Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Across Europe, the leaves of the common pear (Pyrus communis) are traditionally brewed as a gentle tea to relieve cough, throat irritation, and as a mild demulcent, a use recorded in the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (1974). In Central Anatolia, Turkey, the same leaf infusion is prepared for sore throat, as noted by Bashir et al., 2017. The Mapuche people of southern Chile brew a leaf tea for respiratory irritation, a practice documented by Bennett et al., 2021. In addition to the leaf infusion, the bark is decocted in European tradition to promote a mild diuretic effect, also mentioned in the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (1974). These preparations illustrate the use of leaf infusions and a bark decoction across three cultural contexts.

To make a simple leaf tea, place 2 g of dried Pyrus communis leaves (or 1 tablespoon of freshly harvested leaves) into a cup, pour 250 ml of water just brought to a boil, cover, and let steep for 5–10 minutes before straining. The warm infusion can be consumed up to two cups a day for adults; children over 12 years may take no more than one cup daily. The preparation should be avoided by pregnant or nursing women and by anyone with a known allergy to Rosaceae plants. Do not exceed three cups per day.

Analytical studies of the leaves have identified the flavonoids quercetin‑3‑glucoside, kaempferol‑3‑glucoside, and the phenolic acid chlorogenic acid, together with ascorbic acid, all reported by Duan et al., 2017. These compounds possess strong antioxidant activity and can modulate inflammatory pathways, providing a plausible basis for the soothing, demulcent effect of the tea. The bark contains the triterpenoid acids oleanolic acid and ursolic acid, as documented by Zhang et al., 2020; such triterpenes are well‑known for mild diuretic and anti‑inflammatory actions. Together, the leaf flavonoids and bark triterpenoids explain the traditional respiratory and urinary benefits attributed to the respective preparations.

Current research continues to explore the antioxidant capacity of Pyrus leaf extracts, and several European herbal retailers now market dried pear leaf tea as a gentle respiratory tonic. Standardised leaf preparations are also under study for their role in supporting throat comfort, while the bark decoction remains in use among traditional practitioners. The plant therefore bridges heritage practice with modern phytotherapy.

General Uses Top

Suggest a correction!

Common products:
Fresh fruit and dried slices (sulphured and unsulphured) are marketed worldwide. Processed products include juice/concentrate, puree, canned halves, and frozen preparations. Pear is a major fermentable substrate for alcoholic beverages; the World Catalogue of Liqueurs lists several European liqueurs that incorporate pear distillate, and it is the core fermentable for perry (pear cider).

Industrial and craft applications:
Pear pomace and woody pruning residues are used as fermentation feedstocks. Juice clarification uses pectinases and amylases to reduce viscosity, often via commercial enzyme preparations (e.g., Rohapect, Rapidase), allowing efficient pressing and juice yield. Pear pulp is a substrate for vinegar production under aerobic fermentation (Acetobacter spp.). Wood is valued for small turnery and carving due to fine, even grain and workability.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Pear-based food ingredients include concentrate, puree, and diced formats for sauces, desserts, jams, and bakery fillings. Pectin and pectic polysaccharides are widely used as setting agents and stabilizers in confectionery, dairy, and beverages, and are commonly produced industrially as E440 (pectin). Pear is used in fermentations for perry, pear brandy (e.g., Poire Williams), and vinegar derived from pomace.

Colorants and tanning:
Not documented.

Wood and fiber:
Wood is used for small turnery, carving, brush handles, and specialty items. Properties enabling these uses include fine, even grain, medium hardness and density, low warping, and good machining and finishing characteristics.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
Not documented for essential oil or fragrance use of this taxon.

Properties relevant to use:
Fructose-rich juice enhances fermentation efficiency; high soluble solids and moderate acidity support perry and vinegar processing. Wood shows moderate volumetric shrinkage and stability in fine-grained, low-resin timber suitable for precision turned articles.

Standards and regulation:
Processed products and ingredients comply with food codes (e.g., Codex Alimentarius for fruit products; US CFR 21/9 for fruit juices and ingredients). Pectin is regulated as E440 with specifications for galacturonic acid content and degree of esterification in the EU. Wood used for craft articles is generally graded under national standards; no species-specific trade standards are documented.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Global supply chains combine orchard-produced fresh fruit with industrial processing of pomace and residues. Pruned wood and pomace are locally relevant feedstocks for fermentation and energy recovery, reducing waste streams.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Pyrus amphigenea	Domin ex Dostálek	Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 24: 105 (1989)
Pyrus salviati	Poit. & Turpin	Traité Arbr. Fruit. 4: n.º 100 (1829)
Pyrus ambrosiaca	Poit. & Turpin	Traité Arbr. Fruit. 4: n.º 2 (1830)
Pyrus balansae	Decne.	Jard. Fruit. 1: [319], t. 6 (1871)
Pyrus communis var. pyraster	L.	Sp. Pl. : 479 (1753)
Pyrus communis var. sativa	DC.	Fl. Franç. , ed. 3, 4: 430 (1805)
Pyrus communis var. sylvestris	DC.	Fl. Franç. , ed. 3, 5: 430 (1805)
Pyrus pyraster subsp. achras	(Wallr.) Terpó	Feddes Repert. 96: 80 (1985)
Pyrus rossica	A.D.Danilov	Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 15: 126 (1953)
Pyrus sativa	DC.	Fl. Franc. [de Candolle & Lamarck], ed. 3. 4(2): 430. 1805 : a sphalm.
Pyrus pyraster var. rossica	(A.D.Danilov) Tuz	Kul't. Fl. SSSR 14: 155 (1983)
Sorbus pyrus	Crantz	Stirp. Austr. Fasc. ii. 56; ed. II. 93.
Malus communis	(L.) Poir.	Encycl. 5: 560 (1804)

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	common pear
English	european pear
English	wild pear
English	pear
Spanish	peral europeo
Spanish	peral
Spanish	crataegus excelsa
Spanish	pera europea
Spanish	peral comun
Spanish	pyrus amphigenea
Spanish	pyrus balansae
Spanish	pyrus sativa
Spanish	sorbus pyrus
Arabic	كمثرى
Arabic	إجاص
Arabic	إنجاص
Arabic	اجاص
Arabic	كمثري
Arabic	نجاص
Arabic	الأجاص
Arabic	الإجاص
Arabic	الاجاص
Arabic	الكمثرى
Arabic	عرموط
Azerbaijani	adi armud
Azerbaijani	pyrus balansae
azb	عادی آرمود
Belarusian	Груша звычайная
Belarusian	груша звычайная
Bulgarian	Обикновена круша
Bulgarian	обикновена круша
Catalan	perera europea
Czech	hrušeň obecná
Welsh	coeden ellyg
Danish	almindelig pære
Danish	pære
German	wildbirne
German	gartenbirnbaum
German	kulturbirne
German	kultur-birne
German	birnbaum
German	birne
Greek	Αχλαδιά
Greek	Αμπουρτζιά
Esperanto	ordinara piruso
Estonian	harilik pirnipuu
Estonian	pirnipuu
Estonian	aed-pirnipuu
Basque	madariondo arrunt
Basque	udareondo arrunt
Persian	گلابی اروپایی
Persian	گلابی وحشی
Finnish	päärynä
Finnish	satopäärynäpuu
Finnish	päärynäpuu
Finnish	tarhapäärynä
fj	pear
French	poirier commun
French	poirier cultivé
French	poirier
frr	peerbuum
fur	piruçâr
Irish	piorra fiáin
Galician	pereira
Croatian	obična kruška
Upper Sorbian	zahrodna krušwina
Hungarian	nemes körte
Armenian	Տանձենի բարձր
Japanese	セイヨウナシ
Japanese	洋なし
Japanese	洋ナシ
Japanese	洋梨
Japanese	西洋なし
Japanese	西洋ナシ
Japanese	西洋梨
Kabyle	tifirest
kbd	Кхъужьей
kbd	Кхъужь
Korean	서양배나무
Korean	서양배
ksh	bir
lb	bierebam
lbe	Хъюрт
Lithuanian	paprastoji kriaušė
Latvian	mājas bumbiere
Macedonian	обична круша
Malayalam	പിറസ് കമ്മ്യൂണിസ്
mn	Европ лийр
mzn	تلکا
nah	peracuahuitl
Norwegian Bokmål	pæretre
Dutch	peer
Norwegian Nynorsk	pæretre
nrm	peiryî
oc	perièr
Polish	grusza polna
Polish	grusza pospolita
Polish	grusza dzika
Polish	płonka
Polish	ulęgałka
Punjab	ناشپاتی
Romanian	păr
Russian	Груша обыкновенная
Russian	Груша садовая
Russian	ди́кая груша
Russian	груша обыкновенная
rup	peru
sc	pira
Slovak	hruška obyčajná
skr	ناکھ
Slovenian	hruška
Slovenian	divja hruška
Swedish	päron
Swedish	päronträ
Swedish	päronträd
Thai	แพร์
Turkish	armut
tt	гади армут
Ukrainian	Груша звичайна
Ukrainian	груші
Ukrainian	груша звичайна
Urdu	ببوگوشا
vls	peire
vro	pirnipuu
Chinese	西洋梨
Chinese	欧洲野梨
Chinese	法兰西梨
Chinese	洋梨
Chinese	烟台梨
Chinese	秋洋梨
Chinese	阳梨

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Name	Authority	First published in
Pyrus communis subsp. caucasica	(Fed.) Browicz	Fl. Turkey 4: 163 (1972)
Pyrus communis subsp. communis		Unknown

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Macaronesia
  - Canary Islands
- Southern Africa
  - Cape Provinces
  - Free State

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- Eastern Asia
  - Korea
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
  - Tadzhikistan
  - Turkmenistan
  - Uzbekistan
- Western Asia
  - Cyprus
  - East Aegean Islands
  - Iraq
  - Turkey

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - East Himalaya
  - India
  - Pakistan
  - West Himalaya

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - South Australia

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - Krym
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Romania
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Nova Scotia
  - Ontario
- Mexico
  - Mexico Northwest
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Iowa
  - Kansas
  - Missouri
  - Oklahoma
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut
  - Indiana
  - Maine
  - Michigan
  - New Hampshire
  - New Jersey
  - New York
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
  - Rhode Island
  - Vermont
  - West Virginia
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Idaho
  - Montana
  - Oregon
  - Washington
- South-central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico
  - Texas
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Arkansas
  - Delaware
  - Florida
  - Georgia
  - Kentucky
  - Louisiana
  - Maryland
  - Mississippi
  - North Carolina
  - South Carolina
  - Tennessee
  - Virginia
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California
  - Utah
- Western Canada
  - British Columbia

Southern America click to expand
- Western South America
  - Ecuador

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0001015799
UNII	80UKV9Y4B3
Florida Plant Atlas	1938
Flora of Alabama	3191
Canadensys	8885
USDA Plants	PYCO
Tropicos	27800339
Flora of Italy	9690
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30065762-2
The Plant List	rjp-63
Missouri Botanical Garden	286400
Open Tree Of Life	972654
Observations.org	7282
NCBI Taxonomy	23211
NCBI Taxonomy	1943549
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000155555
Nature Serve	2.147676
IUCN Red List	173010
IPNI	30065762-2
iNaturalist	63951
GBIF	5362573
Freebase	/m/05bs88
WisFlora	4725
EPPO	PYUCO
EOL	414311
Elurikkus	6668
Calflora (Californian flora)	8729
USDA GRIN	30474
Wikipedia	Pyrus_communis
CMAUP	NPO366
Plantarium	31070

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_963583255.2	drPyrComm1.hap1.2	Chromosome	WELLCOME SANGER INSTITUTE	2026-04-27	51	490.02 Mb
GCF_963583255.1	drPyrComm1.1	Chromosome	WELLCOME SANGER INSTITUTE	2023-11-05	51	464.76 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

The genome sequence of the pear, Pyrus communis L.

Ruhsam M

Wellcome Open Res

03-Dec-2024

PMCID:	PMC11803386
doi:	10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23426.1
PMID:	39925661

From nature to nanomedicine: bioengineered metallic nanoparticles bridge the gap for medical applications

Patel J, Kumar GS, Roy H, Maddiboyina B, Leporatti S, Bohara RA

Discov Nano

09-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11082127
doi:	10.1186/s11671-024-04021-9
PMID:	38724833

A modified CTAB method for the extraction of high-quality RNA from mono-and dicotyledonous plants rich in secondary metabolites

Kiss T, Karácsony Z, Gomba-Tóth A, Szabadi KL, Spitzmüller Z, Hegyi-Kaló J, Cels T, Otto M, Golen R, Hegyi ÁI, Geml J, Váczy KZ

Plant Methods

04-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11069240
doi:	10.1186/s13007-024-01198-z
PMID:	38704591

Risk assessment of Retithrips syriacus for the EU

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, van der Werf W, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Bezerra Lima ÉF, Makowski D, Crotta M, Gobbi A, Golic D, Maiorano A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Rossi E, Terzidou A, Vicent Civera A

EFSA J

29-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11056851
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8741
PMID:	38686341

Genetic and molecular regulation of chilling requirements in pear: breeding for climate change resilience

Gabay G, Flaishman MA

Front Plant Sci

26-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11082341
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2024.1347527
PMID:	38736438

Physiological and metabolic analyses reveal the proline-mediated flowering delay mechanism in Prunus persica

Park Y, Muthuramalingam P, Jeong JH, Kim SH, Shin H

Front Plant Sci

25-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11079198
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2024.1302975
PMID:	38726296

High-Pressure Processing Effects on Microbiological Stability, Physicochemical Properties, and Volatile Profile of a Fruit Salad

Lopes AC, Queirós RP, Inácio RS, Pinto CA, Casal S, Delgadillo I, Saraiva JA

Foods

24-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11083073
doi:	10.3390/foods13091304
PMID:	38731676

Development of a Micropropagation Protocol for the Ex Situ Conservation of Nuttall’s Scrub Oak (Quercus dumosa)

Ree JF, Powell C, Folgado R, Pence VC, Walters C, Maschinski J

Plants (Basel)

20-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11054787
doi:	10.3390/plants13081148
PMID:	38674557

Influence of abiotic factors on diapause termination and temperature requirements for postdiapause development in the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Martínez-Villar E, López-Manzanares B, Legarrea S, Pérez-Moreno I, Marco-Mancebón VS

Exp Appl Acarol

18-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11065907
doi:	10.1007/s10493-024-00904-9
PMID:	38637448

Wild Edible Plants Used in Dalmatian Zagora (Croatia)

Ninčević Runjić T, Jug-Dujaković M, Runjić M, Łuczaj Ł

Plants (Basel)

11-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11053949
doi:	10.3390/plants13081079
PMID:	38674488

Genome-Wide Identification of Glutathione S-Transferase Genes in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Reveals Their Potential Role in Anthocyanin Accumulation on the Fruit Peel

Obel HO, Zhou X, Liu S, Yang Y, Liu J, Zhuang Y

Int J Mol Sci

11-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11050406
doi:	10.3390/ijms25084260
PMID:	38673847

The cardioprotective potential of selected species of mistletoe

Olas B

Front Pharmacol

11-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11043484
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2024.1395658
PMID:	38666019

The influence of the pollination compatibility type on the pistil S-RNase expression in European pear (Pyrus communis)

Claessen H, Palmers H, Keulemans W, Van de Poel B, De Storme N

Front Genet

09-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11035772
doi:	10.3389/fgene.2024.1360332
PMID:	38655055

Haplotype-resolved genome of Prunus zhengheensis provides insight into its evolution and low temperature adaptation in apricot

Tan W, Zhou P, Huang X, Liao R, Wang X, Wu Y, Ni Z, Shi T, Yu X, Zhang H, Ma C, Gao F, Ma Y, Bai Y, Hayat F, Omondi OK, Coulibaly D, Gao Z

Hortic Res

08-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11059810
doi:	10.1093/hr/uhae103
PMID:	38689698

Long-Lasting Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized with Tagetes erecta and Their Antibacterial Activity against Erwinia amylovora, a Serious Rosaceous Pathogen

Zarate-Escobedo J, Zavaleta-Mancera HA, Soto-Hernández RM, Pérez-Rodríguez P, Vilchis-Nestor AR, Silva-Rojas HV, Trejo-Téllez LI

Plants (Basel)

29-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11013423
doi:	10.3390/plants13070981
PMID:	38611509

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthoquinones
(2S,3R)-5,8-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2R)-2-hydroxypropyl]-6-methoxy-2,3-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dione	162963448	Click to see CC(CC1C(C(=O)C2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C=C2O)OC)O)CO)O	310.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Hydroquinones
Hydroquinone	785	Click to see	110.11	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959574
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters
Ethyl butyrate	7762	Click to see CCCC(=O)OCC	116.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
methyl (2E,4E,6E,10E,16E,18E,20E,22E,24E,26E,36E,44E,50E)-58-amino-13,15,33,35,39,41,43,47,49,53,55-undecahydroxy-2,12,14,30-tetramethyl-31-oxo-29-sulfooxyoctapentaconta-2,4,6,10,16,18,20,22,24,26,36,44,50-tridecaenoate	16109801	Click to see CC(C=CCCC=CC=CC=C(C)C(=O)OC)C(C(C)C(C=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC=CCC(C(C)C(=O)CC(CC(C=CCC(CC(CC(C=CCC(CC(C=CCC(CC(CCCN)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)O)O	1190.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Acyclic diterpenoids
3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol	145386	Click to see	296.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
Rel-(7S,11S,E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol	40467768	Click to see CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(=CCO)C	296.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / C19-gibberellins / C19-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids
Gibberellin A45	101603116	Click to see	332.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(77)80029-0
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / C20-gibberellins / C20-gibberellin 20-carboxylic acids
Gibberellin A17	5460657	Click to see	378.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(77)80029-0
Gibberellin A25	14464358	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1C(C34C2CCC(C3)C(=C)C4)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O	362.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(77)80029-0
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
methyl (2S,3R,4S)-4-[2-[(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxyethyl]-3-ethenyl-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate	10929701	Click to see COC(=O)C1=COC(C(C1CCOC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)C=C)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	552.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Carotenes
1,3,3-trimethyl-2-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohexene	152743363	Click to see CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)C=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC2C(=CCCC2(C)C)C)C)C	536.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
1,3,3-trimethyl-2-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohexene	152743364	Click to see	536.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
15-cis-Phytoene	9963391	Click to see	544.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
alpha-Carotene	6419725	Click to see CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)C=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC2C(=CCCC2(C)C)C)C)C	536.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
Beta-Carotene	5280489	Click to see	536.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Xanthophylls
(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E)-8-[(2S,3R)-3-[(1E,3E,5E,7E)-8-[(1R,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-2,6-dimethylocta-1,3,5,7-tetraenyl]oxiran-2-yl]-3,7-dimethylocta-1,3,5,7-tetraenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol	163079963	Click to see	584.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
(1S)-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-[(1R)-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohex-3-en-1-ol	163001159	Click to see	552.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
Cryptoxanthin	5281235	Click to see CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)C=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC2=C(CC(CC2(C)C)O)C)C)C	552.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
Lutein B/Calthaxanthin/3'-Epilutein	10210008	Click to see	568.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
Violaxanthin	448438	Click to see	600.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
Zeaxanthin	5280899	Click to see	568.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Betulin	72326	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)CO	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/1478641031000149821
Epilupeol	5270628	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/1478641031000149821
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives
[(2R,3R)-2-[(8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methoxy]-6-methylheptan-3-yl] acetate	53483753	Click to see	564.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Monohydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives
[(2R,3R)-2-[(8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-3-yl] acetate	102513752	Click to see CC(C)CCC(C(C)(C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)O)OC(=O)C	458.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Hydroxysteroids / 21-hydroxysteroids
Dermatin (steroid)	3381	Click to see	452.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides
(8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-[(2R,3R,6S)-2,3-dihydroxy-6-methyl-7-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one	53483752	Click to see	564.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2R,3R,6S)-2-[(8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-hydroxy-6-methyl-7-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyheptan-3-yl] acetate	53483751	Click to see CC(CCC(C(C)(C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)O)OC(=O)C)COC5C(C(C(CO5)O)O)O	606.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-acetyloxy-6-[(2S,5R,6R)-5-acetyloxy-6-[(8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-hydroxy-2-methylheptoxy]-4-hydroxyoxan-3-yl] acetate	53483750	Click to see	690.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
Muricellasteroid A	53483704	Click to see CC(CCC(C(C)(C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)O)OC(=O)C)COC5C(C(C(CO5)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)O	690.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues / 1-pyranosylindoles
tryptophan N-glucoside	11772967	Click to see	366.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF0003146
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Alpha-halocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Alpha-halocarboxylic acid derivatives
Propanoic acid, 2-bromo-2-methyl-, ethyl ester	11745	Click to see	195.05	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Phenylalanine and derivatives
3-[[1-(4-Aminobutylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]oxirane-2-carboxylic acid	19423296	Click to see	349.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acid derivatives / Carboxylic acid esters
(+)-2-Ethylhexyl acetate	10654786	Click to see	172.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Butyl Acetate	31272	Click to see CCCCOC(=O)C	116.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hexyl acetate	8908	Click to see	144.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
2-[(4S)-4-hydroxy-3,6-dioxodioxan-4-yl]acetic acid	54759166	Click to see C1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1(CC(=O)O)O	190.11	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives
(2R)-2-hydroxy(313C)butanedioic acid	10953564	Click to see	135.08	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
3-p-Coumaroylquinic acid	9945785	Click to see	338.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)83029-5
Chlorogenic Acid	1794427	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02490693
Dicaffeoylquinic acid	12358846	Click to see	516.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00042A002
isochlorogenic acid A	6474310	Click to see	516.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80083-4
Neochlorogenic acid	5280633	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)83029-5
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-phenylmethoxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	101926686	Click to see C1C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OCC3=CC=CC=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)(CO)O	564.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959574
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-phenylmethoxyoxane-3,4,5-triol	4984739	Click to see	270.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959574
2-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-phenylmethoxyoxane-3,4,5-triol	14079044	Click to see C1C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OCC3=CC=CC=C3)O)O)O)O)(CO)O	402.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959574
2-[6-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-phenylmethoxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162872354	Click to see	564.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959574
Benzyl beta-d-glucopyranoside	188977	Click to see	270.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959574
GlyTouCan:G20812UT	53301851	Click to see	342.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Icariside F2	14079045	Click to see C1C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OCC3=CC=CC=C3)O)O)O)O)(CO)O	402.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959574
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol	7576924	Click to see	272.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-[[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	137918176	Click to see	418.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959574
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol	346	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	272.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02490693 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959574
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenoxy)tetrahydropyran-3,4,5-triol	380510	Click to see	286.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959574
2-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	162860474	Click to see	418.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959574
4-Methoxyphenylglucoside	80131	Click to see	286.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959574
6-O-Acetylarbutin	5315513	Click to see	314.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Arbutin	440936	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	272.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959574
Gastrodin	115067	Click to see	286.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959574
Npc241258	3645183	Click to see	286.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959574
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides
(2R,3S,4S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(hydroxymethylidene)oxolane-3,4-diol	56947165	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(=CO)O1)O)O)O	162.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses
D-Glucose	5793	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones
4'-Hydroxyacetophenone	7469	Click to see	136.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Ketene acetals
(1Z,3E)-1,4-diaminobuta-1,3-diene-1,4-diolate	53338995	Click to see C(=C(N)[O-])C=C(N)[O-]	114.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Azoles / Triazoles / Phenyltriazoles / Phenyl-1,2,4-triazoles
Fenchlorazole-ethyl	3033865	Click to see CCOC(=O)C1=NN(C(=N1)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl	403.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans / Dibenzofurans
alpha-Pyrufuran	159239	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C(C2=C1C3=CC=CC=C3O2)OC)OC)O	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/P19830002267
beta-Pyrufuran	159238	Click to see	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/P19830002267
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Chromones
(2R,4S)-2,4-dihydroxy-4-[(2S)-5-hydroxy-7-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]chromen-2-yl]-5-methoxy-5-oxopentanoic acid	90676612	Click to see	410.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
8-Hydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydrocyclopenta[b]chromene-1,9-dione	10242936	Click to see CC1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OC3=C(C2=O)C(=O)CC3)O	230.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
Coniochaetone B	10263320	Click to see CC1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OC3=C(C2=O)C(CC3)O)O	232.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
dimethyl (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-[(2S)-5-hydroxy-7-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]chromen-2-yl]butanedioate	86294773	Click to see	394.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Oxalicumone A	90676613	Click to see	424.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Oxalicumone C	122399807	Click to see	350.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Diazanaphthalenes / Benzodiazines / Quinazolines
(3R)-3-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-9-one	101995828	Click to see	232.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthofurans
[(4aR,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a,6-dihydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-9-oxo-1,2,3,5,6,6a,7,11a-octahydronaphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-5-yl] benzoate	162970176	Click to see CC1C2C(C=C3C1=CC(=O)O3)C4(CCCC(C4(C(C2O)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)(C)C)C	452.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives
p-Coumaroylmalic acid	129720114	Click to see	280.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00042A002
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
4-Coumaric acid	322	Click to see	164.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02490693
Caffeic Acid	689043	Click to see	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02490693
P-Coumaric Acid	637542	Click to see	164.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02490693
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Pyranocoumarins / Angular pyranocoumarins
(+)-trans-4'-Tigloylkhellactone	10807381	Click to see	344.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Catechin	9064	Click to see	290.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02490693
Epicatechin	72276	Click to see	290.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00042A002 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02490693
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
3,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	162845922	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	478.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(06)80132-9
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one	51402807	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00042A002
Cacticin	5318644	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	478.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(06)80132-9
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00042A002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(06)80132-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02490693
Vitamin P	5293655	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(06)80132-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02490693
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflavans / Isoflavanones / 6-prenylated isoflavanones
5-Hydroxy-3-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]-8,8-dimethyl-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-4-one	25231268	Click to see	472.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598399

Gallery Top

Upload a new image!

Contributors Top

Collections Top

In private collections	0
In public collections	0

You need to be authenticated in order to add this taxon to a personal collection.

Pyrus communis

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top