G, Mohanta TK, Kong W, Duan B Front Plant Sci 08-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11033622
doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1341528
PMID:38650706
Copper removal efficacy and stress tolerance potential of Leptolyngbya sp. GUEco1015 Kalita N, Baruah PP Heliyon 06-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11033120
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29131
PMID:38644834
Exploring the antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi: a review on methods for extraction and quantification of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) Asomadu RO, Ezeorba TP, Ezike TC, Uzoechina JO 3 Biotech 05-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC10997672
doi:10.1007/s13205-024-03970-3
PMID:38585410
Pestalotiopsis jiangsuensis sp. nov. Causing Needle Blight on Pinus massoniana in China Li H, Peng BY, Xie JY, Bai YQ, Li DW, Zhu LH J Fungi (Basel) 21-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10970983
doi:10.3390/jof10030230
PMID:38535238
Adaptation in Unstable Environments and Global Gene Losses: Small but Stable Gene Networks by the May–Wigner Theory Xu S, Shao S, Feng X, Li S, Zhang L, Wu W, Liu M, Tracy ME, Zhong C, Guo Z, Wu CI, Shi S, He Z Mol Biol Evol 20-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10991078
doi:10.1093/molbev/msae059
PMID:38507653
Protective effects of hepatic diseases by bioactive phytochemicals in Fusarium oxysporum – A review Shalapy NM, Liu M, Kang W Heliyon 20-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10918022
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26562
PMID:38455549
Discrepancy of Growth Toxicity of Polystyrene Nanoplastics on Soybean (Glycine max) and Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) Su D, Li W, Zhang Z, Cai H, Zhang L, Sun Y, Liu X, Tian Z Toxics 17-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10892715
doi:10.3390/toxics12020155
PMID:38393250
Use of Aureobasidium in a sustainable economy Rensink S, van Nieuwenhuijzen EJ, Sailer MF, Struck C, Wösten HA Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 13-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10864419
doi:10.1007/s00253-024-13025-5
PMID:38349550
Unlocking the potential of bacterial endophytes from medicinal plants for drug discovery Zotchev SB Microb Biotechnol 12-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10884874
doi:10.1111/1751-7915.14382
PMID:38345183
Fungal Endophytes as Mitigators against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Crop Plants Gowtham HG, Hema P, Murali M, Shilpa N, Nataraj K, Basavaraj GL, Singh SB, Aiyaz M, Udayashankar AC, Amruthesh KN J Fungi (Basel) 30-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10890593
doi:10.3390/jof10020116
PMID:38392787
Chitosan and Chitosan Nanoparticles Differentially Alleviate Salinity Stress in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plants Alenazi MM, El-Ebidy AM, El-shehaby OA, Seleiman MF, Aldhuwaib KJ, Abdel-Aziz HM Plants (Basel) 29-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10857083
doi:10.3390/plants13030398
PMID:38337931
The Genus Cladosporium: A Prospective Producer of Natural Products Li Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Shi T, Wang B Int J Mol Sci 29-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10855219
doi:10.3390/ijms25031652
PMID:38338931
Cytotoxic Compounds from Marine Fungi: Sources, Structures, and Bioactivity Gao Y, Wang J, Meesakul P, Zhou J, Liu J, Liu S, Wang C, Cao S Mar Drugs 28-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10890532
doi:10.3390/md22020070
PMID:38393041
An Optimized and Cost-Effective RNA Extraction Method for Secondary Metabolite-Enriched Tissues of Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Singh VV, Naseer A, Sellamuthu G, Jakuš R Plants (Basel) 28-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10857598
doi:10.3390/plants13030389
PMID:38337922

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
Protocatechuic Acid 72 Click to see 154.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
(1R,2S)-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propane-1,2,3-triol 14237631 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C(C(CO)O)O 244.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-, (1R,2R)-rel- 14237630 Click to see 244.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides
(+)-syringaresinol beta-D-glucoside 443024 Click to see 580.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters
Mehirugin B 66553496 Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CC(=C2C(C3C1C(C(=O)O3)C)C(=CC2=O)C)C 344.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP300179C
Mehirugin C 66553497 Click to see 344.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP300179C
Notoserolide B 11873584 Click to see 346.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP300179C
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
9-epi-Blumenol C |A-D-glucopyranoside 38346961 Click to see CC1=CC(=O)CC(C1CCC(C)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)(C)C 372.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
Corchoionoside C 10317980 Click to see 386.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids
methyl 2-[(2R,4aS)-4a,8-dimethyl-7-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]prop-2-enoate 14864224 Click to see 260.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP300179C
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(1R)-4-[(3S)-3-hydroxybutyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 10904843 Click to see 374.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(1R,2S,5S,7R,8S,9R)-7-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,8-dimethyl-9-tricyclo[4.4.0.02,8]decanyl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 118727704 Click to see 416.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides
Aucubin 91458 Click to see C1=COC(C2C1C(C=C2CO)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O 346.33 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives
(3S,6S)-3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-6-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]piperazine-2,5-dione 101853289 Click to see CCC(C)C1C(=O)NC(C(=O)N1)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O 276.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605891
(3S,6S)-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6-(2-methylpropyl)piperazine-2,5-dione 15550385 Click to see 276.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605891
(S)-3-Benzylpiperazine-2,5-dione 7076549 Click to see C1C(=O)NC(C(=O)N1)CC2=CC=CC=C2 204.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605891
2,5-Piperazinedione, 3,6-bis(2-methylpropyl)- 137006 Click to see 226.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605891
3-Benzyl-3,6-dihydropyrazine-2,5-diol 138409 Click to see 204.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605891
cyclo(L-isoleucyl-L-isoleucyl) 7076240 Click to see 226.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605891
Cyclo(L-leucyl-L-leucyl) 192731 Click to see 226.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605891
Cyclo(Tyr-Leu) 572422 Click to see 276.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605891
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tetracarboxylic acids and derivatives
Kansuinin B 44575957 Click to see CC1C2C(O2)C(C(=O)C(C(C(=C)C(C3C(C(C(C3(C1=O)OC(=O)C)O)(C)O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)(C)C 722.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Peptidomimetics / Depsipeptides / Cyclic depsipeptides
CID 24178775 24178775 Click to see 587.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605891
Cyclo-(D-Leu-Gly-L-Tyr-L-Val-Gly-S-O-Leu) 24178774 Click to see 603.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605891
cyclo[Gly-DL-Leu-DL-OLeu-Gly-DL-Val-DL-Phe] 74218055 Click to see CC(C)CC1C(=O)OC(C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(C)C)CC(C)C 587.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605891
cyclo[Gly-DL-Leu-DL-OLeu-Gly-DL-Val-DL-Tyr] 74218054 Click to see 603.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0605891
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
3-{[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}-1,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid 348159 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 354.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
Chlorogenic Acid 1794427 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 354.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Catalpol 91520 Click to see 362.33 unknown via CMAUP database
Verproside 12000799 Click to see 498.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar alcohols
Mannitol 6251 Click to see 182.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones
Matricarin 3083923 Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)C)C)OC(=O)C 304.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP300179C
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Caffeic Acid 689043 Click to see 180.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
(2R,3R,4S,10R)-2,10-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2R,3R,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-3,4,9,10-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-8-one 162958890 Click to see 1028.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
(2R,3R,4S,10R)-2,10-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-6-[(2R,3R,4R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-3,4,9,10-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-8-one 163008052 Click to see 1028.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
(2R,3R,4S,10S)-2,10-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2R,3R,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-3,4,9,10-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-8-one 154497840 Click to see 1028.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
(2R,3R,4S,10S)-2,10-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2R,3R,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-3,4,9,10-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-8-one 163016578 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=C(C(=C2)O)C3C(C(OC4=C(C=CC(=C34)O)C5C(C(OC6=C5C(=CC7=C6C(CC(=O)O7)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)O)O)C9=CC(=C(C=C9)O)O)O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O)O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O 1012.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
(2R,3R,4S,10S)-2,10-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-3,4,9,10-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-8-one 10032926 Click to see 740.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
(2R,3R,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-6-[(2R,3R,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol 162946703 Click to see 866.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
(2R,3R,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl]-6-[(2R,3R,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol 12003800 Click to see 866.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
(2R,3R,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-6-[(2R,3R,4R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol 162965670 Click to see 866.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
(2R,3R,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-6-[(2R,3R,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol 162946702 Click to see 866.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
(2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2R,3S,4S)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol 162948734 Click to see 562.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
(2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2R,3S,4S)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol 101683293 Click to see 562.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol 162946701 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=C(C=C2C3C(C(OC4=C3C(=C(C(=C4)O)C5C(C(OC6=CC(=CC(=C56)O)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)O)O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)O)O)O)O)C9=CC(=C(C=C9)O)O)O 866.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol 15593127 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=C(C(=C2)O)C3C(C(OC4=C3C(=C(C(=C4)O)C5C(C(OC6=CC(=CC(=C56)O)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)O)O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)O)O)O)C9=CC(=C(C=C9)O)O)O 866.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol 5089688 Click to see 562.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
2,10-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-3,4,9,10-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-8-one 163016577 Click to see 1012.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
2,10-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-3,4,9,10-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-8-one 16181825 Click to see 1028.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
2,10-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-3,4,9,10-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-8-one 16181821 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=C5C(CC(=O)OC5=C(C(=C34)O)C6C(C(OC7=CC(=CC(=C67)O)O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)O)O)C9=CC(=C(C=C9)O)O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O)O)O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O 1028.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
Afzelechin-(4alpha-->8)-epiafzelechin 5089481 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O 546.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
Afzelechin-(4alpha->8)-afzelchin 442671 Click to see 546.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
CID 5089888 5089888 Click to see 740.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
cinchonain IIa 11765545 Click to see 740.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
Cinchonain IIb 21676385 Click to see 740.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
Cinnamtannin B1 475277 Click to see 864.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
Kandelin A-1 442686 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=C3C(=CC5=C4C(CC(=O)O5)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)O)O)O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)O)O 740.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
Pavetannin B6 13990885 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=C3C(=CC5=C4C6C(C(O5)(OC7=CC(=CC(=C67)O)O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)O)O)O)C9=CC(=C(C=C9)O)O)O)O)O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O 864.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
Proanthocyanidin B2 5320711 Click to see 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
Procyanidin B 130556 Click to see 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
Procyanidin B1 11250133 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
Procyanidin B2, (+)- 122738 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O 578.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
Procyanidin C1 169853 Click to see 866.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
Procyanidin trimer T2 13751990 Click to see 866.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol 1203 Click to see 290.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
2,10-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-3,4,9,10-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-8-one 496377 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC3=C2C(CC(=O)O3)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O 452.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
Catechin 9064 Click to see 290.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
Cinchonain Ia 442675 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC3=C2C(CC(=O)O3)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O 452.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
Cinchonain Ib 10456516 Click to see 452.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
Epicatechin 72276 Click to see 290.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins / Epigallocatechins
Flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol 1249 Click to see 306.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
Gallocatechin 65084 Click to see 306.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavan-3-ols
2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol 282014 Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O 274.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
Afzelechin 442154 Click to see 274.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[[(2R,3R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl]oxy]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 44584103 Click to see 420.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-((((2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-4H-chromen-4-one 5320020 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 624.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
Afzelin 5316673 Click to see 432.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
Isoquercetin 5280804 Click to see 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside 5318645 Click to see 478.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
Kaempferol-3-O-Rutinoside 5318767 Click to see 594.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
Narcissin 5481663 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O 624.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
Rutin 5280805 Click to see 610.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2015.02.048
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Neoflavonoids / Prenylated neoflavonoids
Cinchonain I A 44575965 Click to see 450.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
cinchonain I b 44575964 Click to see C1C(C(CC2=C1C3=C(C=C2O)OC(=O)CC3C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O 450.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3142
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
Picroside Ii 11944602 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)OC2C3C=COC(C3C4(C2O4)CO)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O 512.50 unknown via CMAUP database

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