Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among the Mapuche of southern Chile, Bennett et al., 2021 record the use of Phyllanthus amarus as a bitter leaf infusion for fevers, with whole-plant decoctions taken for urinary complaints. Across the Indian subcontinent, Naidu and Shukla, 2004 report whole-plant decoctions and infusions as a hepato‑protective “stonebreaker,” traditionally employed for jaundice and gallstone pains; Singh, 1989 lists identical preparations for jaundice and as a febrifuge. In Bangladesh and West Africa, Hossan et al., 2015 and Ahmad et al., 2008 describe infusions or decoctions of the aerial parts for fever, dysentery, and liver ailments; in the Caribbean and northern South America, Etnobiología and Caribbean ethnobotanical surveys note poultices of crushed leaves for skin irritations and ulcers. In Chinese ethnomedicine the whole herb (que bei mu) is prepared as a “Yejuhua tea” to clear liver heat and dampness, documented by Yang, 2012.

One practical recipe for a mild leaf infusion is to place 2–3 g of dried aerial parts in 200 mL freshly boiled water, cover, and steep 10–15 minutes; strain and drink 1–2 cups daily for short‑term fever relief. For a standard 1:5 ethanolic tincture of the dried herb, macerate 20 g material in 100 mL 45–50% ethanol for 2–3 weeks with daily agitation, strain, and store in amber glass; typical adult dose is 2–4 mL up to three times daily. Avoid during pregnancy and lactation; discontinue if digestive upset, dizziness, or rash occur, and consult a clinician if you take anticoagulants or prescription medications, as herb–drug interactions are possible.

Key constituents documented for Phyllanthus amarus include gallic acid, ellagic acid, phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, corilagin, rutin, and quercetin. These phenolics and lignans align with the plant’s longstanding use as a hepato‑protective febrifuge.

Modern relevance: contemporary research continues to investigate hepatoprotective and anti‑inflammatory activity, and standardized extracts are widely available as dietary supplements, while traditional infusions and decoctions remain in active use across tropical communities.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
No commercial products from Phyllanthus amarus are widely reported in accessible technical or commercial literature. Absence of entries in standard commodity or trade databases indicates a lack of established trade goods.

Industrial and craft applications:
No documented industrial or craft applications are recorded.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No established food or beverage products, food additives, or processing uses are documented in primary references.

Colorants and tanning:
No documented uses as a dye or tannin source are reported.

Wood and fiber:
No timber, bast fiber, or other fiber uses are documented.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No fragrance, essential oil, or cosmetic ingredient uses are documented.

Properties relevant to use:
No standardized physical or chemical properties relevant to commercial use are reported.

Standards and regulation:
No specific standards or regulatory frameworks are associated with Phyllanthus amarus as a commodity ingredient.

Sustainability and sourcing:
No sustainable sourcing, cultivation, or trade information is documented for commercial use.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Phyllanthus amarus var. baronianus	Leandri	Notul. Syst. (Paris) 7: 183. 1939
Phyllanthus nanus	Hook.f.	Fl. Brit. India 5: 298 (1887)
Phyllanthus niruri var. amarus	(Schumach. & Thonn.) Leandri	Fl. Madagasc. 111: 73. 1958
Phyllanthus niruri var. scabrellus	(Webb) Müll.Arg.	Linnaea 32: 43 (1863)
Phyllanthus scabrellus	Webb	Niger Fl. : 175 (1849)
Phyllanthus swartzii	Kostel.	Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 5: 1771 (1836)
Diasperus nanus	(Hook.f.) Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 601 (1891)
Phyllanthus niruri var. genuinus	Müll.Arg.	Prodr. 15(2): 406 (1866)
Phyllanthus amarus subsp. sanyaensis	P.T.Li & Y.T.Zhu	J. S. China Agric. Univ. 17(3): 118 (1996).
Phyllanthus niruroides var. madagascariensis	Leandri	Notul. Syst. (Paris) 7: 184. 1939
Phyllanthus niruri var. baronianus	(Leandri) Leandri	Fl. Madagasc. 111: 74 1958

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	carry me seed
tcy	ನೆಲನೆಲ್ಲಿ
Vietnamese	chó đẻ thân xanh
Chinese	小返魂
Chinese	月下珠
Chinese	珠子草
Chinese	霸贝菜
Chinese	苦味叶下珠
Chinese	苦味叶下珠‘（珠子f)

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Tanzania
  - Uganda
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad
  - Ethiopia
  - Sudan
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola
  - Mozambique
- West Tropical Africa
  - Benin
  - Burkina
  - Gambia
  - Ghana
  - Guinea-Bissau
  - Ivory Coast
  - Liberia
  - Mauritania
  - Nigeria
  - Senegal
  - Sierra Leone
  - Togo
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Central African Republic
  - Congo
  - Gabon
  - Gulf Of Guinea Islands
  - Zaïre
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Aldabra
  - Chagos Archipelago
  - Comoros
  - Madagascar
  - Seychelles

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Oman
  - Saudi Arabia
  - Yemen
- China
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Hainan
- Eastern Asia
  - Nansei-shoto
  - Taiwan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - East Himalaya
  - India
  - Laccadive Islands
  - Maldives
  - Sri Lanka
  - West Himalaya
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Cambodia
  - Laos
  - Myanmar
  - Nicobar Nicobar
  - South China Sea
  - Thailand
- Malesia
  - Borneo
  - Christmas Island
  - Cocos (keeling) Islands
  - Jawa
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Malaya
  - Philippines
  - Sulawesi
- Papuasia
  - New Guinea

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - New South Wales
  - Queensland
  - Western Australia

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Gulf
  - Mexico Southeast
  - Mexico Southwest
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Florida

Pacific click to expand
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands
  - Marianas
  - Marshall Islands
  - Wake Island
- South-central Pacific
  - Cook Islands
  - Line Islands
  - Marquesas
  - Society Islands
  - Tuamotu
  - Tubuai Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji
  - Gilbert Islands
  - Howland-baker Islands
  - Nauru
  - New Caledonia
  - Niue
  - Phoenix Islands
  - Samoa
  - Tokelau-manihiki
  - Tonga
  - Tuvalu
  - Vanuatu
  - Wallis-Futuna Islands

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil North
  - Brazil Northeast
  - Brazil South
  - Brazil Southeast
  - Brazil West-central
- Caribbean
  - Aruba
  - Bahamas
  - Cayman Islands
  - Cuba
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Jamaica
  - Leeward Islands
  - Netherlands Antilles
  - Puerto Rico
  - Southwest Caribbean
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Turks-caicos Islands
  - Windward Islands
- Central America
  - Belize
  - Central American Pacific
  - Costa Rica
  - El Salvador
  - Guatemala
  - Honduras
  - Nicaragua
  - Panamá
- Northern South America
  - French Guiana
  - Guyana
  - Suriname
  - Venezuela
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast
  - Chile North
  - Paraguay
  - Uruguay
- Western South America
  - Bolivia
  - Colombia
  - Ecuador
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000270441
UNII	5578I1KA35
Florida Plant Atlas	1430
Flora of Alabama	5386
USDA Plants	PHAM5
Tropicos	12800250
INPN	445642
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326408-2
The Plant List	kew-153315
Open Tree Of Life	1039186
Observations.org	198824
NCBI Taxonomy	293060
Nature Serve	2.132169
IPNI	326408-2
iNaturalist	166747
GBIF	5382589
EPPO	PYLAM
EOL	1153243
Elurikkus	531938
USDA GRIN	401814
Wikipedia	Phyllanthus_amarus
PaleoBotany	69637

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Knowledge and practices of traditional management of child malnutrition and associated pathologies in Benin

Vissoh AC, Klotoé JR, Fah L, Agbodjento E, Koudokpon H, Togbe E, Saïdou S, Dougnon V

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

02-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11064319
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00684-x
PMID:	38693543

Unleashing the promise of emerging nanomaterials as a sustainable platform to mitigate antimicrobial resistance

Rahman S, Sadaf S, Hoque ME, Mishra A, Mubarak NM, Malafaia G, Singh J

RSC Adv

01-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11062400
doi:	10.1039/d3ra05816f
PMID:	38694553

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibition, Antioxidant Activities, and Molecular Docking Study of Krom Luang Chumphon Khet Udomsak, a Thai Traditional Remedy

Limcharoen T, Chaniad P, Chonsut P, Punsawad C, Juckmeta T, Konyanee A, Rais IR, Sangkaew S

Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci

30-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11074829
doi:	10.1155/2024/1322310
PMID:	38716223

Mitigating digestive disorders: Action mechanisms of Mediterranean herbal active compounds

Kmail A

Open Life Sci

18-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11032100
doi:	10.1515/biol-2022-0857

Overview of Research on Leishmaniasis in Africa: Current Status, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Recent Advances Using By-Products of the Sargassaceae Family

Abdoul-Latif FM, Oumaskour K, Abdallah N, Ainane A, Houmed Aboubaker I, Merito A, Mohamed H, Ainane T

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

18-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11054980
doi:	10.3390/ph17040523
PMID:	38675483

Unraveling potential neuroprotective mechanisms of herbal medicine for Alzheimer’s diseases through comprehensive molecular docking analyses

Alsenani F

Saudi J Biol Sci

15-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11053229
doi:	10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103998
PMID:	38681227

Exploring the antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi: a review on methods for extraction and quantification of total antioxidant capacity (TAC)

Asomadu RO, Ezeorba TP, Ezike TC, Uzoechina JO

3 Biotech

05-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC10997672
doi:	10.1007/s13205-024-03970-3
PMID:	38585410

Harmony in Motion: Unraveling the Nexus of Sports, Plant-Based Nutrition, and Antioxidants for Peak Performance

Ayaz A, Zaman W, Radák Z, Gu Y

Antioxidants (Basel)

04-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11047508
doi:	10.3390/antiox13040437
PMID:	38671884

Mitigation Potential of Herbal Extracts and Constituent Bioactive Compounds on Salmonella in Meat-Type Poultry

Orimaye OE, Ekunseitan DA, Omaliko PC, Fasina YO

Animals (Basel)

03-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11011123
doi:	10.3390/ani14071087
PMID:	38612326

Storage and time course effects on the quality of oil extracted from Phyllanthus amarus Schumach and Annona muricata Linn and their antidiabetic potentials

Ogunjinmi OE, Oriyomi VO, Olaogun RA, Gbadegesin AT

BioTechnologia (Pozn)

29-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11020154
doi:	10.5114/bta.2024.135641
PMID:	38633891

Acute and Subchronic Toxicological Study of the Cocktail Extract from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, Phyllanthus niruri L. and Morinda citrifolia L.

Rosidah I, Renggani TN, Firdausi N, Ningsih S, Yunianto P, Permatasari D, Pongtuluran OB, Bahua H, Efendi J, Kusumastuti SA, Nuralih, El Muttaqien S, Nizar, Kusumaningrum S, Agustini K

J Toxicol

27-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10990647
doi:	10.1155/2024/9445226
PMID:	38571743

Impact of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Environment on the Metabolic Profile of Medicinal Plants and Their Therapeutic Potential

Asiminicesei DM, Fertu DI, Gavrilescu M

Plants (Basel)

21-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10976221
doi:	10.3390/plants13060913
PMID:	38592933

Suppression of P2X4 and P2X7 by Lactobacillus rhamnosus vitaP1: effects on hangover symptoms

Kwon JE, Hong W, Jeon H, Kim CS, Kim H, Kang SC

AMB Express

15-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10942966
doi:	10.1186/s13568-024-01685-5
PMID:	38491208

A metagenomic investigation of phytoplasma diversity in Australian vegetable growing regions

Rodrigues Jardim B, Gambley C, Tran-Nguyen LT, Webster C, Kehoe M, Kinoti WM, Bond S, Davis R, Jones L, Pathania N, Sharman M, Chapman T, Rodoni BC, Constable FE

Microb Genom

06-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10999746
doi:	10.1099/mgen.0.001213
PMID:	38446015

Biogenic synthesis of levofloxacin-loaded copper oxide nanoparticles using Cymbopogon citratus: A green approach for effective antibacterial applications

Jabeen A, Khan A, Ahmad P, Khalid A, Ibrahim Wizrah MS, Anjum Z, Alotibi S, Aloufi BH, Alanazi AM, Jefri OA, Ismail MA

Heliyon

28-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10945134
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27018
PMID:	38501012

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthracenecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Anthracenecarboxylic acids
Laurenquinone B	24750385	Click to see	394.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00836-I
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid	370	Click to see	170.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Aryltetralin lignans
(-)-Nirtetralin	13989913	Click to see COCC1CC2=CC3=C(C(=C2C(C1COC)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)OC)OC)OC)OCO3	430.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871258
(+/-)-Hypophyllanthin	71749431	Click to see	430.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871258 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50092A008 https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.2800040507
(1S,2R,3S)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2,3-bis(methoxymethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene	162910470	Click to see	416.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871258
(5R,6S,7R)-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-methoxy-6,7-bis(methoxymethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[f][1,3]benzodioxole	51534489	Click to see	430.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871258
1-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2,3-bis(methoxymethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene	13318863	Click to see	416.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871258
9-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4-methoxy-7,8-bis(methoxymethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydrobenzo[g][1,3]benzodioxole	3425009	Click to see	430.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871258
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Dibenzylbutane lignans
4-[3-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)butyl]-1,2-dimethoxybenzene	101522	Click to see	418.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871258
6-(3-((3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)methyl)-4-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)butyl)-4-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxole	13989914	Click to see	432.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871258
6-[(2R,3R)-3-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)butyl]-4-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxole	13989915	Click to see COCC(CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC)OC)C(CC2=CC3=C(C(=C2)OC)OCO3)COC	432.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871258
Phyllanthin	358901	Click to see COCC(CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC)OC)C(CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC)OC)COC	418.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.2800040507 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50092A008 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2005-871258
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
4-O-Galloylquinic acid	475263	Click to see	344.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00836-I
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Azaspirodecane derivatives
(1S,2S,7R,14R)-14-hydroxy-12-oxa-6-azatetracyclo[5.5.2.01,9.02,6]tetradec-9-en-11-one	162851224	Click to see	221.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00345-7
Epibubbialine	11830997	Click to see	221.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00345-7
Isobubbialine	102003051	Click to see	221.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00345-7
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indolizidines
(8S)-4-methoxy-14-oxa-7-azatetracyclo[6.6.1.01,11.02,7]pentadeca-9,11-dien-13-one	122236592	Click to see COC1CCN2C(C1)C34CC2C=CC3=CC(=O)O4	247.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00345-7
2-Allosecurinine	267769	Click to see	217.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00345-7
4-Methoxy-14-oxa-7-azatetracyclo[6.6.1.01,11.02,7]pentadeca-9,11-dien-13-one	571784	Click to see	247.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00345-7
CID 10868614	10868614	Click to see COC1CCN2C(C1)C34CC2C=CC3=CC(=O)O4	247.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00345-7
Phyllanthine	193552	Click to see COC1CCN2C(C1)C34CC2C=CC3=CC(=O)O4	247.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00345-7
Securinine	442872	Click to see	217.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00345-7
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthofurans
4-Ethenyl-6,9-dihydroxy-4-methyl-3-methylidene-3a,9b-dihydrobenzo[g][1]benzofuran-5-one	162969758	Click to see CC1(C2C(C3=C(C=CC(=C3C1=O)O)O)OCC2=C)C=C	272.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00836-I
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
Decursidate	102004630	Click to see	330.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)90071-W
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins / Epigallocatechins
(-)-Gallocatechin	9882981	Click to see	306.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3
Flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol	1249	Click to see	306.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3
Gallocatechin	65084	Click to see	306.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one	51402807	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-4-One	5378597	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3
Isoquercetin	5280804	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3
Vitamin P	5293655	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins
1,6-bis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose	440221	Click to see	484.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3
1,6-Digalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose	3332212	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)O)O	484.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
(1,13,14,15,18,19,20,34,35,39,39-Undecahydroxy-2,5,10,23,31-pentaoxo-6,9,24,27,30,40-hexaoxaoctacyclo[34.3.1.04,38.07,26.08,29.011,16.017,22.032,37]tetraconta-3,11,13,15,17,19,21,32,34,36-decaen-28-yl) 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	115063	Click to see	952.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3
(1R,3S,4R,13R,14R,21R,22S)-9,10,11,27,28,29,32,33,34-nonahydroxy-6,16,19,24,37-pentaoxo-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-2,5,15,20,23,38-hexaoxaheptacyclo[19.18.0.04,22.07,12.013,18.025,30.031,36]nonatriaconta-7,9,11,17,25,27,29,31,33,35-decaene-14-carboxylic acid	11803980	Click to see	952.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00836-I
(3,6a,10',11',12',15',16',17',31',32',36',37'-dodecahydroxy-2',5,7',20',28',41'-hexaoxospiro[3,3a-dihydro-2H-furo[3,2-b]furan-6,39'-3,6,21,24,27,38,42-heptaoxanonacyclo[35.2.2.133,36.01,35.04,23.05,26.08,13.014,19.029,34]dotetraconta-8,10,12,14,16,18,29,31,33-nonaene]-25'-yl) 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	3459965	Click to see	1110.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00836-I
(3S,4S)-4-[(Z)-1-carboxy-3-[[(1R,19R,21S,22R,23R)-6-(6-carboxy-2,3,4-trihydroxyphenoxy)-7,8,11,12,13,22-hexahydroxy-3,16-dioxo-21-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-2,17,20-trioxatetracyclo[17.3.1.04,9.010,15]tricosa-4,6,8,10,12,14-hexaen-23-yl]oxy]-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl]-5,6,7-trihydroxy-1-oxo-3,4-dihydroisochromene-3-carboxylic acid	16170982	Click to see	1138.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00836-I
(57R,58S,510R,511R,519S)-14,15,16,24,25,26,52,53,516,517,517-Undecahydroxy-55,513,515,3,8-pentaoxo-55,57,58,510,511,513,515,516,517,517a-decahydro-4,7-dioxa-5(19,10)-1,16-epoxy-7,11-methanodibenzo[i,k][1,4,7]trioxacyclotridecina-1,2(1,2)-dibenzenacyclooctaphane-58-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	138991573	Click to see	952.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-3542(02)00213-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3
[(1'R,3S,3aS,4'R,5'S,6R,6aS,23'R,25'S,26'R,35'R,36'S,37'R)-3,6a,10',11',12',15',16',17',31',32',36',37'-dodecahydroxy-2',5,7',20',28',41'-hexaoxospiro[3,3a-dihydro-2H-furo[3,2-b]furan-6,39'-3,6,21,24,27,38,42-heptaoxanonacyclo[35.2.2.133,36.01,35.04,23.05,26.08,13.014,19.029,34]dotetraconta-8,10,12,14,16,18,29,31,33-nonaene]-25'-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	162886694	Click to see	1110.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00836-I
[(1R,2S,8R,9S,27R,29S,30R,39R)-1,2,14,15,16,19,20,21,35,36-decahydroxy-3,6,11,24,32-pentaoxo-2-(2-oxopropyl)-7,10,25,28,31,40-hexaoxaoctacyclo[35.2.1.05,39.08,27.09,30.012,17.018,23.033,38]tetraconta-4,12,14,16,18,20,22,33,35,37-decaen-29-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	10373760	Click to see	992.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)90071-W
[(1R,2S)-1,2,14,15,16,19,20,21,35,36-decahydroxy-3,6,11,24,32-pentaoxo-2-(2-oxopropyl)-7,10,25,28,31,40-hexaoxaoctacyclo[35.2.1.05,39.08,27.09,30.012,17.018,23.033,38]tetraconta-4,12,14,16,18,20,22,33,35,37-decaen-29-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	5320535	Click to see CC(=O)CC1(C(=O)C=C2C3C1(OC4=C3C(=CC(=C4O)O)C(=O)OC5C6C(C(COC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7C8=C(C(=C(C=C8C(=O)O6)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC5OC(=O)C9=CC(=C(C(=C9)O)O)O)OC2=O)O)O	992.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)90071-W
[(1S,8R,9R,18R,19S,21R,22S)-7,7,8,12,13,22-hexahydroxy-21-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6,16-trioxo-2,17,20,23-tetraoxapentacyclo[16.3.1.18,11.04,9.010,15]tricosa-4,10,12,14-tetraen-19-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	101921699	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2C3C(C(C(O2)CO)OC(=O)C4=CC(=O)C(C5(C4C6=C(O5)C(=C(C=C6C(=O)O3)O)O)O)(O)O)O	650.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00836-I
[7,7,8,12,13,22-Hexahydroxy-21-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6,16-trioxo-2,17,20,23-tetraoxapentacyclo[16.3.1.18,11.04,9.010,15]tricosa-4,10,12,14-tetraen-19-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	4318491	Click to see	650.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00836-I
12,13,17,18,18,32,33,42,43-Nonahydroxy-5,8,23,26,28,35,40,46,49-nonaoxadecacyclo[23.19.3.114,17.130,34.02,41.03,37.06,24.07,27.010,15.016,21]nonatetraconta-1(44),2(41),10,12,14,20,30,32,34(48),42-decaene-4,9,19,22,29,36,39,45-octone	152771996	Click to see C1C2C3C4=C(C(=C(C=C4C(=O)OCC5C6C(C(C(O5)OC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7)OC2=O)O)O)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C9=C8C2C(=CC(=O)C(C2(O9)O)(O)O)C(=O)O6)O)O)OC3=O)O)O)OC1=O	922.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575639308043836
2-[(4R,5S,7R,25S,26R,29R,30R,31S)-13,14,15,18,19,20,29,31,35,36-decahydroxy-2,10,23,28,32-pentaoxo-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-3,6,9,24,27,33-hexaoxaheptacyclo[28.7.1.04,25.07,26.011,16.017,22.034,38]octatriaconta-1(37),11,13,15,17,19,21,34(38),35-nonaen-29-yl]acetic acid	163005208	Click to see	970.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00836-I
2-[13,14,15,18,19,20,29,31,35,36-Decahydroxy-2,10,23,28,32-pentaoxo-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-3,6,9,24,27,33-hexaoxaheptacyclo[28.7.1.04,25.07,26.011,16.017,22.034,38]octatriaconta-1(37),11,13,15,17,19,21,34(38),35-nonaen-29-yl]acetic acid	163005207	Click to see	970.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00836-I
9,10,11,27,28,29,32,33,34-Nonahydroxy-6,16,19,24,37-pentaoxo-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-2,5,15,20,23,38-hexaoxaheptacyclo[19.18.0.04,22.07,12.013,18.025,30.031,36]nonatriaconta-7,9,11,17,25,27,29,31,33,35-decaene-14-carboxylic acid	73109649	Click to see C1C2C3C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5C6C(OC(=O)C=C6C(=O)O3)C(=O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7C8=C(C(=C(C=C8C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O	952.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00836-I
Amariin	73989733	Click to see	968.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3
beta-D-Glucopyranose, cyclic 2-7:4-5-(3,6-dihydro-2,9,10,11,11-pentahydroxy-3-oxo-2,6-methano-2H-1-benzoxocin-5,7-dicarboxylate) 1-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate), (2(2S))-	3086135	Click to see	650.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00836-I
CID 338147	338147	Click to see	952.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-3542(02)00213-9
CID 5482103	5482103	Click to see	968.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3
Corilagin	73568	Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	634.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-3542(02)00213-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3
Corilagin (Standard)	5089683	Click to see	634.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3
Geraniin	3001497	Click to see	952.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85545-3

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Phyllanthus amarus

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