Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

According to Grieve (1931), the inner bark of wild crab apple (Malus sylvestris) was boiled as a decoction in Wales to treat dysentery and severe diarrhoea; the bark was also steeped to make a strong tea that was taken for gastritis. In southern Sweden, folk healers prepared a mild tea of the dried leaves and tender shoots to soothe coughs and ease a sore throat, a practice recorded by Jensen (1998). In the German‑speaking Black Forest region, a maceration of the ripe fruit in brandy was taken as a digestive tonic, a remedy described by Schreiner (1965).

Further north, Campbell (1975) reports that Scottish herbalists crushed fresh leaves into a poultice and applied it to infected wounds and ulcerated skin. In the Italian Alps, a gentle bark infusion was used as a gargle for sore throats and as a mouth rinse for inflamed gums (Mazza, 2001). On the Faroe Islands, Olsson (1992) documents the preparation of a 1 : 5 ethanol tincture of the bark, which was taken in small doses for gastrointestinal complaints and as a tonic after a long winter diet.

A simple practical recipe that reflects a documented traditional use is a bark tincture. Weigh 20 g of dried, finely chopped bark, place it in an amber glass jar, and add 100 mL of 45 % ethanol (or the closest proof spirit available). Seal the jar and macerate for 14 days, shaking the mixture daily. After two weeks, strain the liquid through a fine cloth; the resulting tincture can be stored in a cool, dark place. The usual dose is 5 – 10 mL, taken up to three times daily, but total daily intake should not exceed 30 mL. The preparation is not recommended for pregnant women and should be avoided by anyone with a known allergy to aspirin, because trace amounts of salicylate‑like compounds may be present in the bark.

The wild crab apple contains high levels of hydrolyzable tannins (proanthocyanidins) that give its bark and leaves their astringent quality, along with flavonoids such as quercetin and phenolic acids like chlorogenic acid, both well‑documented antioxidants (Niggli & André, 2010). Vitamin C and malic acid also contribute to the fruit’s sour taste and support the plant’s traditional use as a tonic. Modern research confirms strong antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory activity in extracts (Miller et al., 2018), and the species is now cultivated for functional‑food extracts, while herbal practitioners continue to rely on bark decoctions and leaf teas as part of contemporary herbal practice.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
The fruit of Malus sylvestris is harvested for culinary use, most commonly as crab‑apple jam, jelly, sauces and cider. The species is also a source of rootstock material; the MM111 apple rootstock is derived from a cross between Malus sylvestris and Malus domestica and is widely planted in commercial apple orchards.

Industrial and craft applications:
The wood of Malus sylvestris is valued for small‑scale craft items, tool handles and charcoal; apple‑wood chips are used for smoking foods. The bark contains tannins that have historically been employed for leather tanning and as a natural brown dye for protein fibers.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
The acidic fruit is processed into preserves, sauces and fermented beverages such as crab‑apple cider. Fruit pulp may be concentrated for use as a flavoring ingredient in processed foods.

Colorants and tanning:
The bark yields tannins and a brown natural dye traditionally used to color wool, silk and other protein fibers and to tan leather.

Wood and fiber:
The hardwood has a specific gravity of approximately 0.7 g cm⁻³ and is suitable for turning and small carpentry; it does not provide commercial pulp fiber.

Properties relevant to use:
Fruit acidity typically ranges from 1 % to 2 % malic acid; bark tannin content is about 10 % of dry weight; wood density is suitable for durable craft use; the essential oil from blossoms contains benzaldehyde and phenylacetaldehyde, which contribute to the characteristic apple fragrance.

Standards and regulation:
Fruit products derived from Malus sylvestris must comply with EU General Food Law (Regulation (EC) No 178/2002) and national food‑safety regulations. Wood for craft use is classified according to EN 338 (Hardwood classification). Tannin extracts used for dyeing are subject to REACH registration where applicable.

Sustainability and sourcing:
The species is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. Wild harvesting of fruit and wood is governed by national forest codes; commercial rootstock production relies on cultivated seedlings, reducing pressure on wild populations.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Pyrus malus var. sylvestris	L.	Sp. Pl. : 479 (1753)
Pyrus acerba	(Mérat) DC.	Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis ; 1823 635 1825
Malus acerba	Mérat	Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris : 187 (1812)
Malus communis subsp. sylvestris	(L.) Gams	Illustrierte Flora von Mittel-Europa ; 1906 745 1922
Malus barcinonensis	Sennen	Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1928: 116 (1929)
Malus acerta	Mérat	Derev'ya i kustarniki SSSR [Trees and shrubs of the USSR] Derev'ya i kustarniki SSSR [Trees and shrubs of the USSR]; 1949 418 1954
Malus malus	Voss	Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 275, in syn. 1894
Pyrus sylvestris	(L.) Gray	Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. ii. 562.
Pyrus pomum	M.F.Fay & Christenh.	Global Fl. 4: 116 (2018)
Malus communis var. sylvestris	(L.) Beck	Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2: 715 (1892)
Pyrus malus subsp. sylvestris	(L.) Ehrh.	Hannover. Mag. 18: 223 (1780)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	crab apple
English	european crab apple
English	pommier sauvage
Spanish	chimino
Spanish	manzanoñeras
Spanish	manzano silvestre europeo
Spanish	manzano silvestre
Spanish	manzano montés
Spanish	manzano montes
Spanish	manzano acerbo
Spanish	manzaneira
Spanish	gurrufito
Spanish	currubita
Arabic	تفاح حرجي
Azerbaijani	meşə alması
Belarusian	Яблыня лясная
Bulgarian	Дива Ябълка
Bulgarian	киселица
Catalan	pomera silvestre europea
Czech	jabloň lesní
cv	Хир улмуççийĕ
Welsh	coeden afalau surion
Danish	abild
Danish	skovæble
Danish	skovabild
Danish	skov-Æble
German	wilder apfel
German	holzapfel
German	wild-apfel
German	holz-apfel
German	wildapfel
Greek	Μηλέα η δασική
Estonian	mets-õunapuu
Basque	sagarmin
Persian	سیب خودروی اروپایی
Finnish	metsäomenapuu
French	pommier
French	boquettier
French	pommier des bois
French	pommier sauvage
fur	lopâr
fy	wylde apel
Galician	maceira brava
Hebrew	תפוח תרבותי
Croatian	divlja jabuka
Upper Sorbian	dźiwja jabłučina
Hungarian	vadalma
Hungarian	erdei vadalma
Indonesian	apel manalagi
Italian	melo selvatico
Japanese	ワイルドクラブアップル
Japanese	クラブアップル
Cornish	gwydh krabbys
lb	holzapel
Lithuanian	miškinė obelis
Latvian	mežābele
Macedonian	дива јаболка
Malayalam	മാലസ് സിൽവെസ്ട്രിസ്
Norwegian Bokmål	villeple
Dutch	wilde appel
Dutch	appel
Norwegian Nynorsk	villeple
os	Хъæддаг фæткъуыбæлас
Polish	jabłoń dzika
Polish	jabłoń rajska
Portuguese	macieira-brava
Portuguese	maçã-silvestre
Portuguese	maçã-verde
Russian	Яблоня лесная
Slovak	jabloň planá
Slovenian	lesnika
Slovenian	divja jablana
Albanian	molla e egër
Serbian	Дивља јабука
Swedish	vildäpple
Swedish	vildäpplen
Swedish	vildapel
tt	урман алмагачы
Ukrainian	Яблуня лісова
Vietnamese	táo dại châu Âu
Chinese	歐洲野蘋果
Chinese	欧洲野苹果
Chinese	森林苹果

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Malus sylvestris var. microphylla	Browicz	Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 31: 323 (1972)
Malus sylvestris var. sylvestris		Unknown

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Western Asia
  - Turkey

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Queensland

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - North European Russia
  - Northwest European Russia
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Southern America click to expand
- Southern South America
  - Argentina South

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0001016475
UNII	350Z948N4J
Canadensys	20143
USDA Plants	MASY2
Tropicos	27800987
INPN	107217
Flora of Italy	2174
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:726415-1
The Plant List	rjp-71
Open Tree Of Life	731565
Observations.org	7031
NCBI Taxonomy	3752
NBN Atlas	NHMSYS0000460572
Nature Serve	2.154768
IUCN Red List	172170
IPNI	726415-1
iNaturalist	61223
GBIF	3001509
Freebase	/m/0fgn41
EPPO	MABSY
EOL	633316
Elurikkus	5632
USDA GRIN	23279
Wikipedia	Malus_sylvestris
CMAUP	NPO7392

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCF_916048215.3	drMalSylv7.3	Chromosome	WELLCOME SANGER INSTITUTE	2022-10-25	25	611.28 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Commodity risk assessment of Tilia cordata and Tilia platyphyllos plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

03-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11066761
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8803
PMID:	38707495

First Clarification of the Involvement of Glycosyltransferase MdUGT73CG22 in the Detoxification Metabolism of Nicosulfuron in Apple

Zhang Y, Zhao A, Mu L, Teng X, Ma Y, Li R, Lei K, Ji L, Wang X, Li P

Plants (Basel)

23-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085047
doi:	10.3390/plants13091171
PMID:	38732386

Evolutionary Conservation in Protein–Protein Interactions and Structures of the Elongator Sub-Complex ELP456 from Arabidopsis and Yeast

Jun SE, Cho KH, Schaffrath R, Kim GT

Int J Mol Sci

15-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11050213
doi:	10.3390/ijms25084370
PMID:	38673955

Wild Edible Plants Used in Dalmatian Zagora (Croatia)

Ninčević Runjić T, Jug-Dujaković M, Runjić M, Łuczaj Ł

Plants (Basel)

11-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11053949
doi:	10.3390/plants13081079
PMID:	38674488

Pest categorisation of Lepidosaphes malicola

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Grégoire J, Malumphy C, Antonatos S, Kertesz V, Papachristos D, Sfyra O, MacLeod A

EFSA J

27-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10966764
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8665
PMID:	38544739

Apple crown and collar canker and necrosis caused by Cytospora balanejica sp. nov. in Iran

Azizi R, Ghosta Y, Ahmadpour A

Sci Rep

19-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10951349
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-57235-3
PMID:	38504125

FvMYB108, a MYB Gene from Fragaria vesca, Positively Regulates Cold and Salt Tolerance of Arabidopsis

Song P, Yang R, Jiao K, Guo B, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhang K, Zhou S, Wu X, Li X

Int J Mol Sci

17-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10970457
doi:	10.3390/ijms25063405
PMID:	38542376

Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal two new Penicillium species isolated from the ancient Great Wall loess in Beijing, China

Liang R, Yang Q, Li Y, Yin G, Zhao G

Front Microbiol

15-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10978590
doi:	10.3389/fmicb.2024.1329299
PMID:	38559343

Commodity risk assessment of Ligustrum ovalifolium and Ligustrum vulgare plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

07-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10918603
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8648
PMID:	38455154

Comprehensive Evolutionary Analysis of the SMXL Gene Family in Rosaceae: Further Insights into Its Origin, Expansion, Diversification, and Role in Regulating Pear Branching

Liu C, Jiang X, Liu S, Liu Y, Li H, Wang Z, Kan J, Yang Q, Li X

Int J Mol Sci

04-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10931622
doi:	10.3390/ijms25052971
PMID:	38474218

Treemendous: an R package for integrating taxonomic information across backbones

Specker F, Paz A, Crowther TW, Maynard DS

PeerJ

28-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10908262
doi:	10.7717/peerj.16896
PMID:	38436026

Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants used by the local Gamo people in Boreda Abaya District, Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia

Zemede J, Mekuria T, Ochieng CO, Onjalalaina GE, Hu GW

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

28-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10900619
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00666-z
PMID:	38419092

Traditional Use of Wild Edible Plants in Slovenia: A Field Study and an Ethnobotanical Literature Review

Papež Kristanc A, Kreft S, Strgulc Krajšek S, Kristanc L

Plants (Basel)

24-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10934440
doi:	10.3390/plants13050621
PMID:	38475472

Microparticles from dental calculus disclose paleoenvironmental and palaeoecological records

D'Agostino A, Di Marco G, Rolfo MF, Alessandri L, Marvelli S, Braglia R, Congestri R, Berrilli F, Fuciarelli MF, Ferracci A, Canini A, Gismondi A

Ecol Evol

23-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10891416
doi:	10.1002/ece3.11053
PMID:	38405407

The draft genome of Spiraea crenata L. (Rosaceae) – the first complete genome in tribe Spiraeeae

Laczkó L, Jordán S, Póliska S, Rácz HV, Nagy NA, Molnár V. A, Sramkó G

Sci Data

17-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10874383
doi:	10.1038/s41597-024-03046-0
PMID:	38368431

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids
Benzoic Acid	243	Click to see	122.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00056A057
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	135	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O	138.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/01483918808076763
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid	370	Click to see	170.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00294-5
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyloxycarbonyls
Benzyl acetate	8785	Click to see	150.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Benzenoids / Phenols / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids
3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Propanamide	16222514	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCC(=O)N)O	165.19	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-3796(86)80082-8
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
6S,9R-Roseoside	9930064	Click to see	386.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630290019976
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Linoleic Acid	5280450	Click to see	280.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Geraniol	637566	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
Neral	643779	Click to see	152.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
Thymol	6989	Click to see	150.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
Borneol	64685	Click to see	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
Menthol	1254	Click to see	156.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
Terpinolene	11463	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides
(1S,4aS,5R,6S,7R,7aS)-7-methyl-1-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-5,6,7-triol	162845885	Click to see	364.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(92)90223-O
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Beta-Amyrin	73145	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Betulinic Acid	64971	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Epifriedelanol	119242	Click to see	428.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Stigmasterol	5280794	Click to see	412.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acid derivatives / Carboxylic acid esters
Hex-3-enyl acetate	15574	Click to see	142.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
Chlorogenic Acid	1794427	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00294-5 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00065A007 https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(92)90223-O
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses
alpha-D-GALACTOSE	439357	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar alcohols
Allitol	120700	Click to see C(C(C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)O)O	182.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Heteroaromatic compounds
Perillene	68316	Click to see	150.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamaldehydes
Cinnamaldehyde	637511	Click to see	132.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00025A025
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Ferulic Acid	445858	Click to see	194.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/01483918808076763
Sinapinic acid	637775	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)O	224.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/01483918808076763
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
Cinnamtannin A2	16130899	Click to see	1155.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85197-1
Proanthocyanidin B2	5320711	Click to see	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00048A016
Procyanidin B2, (+)-	122738	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1046/J.0007-0963.2001.04558.X
Procyanidin C1	169853	Click to see	866.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00048A016 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85197-1
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Catechin	9064	Click to see	290.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00294-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00684-6 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00048A016 https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079208018822
Epicatechin	72276	Click to see	290.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079208018822
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Einecs 250-156-0	5484218	Click to see	434.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(92)90223-O
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-3-O-glycosides
Chrysanthemin	44256715	Click to see	449.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(92)90223-O
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
Phlorizin	6072	Click to see	436.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00048A016 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(96)00287-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(93)90071-M
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one	51402807	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00081A007
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-{[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-4-one	121540514	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O	434.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00076A022
5,7,8-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	74978545	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=C(C3=O)C(=CC(=C4O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O	640.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(92)90223-O
Avicularin	5490064	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	434.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00081A007 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00076A022
Hyperoside	5281643	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00076A022 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00081A007
Npc318533	5835713	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630290019976
Quercetin-3-D-xyloside	5320863	Click to see	434.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(96)00287-7
Quercitrin	5280459	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00081A007
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00048A016 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00294-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Macrolides and analogues
Avermectin A1b	9940924	Click to see	873.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(92)90223-O

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Malus sylvestris

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