Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Ficus carica leaves have long been brewed as a soothing tea in Mediterranean societies. In Greece and Italy, villagers have used a steep of dried fig leaves to relieve mild diarrhea and to calm the stomach, a practice recorded in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015. In traditional Chinese medicine, the leaves are macerated in warm water to produce a decoction that is taken for cough and sore throat; this use is listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 2015. Ayurvedic practitioners in India prepare a tincture of fig leaf in alcohol to treat constipation and to support digestive health, as documented in the Indian Pharmacopoeia, 2018. In all three cultures the leaf is the primary material, while bark and fruit are rarely used for infusions.

A simple, safe fig‑leaf tea can be made by taking 5 g of dried leaves (about one tablespoon) and steeping them in 250 ml of boiling water for 10 minutes. Strain the liquid, add a pinch of honey if desired, and sip slowly. The tea is mild and can be consumed up to three times a day. Pregnant women should limit intake to one cup per day, as high doses of fig leaf have been reported to stimulate uterine contractions in animal studies. No serious adverse effects have been reported at the doses used in traditional practice.

The therapeutic effects of fig leaf tea are attributed to a range of well‑established phytochemicals. Flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol provide antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory activity. Phenolic acids, including gallic acid, contribute to the astringent properties that help control diarrhea. Tannins and lignans are also present and are thought to reinforce the mucosal lining of the gut. Together, these compounds explain the leaf’s traditional use for digestive ailments and mild respiratory irritation.

Today, fig leaf extracts are marketed as herbal teas and dietary supplements, and several research groups are investigating their anti‑diarrheal and anti‑inflammatory potential in vitro and in animal models. The continued use of fig leaf tea in Mediterranean, Chinese, and Indian communities underscores its enduring relevance as a low‑cost, accessible remedy.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Dried figs are processed into whole dried fruit, chopped products, fig paste, fig concentrate, and fig flour for baked goods, confectionery, and bar applications. Fresh figs are consumed directly and may be pureed or concentrated into syrups and jams; syrups are used as flavoring in beverages and fermented products. Ground seeds yield small quantities of oil.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Dried figs are utilized as a sweetener and texture ingredient in bakery (cookies, cakes, energy bars), confectionery, breakfast cereals, trail mixes, and sauces; fig paste is common in Middle Eastern pastries (e.g., chebakia). The high invert sugar content (fructose and glucose) contributes to browning and moisture retention in baked goods. Fresh figs are processed into purees and syrups for flavoring yogurt, desserts, and beverages; fig syrup is used to correct fermentations in wine or spirits. Seeds yield a small amount of edible oil characterized by a linoleic-acid–rich profile, with seed fat content around 23–29% on a seed basis.

Colorants and tanning:
No documented applications for fig-derived colorants or tannins are known.

Wood and fiber:
No documented structural timber, pulp, or fiber uses are documented for this species.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
Fig-derived fragrance or cosmetic uses are not documented for this species.

Properties relevant to use:
Dried figs contain high sugars (typically >50% by weight, mostly fructose and glucose) and retain moderate residual moisture, which supports their use as sweeteners and humectants in formulations; pH is commonly near neutral to slightly acidic. Fig seed oil is characterized by a predominance of linoleic acid, moderate oleic acid, and minor saturated fatty acids; the oil exhibits typical triacylglycerol composition compatible with food use.

Standards and regulation:
Dried figs are internationally regulated under Codex Alimentarius Standard 173–1989 for dried figs; EU standards and national grading systems (e.g., US Standards for Grades of Dried Figs) address quality grades (Size/Color/Defect) and sanitation requirements. Producer-country phytosanitary regulations apply to imports.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Figs are cultivated in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern climates; drying occurs primarily by solar dehydration, with industrial dehydration used for consistency. Quality varies with cultivar, drying conditions, and storage; low water activity and sulfur dioxide use (where permitted) are critical for minimizing browning and microbial growth during storage and distribution.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Caprificus insectifera	Gasp.	Nov. Gen. Fic. 6. 1844
Caprificus leucocarpa	Gasp.	Ric. Caprifico 80. t. 2, 3. 1845 [Sep-Dec 1845]
Caprificus oblongata	Gasp.	Ric. Caprifico 80. t. 2, 3. 1845 [Sep-Dec 1845]
Caprificus pedunculata	Gasp.	Ric. Caprifico 80. t. 2, 3. 1845 [Sep-Dec 1845]
Caprificus rugosa	Gasp.	Ric. Caprifico 80. t. 2, 3. 1845 [Sep-Dec 1845]
Caprificus sphaerocarpa	Gasp.	Ric. Caprifico 80. t. 2, 3. 1845 [Sep-Dec 1845]
Ficus albescens	Miq.	London J. Bot. 7: 223 (1848)
Ficus burdigalensis	Poit. & Turpin	Pomol. Franç. 4: t. 329 (1875)
Ficus caprificus	Risso	Fl. Nice 434. 1844
Ficus carica var. caprificus	(Risso) Tschirch	Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 29: 90 (1911)
Ficus carica var. domestica	Czern. & Rav.
Ficus carica var. riparium	Hausskn.	Fl. Orient. 4: 1154 1879
Ficus colchica	Grossh.	Izv. Azerbaidzhansk. Fil. 1-2: 111 (1939)
Ficus colombra	Gasp.	Ric. Caprifico : 77 (1845)
Ficus communis	Lam.	Fl. Franç. 3: 652 (1779)
Ficus deliciosa	Gasp.	Ric. Caprifico : 78 (1845)
Ficus dottata	Gasp.	Ric. Caprifico : 77 (1845)
Ficus globosa	Miq.	London J. Bot. 7: 224. 1848
Ficus hypoleuca	Gasp.	Ric. Caprifico : 79 (1845)
Ficus hyrcana	Grossh.	Izv. Azerbaidzhansk. Fil. 1-2: 111 (1939)
Ficus kopetdagensis	Pachom.	Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 2: 323 (1971)
Ficus latifolia	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 16 (1796)
Ficus leucocarpa	Gasp.	Ric. Caprifico : 77 (1845)
Ficus macrocarpa	Gasp.	Ric. Caprifico 78. 1845 [Sep-Dec 1845]
Ficus neapolitana	Miq.	London J. Bot. 7: 223 (1848)
Ficus pachycarpa	Gasp.	Ric. Caprifico : 78 (1845)
Ficus pedunculata	Miq.	London J. Bot. 7: 224 (1848)
Ficus polymorpha	Gasp.	Ric. Caprifico : 77 (1845)
Ficus praecox	Gasp.	Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 880 (1844)
Ficus regina	hort. ex Miq.	London J. Bot. 7: 223. 1848
Ficus rugosa	Miq.	London J. Bot. 7: 224 (1848)
Ficus silvestris	Risso	Fl. Nice 434. 1844

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	fig
English	edible fig
English	common fig
English	fig plant
Spanish	higuera
Spanish	ashuatta
Afrikaans	vy
Amharic	ተራ በለስ
an	figuera
Arabic	شجرة التين
Arabic	حماط
Arabic	التين
Arabic	تين
Arabic	تين شائع
arc	ܬܐܢܬܐ
ary	الكرموس
Assamese	ডিমৰু
Azerbaijani	adi əncir
azb	عادی انجیر
ba	Инжир
ban	ara
bcl	igos
Belarusian	вінная ягада
Belarusian	смакоўніца
Belarusian	фігавае дрэва
Belarusian	Інжыр
Bulgarian	Смокини
Bulgarian	смокиня
Bengali	আঞ্জির
Tibetan	མེ་ཏོག་མེད་པའི་ཤིང་འབྲས་
Tibetan	མེ་ཏོག་མེད་པའི་ཤིང་ཏོག
Bosnian	smokve
Bosnian	smokva
Catalan	figuera
Catalan	cabrafiguera
cdo	Ù-huă-guō
chy	vóhkooheme
co	ficu
Czech	fíkovník smokvoň
Czech	vlašský stromek
cu	Смоковьница
cu	Сѷкоморі́ꙗ
cu	Сѷкоморїꙗ
cv	Инжир
Welsh	ffigysbren
Danish	almindelig figen
German	gewöhnlicher eichenbaum
German	feige
German	asvatha
German	echte feige
German	feigenbaum
diq	İncil
dv	ވައްތީނި
Greek	Συκέα
Greek	Συκιά
eml	fîg
Esperanto	vera figo
Estonian	harilik viigipuu
Basque	pikondo
Persian	انجیر
Finnish	aitoviikuna
fj	lolo
French	caprifiguier
French	figuier commun
French	figuier
French	figuier comestible
frr	echt fiig
fur	fiâr
fur	fic
fur	figâr
Irish	fige
Galician	figueira
grc	συκέα
Gujarati	અંજીર
Manx	billey figgagh
Manx	fig
hak	vù-fâ-kó
Hawaiian	fiku
Hebrew	דבלה
Hebrew	פיקוס התאנה
Hebrew	תאנה
Hindi	अंजीर
Croatian	obična smokva
Upper Sorbian	smokwica
Upper Sorbian	prawy figowc
Hungarian	fügefa
Hungarian	közönséges füge
Hungarian	füge
Armenian	թուզ
hyw	Թուզ
ia	fichiero
Indonesian	tiin
Indonesian	fig
Indonesian	tin
io	figo
Icelandic	fíkja
Icelandic	fíkjutré
Italian	fico
Italian	caprifico
Italian	fichi
Italian	fico secco
Italian	ficoraccia
Japanese	いちじく
Japanese	ムカカ
Japanese	ムカカヨウ
Japanese	映日果
Japanese	無花果葉
Japanese	無花果
Japanese	イチジク
jv	woh tin
Georgian	ლეღვი
Kabyle	agrur
kbd	Ахъо
Kazakh	Інжір
Kannada	ಅಂಜೂರ
Korean	무화과
Korean	무화과나무
koi	Инжир
kv	Инжир
lb	fig
lbe	Инжир
ln	figi
Lithuanian	skiautėtalapis fikusas
Latvian	vīģe
Latvian	vīģes
Latvian	vīģes koks
Latvian	vīģeskoks
lzh	無花果
Malagasy	aviavy
Macedonian	Смоква
Malayalam	common fig
Malayalam	ശീമഅത്തി
Malayalam	ശീമയത്തി
Malayalam	അത്തി
mnc	ᡠᡩᡠᠮᠪᠠᡵᠠ
mnc	ᡳᠯᡥᠠᡴᡡ ᡨᡠᠪᡳᡥᡝ
Marathi	फायकस कॅरिका
Marathi	अंजीर
mrj	Инжир
mwl	figo
Burmese	ကတွတ်ပင်
mzn	انجیل دار
nah	hicoxcuahuitl
nap	fìguere
Norwegian Bokmål	fikentre
Dutch	vijgenboom
Norwegian Nynorsk	fikentre
oc	figuier
oc	figèir
oc	figèira
oc	figier
oc	figiera
oc	figuièr
oc	figuiera
oc	higuèr
oc	figuièra
os	Инжир
os	Легъуибæлас
os	Легъуи
Punjabi	ਅੰਜੀਰ
Polish	figa karyjska
Polish	figa pospolita
Polish	figowiec pospolity
Polish	ficus communis
Punjab	انجیر
Pashto	اينځر
Portuguese	figueira comum
Portuguese	figueira da europa
Portuguese	figueira-da-europa
Portuguese	figo
Portuguese	figueira-comum
Portuguese	brebas
Quechua	higo
Quechua	igu k'aspi
Quechua	igu kaspi
Quechua	higuera
Quechua	igu
Romanian	smochină
Romanian	smochin
Russian	Викус колхидский
Russian	Дерево винноягодное
Russian	Дерево десносмоковное
Russian	Инжир колхидский
Russian	Инжир обыкновенный
Russian	Смирнская ягода
Russian	Смоква
Russian	Смоковница гирканская
Russian	Фиги
Russian	Фикус гирканский
Russian	Фикус карийский
Russian	Фикус карика
Russian	Фига
Russian	Винная ягода
Russian	Фиговые деревья
Russian	Смоковница
Russian	Фиговое дерево
Russian	инжир
sa	प्लाक्षफलम्
sat	ᱞᱚᱣᱟ
sc	figu
scn	ficara
scn	ficu
sco	common feg
sd	انجير
Serbo-Croatian	smokva
Tachelhit	azar
Slovak	figovník obyčajný
Slovenian	smokva
Slovenian	figovec
Slovenian	figa
Slovenian	navadni smokvovec
smn	viigunmuorâ
Albanian	fiku
Serbian	Смокве
Serbian	смоква
su	tin
Swedish	fikonträd
Swedish	fikon
Swahili	tini
Swahili	mtini
Tamil	அத்திப்பழம்
Tamil	அத்திமரம்
Tamil	அத்தி
Tamil	நாட்டு அத்தி
Tamil	வெள்ளை அத்தி
tcy	ಅರ್ತಿ
Telugu	అంజూరము
Telugu	మంచి మేడి
Telugu	అంజూరం
tg	Анҷир
Thai	figs
Thai	figus
Thai	มะเดื่อญี่ปุ่น
Thai	โอ๊ก
Thai	มะเดื่อ
tk	injir
Tonga	fiki kai
Turkish	İncir
udm	Инжир
ug	ئەنجۈر
Ukrainian	Смоква
Ukrainian	Фігове дерево
Ukrainian	Фіга
Ukrainian	Інжир
Urdu	انجیر
Uzbek	anjirgul
Uzbek	anjir
vec	figher
vec	figaro
Vietnamese	sung ngọt
Walloon	fikî ordinaire
wo	xël
xmf	ლუღი
yi	פייג
Yoruba	fig
Chinese	无花果
Chinese	無花果
Chinese	无花果叶
Chinese	无花果根
Chinese	阿驵
Chinese	優曇缽
Chinese	底珍
Chinese	底珍樹
Chinese	映日果
Chinese	無花果樹
Chinese	無花菓
Chinese	阿駔

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Ficus carica subsp. rupestris	(Hausskn. ex Boiss.) Browicz	Fl. Iranica 183: 8 (1982)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Macaronesia
  - Azores
  - Canary Islands
  - Cape Verde
  - Madeira
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad
  - Eritrea
  - Somalia
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Egypt
  - Libya
  - Morocco
  - Tunisia
  - Western Sahara
- West Tropical Africa
  - Niger
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Gulf Of Guinea Islands
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Mauritius
  - Réunion

Antarctica click to expand
- Subantarctic Islands
  - Tristan Da Cunha

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Gulf States
  - Oman
  - Saudi Arabia
  - Yemen
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- China
  - China North-central
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Xinjiang
- Eastern Asia
  - Korea
- Middle Asia
  - Tadzhikistan
  - Turkmenistan
  - Uzbekistan
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan
  - Cyprus
  - East Aegean Islands
  - Iran
  - Iraq
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Sinai
  - Turkey

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Bangladesh
  - India
  - Pakistan
  - West Himalaya
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Nicobar Nicobar

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Norfolk Island
- New Zealand
  - New Zealand North
  - New Zealand South

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Krym
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Great Britain
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Central
  - Mexico Southwest
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Massachusetts
  - New York
- South-central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Arkansas
  - Florida
  - Maryland
  - North Carolina
  - South Carolina
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California

Pacific click to expand
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands
  - Marianas
  - Marshall Islands
  - Wake Island
- South-central Pacific
  - Easter Island
  - Line Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Gilbert Islands
  - Tokelau-manihiki

Southern America click to expand
- Caribbean
  - Bermuda
- Central America
  - El Salvador
- Southern South America
  - Juan Fernández Islands
- Western South America
  - Ecuador
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000687690
UNII	MAW09HMQ3X
Florida Plant Atlas	1747
Flora of Alabama	2677
Canadensys	28709
USDA Plants	FICA
Tropicos	21302044
INPN	98653
Flora of Italy	293
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:852556-1
The Plant List	kew-2809827
Missouri Botanical Garden	282762
PFAF	Ficus carica
Open Tree Of Life	658505
Observations.org	6791
NCBI Taxonomy	3494
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000003823
Nature Serve	2.134667
IUCN Red List	63527
IPNI	852556-1
iNaturalist	60218
GBIF	5361909
Freebase	/m/043nyj
EPPO	FIUCA
EOL	594632
Elurikkus	4761
Calflora (Californian flora)	3592
US Library of Congress	sh85048146
USDA GRIN	16801
Wikipedia	Fig
CMAUP	NPO22234
PaleoBotany	53959

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_042847195.1	FCA_r2.3	Chromosome	Kazusa DNA Research Institute	2024-07-05	118	303.57 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Study of medicinal plants used in ethnoveterinary medical system in riverine areas of Punjab, Pakistan

Umair M, Altaf M, Ahsan T, Bussmann RW, Abbasi AM, Gatasheh MK, Elrobh M

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

07-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11077875
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00686-9
PMID:	38715115

Micropropagation and Genetic Fidelity of Fegra Fig (Ficus palmata Forssk.) and Grafting Compatibility of the Regenerated Plants with Ficus carica

Al-Aizari AA, Dewir YH, Ghazy AH, Al-Doss A, Al-Obeed RS

Plants (Basel)

06-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085510
doi:	10.3390/plants13091278
PMID:	38732493

Unleashing the promise of emerging nanomaterials as a sustainable platform to mitigate antimicrobial resistance

Rahman S, Sadaf S, Hoque ME, Mishra A, Mubarak NM, Malafaia G, Singh J

RSC Adv

01-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11062400
doi:	10.1039/d3ra05816f
PMID:	38694553

Unraveling the diversity and cultural heritage of fruit crops through paleogenomics

Meiri M, Bar-Oz G

Trends Genet

01-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11079635
doi:	10.1016/j.tig.2024.02.003
PMID:	38423916

Natural products for managing metabolic syndrome: a scoping review

Abdulghani MF, Al-Fayyadh S

Front Pharmacol

30-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11091304
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2024.1366946
PMID:	38746011

Prenylated Flavonoids of the Moraceae Family: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Activities

Morante-Carriel J, Živković S, Nájera H, Sellés-Marchart S, Martínez-Márquez A, Martínez-Esteso MJ, Obrebska A, Samper-Herrero A, Bru-Martínez R

Plants (Basel)

27-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085352
doi:	10.3390/plants13091211
PMID:	38732426

The effect of ultrasonic power on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of frosted figs pectin

Deng RX, Zheng YY, Liu DJ, Liu JY, Zhang MN, Xi GY, Song LL, Liu P

Ultrason Sonochem

26-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11081804
doi:	10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106883
PMID:	38703594

Antioxidant Activity and Effectiveness of Fig Extract in Counteracting Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Oxidative Damage in Rats

Kebal L, Djebli N, Pokajewicz K, Mostefa N, Wieczorek PP

Molecules

26-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085187
doi:	10.3390/molecules29091997
PMID:	38731494

Commodity risk assessment of Petunia spp. and Calibrachoa spp. unrooted cuttings from Kenya

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Manda RR, Schulz OM, Akrivou A, Antonatos S, Beris D, Debode J, Kritikos C, Kormpi M, Lacomme C, Manceau C, Papachristos D, Reppa C, Gardi C, Potting R

EFSA J

25-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11044013
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8742
PMID:	38665158

Plant cultural indicators of forest resources from the Himalayan high mountains: implications for improving agricultural resilience, subsistence, and forest restoration

Haq SM, Khoja AA, Waheed M, Pieroni A, Siddiqui MH, Bussmann RW

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

24-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11040985
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00685-w
PMID:	38659048

Ethnobotanical assessment of antidiabetic medicinal plants in District Karak, Pakistan

Nazar A, Adnan M, Shah SM, Bari A, Ullah R, Tariq A, Ahmad N

BMC Complement Med Ther

24-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11040872
doi:	10.1186/s12906-024-04462-w
PMID:	38658923

Pest categorisation of Crisicoccus seruratus

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Grégoire J, Malumphy C, Antonatos S, Kertesz V, Papachristos D, Sfyra O, MacLeod A

EFSA J

22-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11033835
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8740
PMID:	38650611

Dietary supplementation of Chinese herbal medicines enhances the immune response and resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus

Wang Q, Pan Y, Huang J, Li Y, Wu S, Zhao L, Sun T, Kang Y, Liu Z

Front Vet Sci

17-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11062137
doi:	10.3389/fvets.2024.1341920
PMID:	38694480

Ethnobotanical survey on herbal remedies for the management of type 2 diabetes in the Casablanca-Settat region, Morocco

Arraji M, Al Wachami N, Boumendil K, Chebabe M, Mochhoury L, Laamiri FZ, Barkaoui M, Chahboune M

BMC Complement Med Ther

15-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11017650
doi:	10.1186/s12906-024-04468-4
PMID:	38622669

Transcriptomic and targeted metabolomic analyses provide insights into the flavonoids biosynthesis in the flowers of Lonicera macranthoides

Lv LL, Li LY, Xiao LQ, Pi JH

BMC Biotechnol

12-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11015657
doi:	10.1186/s12896-024-00846-5
PMID:	38609923

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines
N-Methyl hernangerin	497829	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC3=C(C4=C2C1CC5=C4C(=C(C=C5)O)OC)OCO3	325.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters
1,2-Benzenedi(carboxylic-14C)acid, dibutyl ester	171810	Click to see CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC	282.33	unknown	via CMAUP database
Diethyl Phthalate	6781	Click to see	222.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Diisobutyl phthalate	6782	Click to see	278.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives
Benzaldehyde	240	Click to see	106.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyl alcohols
Benzyl Alcohol	244	Click to see	108.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00292-6
> Benzenoids / Indanes / Indanones
5,6,7-Trimethoxy-1-indanone	610210	Click to see	222.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Indenes and isoindenes
1-Methylene-1H-indene	75581	Click to see	128.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers
3-[4-[(3-Chlorophenyl)methoxy]phenyl]-5-(methoxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one	5259765	Click to see	347.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles
Anethole, (Z)-	1549040	Click to see CC=CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC	148.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
Estragole	8815	Click to see	148.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Cresols / Ortho cresols
2,3-Dimethylphenol	10687	Click to see CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)O)C	122.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
2-Deuterio-6-methoxyphenol	10725347	Click to see COC1=CC=CC=C1O	125.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
Eugenol	3314	Click to see	164.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00292-6
Guaiacol	460	Click to see	124.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
(111C)pentadecane	450704	Click to see	211.42	unknown	via CMAUP database
Heptacosane	11636	Click to see	380.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Nonadecane	12401	Click to see	268.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Tetracosane-d50	27870	Click to see	389.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes / Branched alkanes
2,3-Dimethyldecane	86544	Click to see	170.33	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons
4-Methyl-1,4-heptadiene	5362810	Click to see CCC=C(C)CC=C	110.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cyclopentene, 1-ethyl-2-methyl-	88243	Click to see	110.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Enynes
Dec-3-en-1-yne	137722	Click to see CCCCCCC=CC#C	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Olefins / Acyclic olefins / Alkadienes
Tetradeca-1,13-diene	30875	Click to see C=CCCCCCCCCCCC=C	194.36	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters
Butyl butyrate	7983	Click to see	144.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ethyl palmitate	12366	Click to see	284.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Acyl carnitines
Heptadecanoyl carnitine	53477803	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CC(=O)[O-])C[N+](C)(C)C	413.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Fatty acid methyl esters
methyl (114C)hexadecanoate	10378565	Click to see	272.44	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl Laurate	8139	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC	214.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
Npc124165	5367325	Click to see	264.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
(Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid	5312414	Click to see CCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O	254.41	unknown	via CMAUP database
Arachidate	5461017	Click to see	311.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Myristate	4075158	Click to see	227.36	unknown	via CMAUP database
Octadecanoate	3033836	Click to see	283.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pentadecanoic Acid	13849	Click to see	242.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids
(3E,9E)-undeca-3,9-dienoic acid	52914864	Click to see CC=CCCCCC=CCC(=O)O	182.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-Methylhexanoic Acid	20653	Click to see	130.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
Dodecanoate	4149208	Click to see	199.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
Nonanoic Acid	8158	Click to see CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	158.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
1,22-Docosanediol	347359	Click to see	342.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-Ethylhexan-1-ol	7720	Click to see CCCCC(CC)CO	130.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols / Long-chain fatty alcohols
(114C)heptadecan-1-ol	10015395	Click to see	258.46	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty aldehydes
1-Deuteriohexadecan-1-one	10776503	Click to see	241.43	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Elaidolinolenic acid	5282822	Click to see	278.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Linoleic Acid	5280450	Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	280.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl all-trans-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate	5367462	Click to see	292.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl linolelaidate	5362793	Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC	294.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Acyclic diterpenoids
Phytane	12523	Click to see CCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C	282.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pristane	15979	Click to see	268.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Citral	638011	Click to see	152.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Linalool	6549	Click to see	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00292-6 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00071A013
Linalool, (-)-	443158	Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
Myrcene	31253	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00071A013
Neral	643779	Click to see	152.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Nerol	643820	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
Menthofuran	329983	Click to see	150.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(+-)-alpha-Pinene	6654	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00071A013
beta-Bergamotene	6427473	Click to see CC(=CCCC1(C2CCC(=C)C1C2)C)C	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sabinene	18818	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00071A013
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
Alpha-Terpineol	17100	Click to see	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Monocyclic monoterpenoids
2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-benzoquinone	12867	Click to see	220.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cyclopropanemethanol, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-, acetate, trans-	91710959	Click to see	196.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(4Z)-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylidenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene	5322111	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
beta-Farnesene	5281517	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=C)C=C)C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00071A013
Caryophyllene,alpha + beta mixt.	5354499	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00292-6
delta-Cadinene	441005	Click to see	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
Farnesene	5281516	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00071A013
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Aromadendrane sesquiterpenoids / 5,10-cycloaromadendrane sesquiterpenoids
(+)-Aromadendrene	11095734	Click to see CC1CCC2C1C3C(C3(C)C)CCC2=C	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids
(S,1Z,6Z)-8-Isopropyl-1-methyl-5-methylenecyclodeca-1,6-diene	91723653	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00292-6
Germacrene D	5317570	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00292-6
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol	44586882	Click to see	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,11aR,11bR,13aS)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-propan-2-yl-3,4,5,6,7,7a,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-dodecahydro-2H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-one	17751023	Click to see	424.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3beta,13alpha,14beta)-13-Methyl-26-norurs-7-en-3-ol	111220	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.06.025
[(1S,3aR,5aR,5bS,7aR,9S,11aS,11bR,13aS,13bS)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl] acetate	11908310	Click to see	468.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Bauerenol	287684	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C4=CCC5C(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2C1C)C)C)O)(C)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962522 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00127-2
Beta-Amyrin	73145	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
beta-Amyrine	15942855	Click to see	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Lupeol Acetate	92157	Click to see	468.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962522 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00127-2
Maslinic acid methyl ester	13653327	Click to see	486.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00127-2
Methyl maslinate	3082208	Click to see	486.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00127-2
Oleanolic Acid	10494	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00127-2 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962522
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cycloartanols and derivatives
24-Methylene-9beta,19-cyclo-lanostan-3beta-ol	9547213	Click to see	440.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962522
24-Methylenecycloartanol	94204	Click to see	440.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962522 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.06.025
3beta-24-Methylenecycloartan-3-ol	544165	Click to see	440.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962522
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.06.025
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoate	14101633	Click to see	839.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000592Z
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl octadecanoate	53326868	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(C4CC=C3C2)CCC5C(C)CCC(CC)C(C)C)C)C)O)O)O	843.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000592Z
[6-[[17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl octadec-9-enoate	73228428	Click to see	841.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000592Z
[6-[[17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate	75072327	Click to see	839.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000592Z
CID 13051622	13051622	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(C4CC=C3C2)CCC5C(C)CCC(CC)C(C)C)C)C)O)O)O	815.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000592Z
CID 16058264	16058264	Click to see CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(C4CC=C3C2)CCC5C(C)CCC(CC)C(C)C)C)C)O)O)O	841.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000592Z
Sitoindoside I	9832350	Click to see	815.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000592Z
ST 29:1;O;Hex;FA 18:0	76011765	Click to see	843.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000592Z
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carbothioic S-acids
pentadecanethioic S-acid	18413781	Click to see	258.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Proline and derivatives
(2S)-pyrrolidinium-2-carboxylate	6971047	Click to see	115.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acid derivatives / Carboxylic acid esters / Enol esters
[(1E)-2,6-dimethylhepta-1,5-dienyl] acetate	24832062	Click to see	182.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids
Hydron;acetate	21980959	Click to see [H+].CC(=O)[O-]	60.05	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
(E)-but-2-enedioate;hydron	21883788	Click to see [H+].[H+].C(=CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-]	116.07	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Organic phosphonic acids and derivatives / Phosphonic acid diesters / Dialkyl alkylphosphonates
Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate	3073	Click to see	180.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / N-arylamides
4-((5-Bromo-2-pyridinyl)amino)-4-oxobutanoic acid	647833	Click to see	273.08	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567043
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Polyols / 1,2-diols
(2R,3R)-Butanediol	225936	Click to see	90.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Tertiary alcohols
Linalool oxide (5-ring)	102611	Click to see	170.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00292-6
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Cyanogenic glycosides
3-Methyl-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutanenitrile	4479450	Click to see	261.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
GlyTouCan:G94390VI	871	Click to see	504.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598339
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Acyloins
Acetoin	179	Click to see	88.11	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Aryl-aldehydes
1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolecarboxaldehyde	579338	Click to see	123.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
Furfural	7362	Click to see C1=COC(=C1)C=O	96.08	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Medium-chain aldehydes
Decanal	8175	Click to see	156.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Heptanal	8130	Click to see	114.19	unknown	via CMAUP database
Nonanal	31289	Click to see CCCCCCCCC=O	142.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
trans-2-Hexenal	5281168	Click to see	98.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aryl ketones / Aryl alkyl ketones
2-Acetylpyrrole	14079	Click to see	109.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones
1-Acetylcyclohexene	13612	Click to see	124.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organohalogen compounds / Organobromides
1-Bromotriacontane	521082	Click to see	501.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / 2,2-dimethyl-1-benzopyrans
1-(6-Acetyl-2,2-dimethylchromen-8-yl)-3-methylbutan-1-one	5316266	Click to see	286.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indoles
Indole	798	Click to see	117.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00292-6
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxanes
(-)-2,6,6-Trimethyl-2(R)-vinyltetrahydropyran-5-one	101607907	Click to see CC1(C(=O)CCC(O1)(C)C=C)C	168.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3R,6R)-6-ethenyl-2,2,6-trimethyloxan-3-ol	6428574	Click to see CC1(C(CCC(O1)(C)C=C)O)C	170.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2R)-oxan-2-yl]methanol	7057982	Click to see	116.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
2H-Pyran-3-ol, 6-ethenyltetrahydro-2,2,6-trimethyl-, 3-acetate, (3R,6R)-rel-	21116838	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC(OC1(C)C)(C)C=C	212.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrans / Pyranones and derivatives
Mesitene lactone	12662	Click to see	124.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydrofurans
2-Furanol, 5-ethenyltetrahydro-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-	111405	Click to see	170.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
Lilac aldehyde	155007	Click to see	168.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydroisoquinolines
Spiro[7H-indeno[4,5-d]-1,3-dioxole-7,1'(2'H)-isoquinolin]-8-ol, 3',4',6,8-tetrahydro-6',7'-dimethoxy-2'-methyl-, trans-(-)-	609998	Click to see	369.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamaldehydes
3-Phenylprop-2-Enal	307	Click to see	132.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00292-6
Cinnamaldehyde	637511	Click to see	132.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00292-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamyl alcohols
3-Phenylprop-2-En-1-Ol	308	Click to see	134.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00292-6
Cinnamyl Alcohol	5315892	Click to see	134.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00292-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives
(Z)-6-(2-Methoxyvinyl)-7-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one	5319497	Click to see	216.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Aflatoxins / Difurocoumarocyclopentenones
(3R,7S)-11-methoxy-6,8,19-trioxapentacyclo[10.7.0.02,9.03,7.013,17]nonadeca-1,4,9,11,13(17)-pentaene-16,18-dione	15558489	Click to see	312.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
Aflatoxin B2	2724360	Click to see	314.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Aflatoxins / Difurocoumarolactones
Aflatoxin G1	2724361	Click to see	328.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Angular furanocoumarins
Isopsoralen	10658	Click to see	186.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00292-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens
4',5'-Dihydropsoralen	151467	Click to see	188.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.06.025
Marmesin	334704	Click to see CC(C)(C1CC2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2)C=CC(=O)O3)O	246.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.06.025
Psoralen	6199	Click to see	186.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1246/BCSJ.11.389 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00127-2 https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1984.TB00164.X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens / 5-methoxypsoralens
Bergapten	2355	Click to see COC1=C2C=CC(=O)OC2=CC3=C1C=CO3	216.19	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00292-6 https://doi.org/10.1246/BCSJ.11.389 https://doi.org/10.5840/TPM201675120 https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0536.1984.TB00164.X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
Umbelliferone	5281426	Click to see C1=CC(=CC2=C1C=CC(=O)O2)O	162.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.06.025
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin	5280443	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1556/AALIM.31.2002.1.7
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanidin 3-O-p-coumaroyl glycosides / Anthocyanidin 3-O-6-p-coumaroyl glycosides
[(3S,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	91417365	Click to see	595.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-3-O-glycosides
Kuromanin	441667	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	449.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.06.025
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	138454316	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)C2=C3C(=C(C(=C2O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)C(=O)C=C(O3)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O	564.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1985-1-204
Isoschaftoside	3084995	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)C2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=O)C=C(O3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	564.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1985-1-204
Schaftoside	442658	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)C2=C3C(=C(C(=C2O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)C(=O)C=C(O3)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O	564.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1985-1-204
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one	51402807	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1985-1-204
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	125528541	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2008.06.025
Astragalin	5282102	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1985-1-204
Kaempferol-3-O-Rutinoside	5318767	Click to see	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1985-1-204
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/J39660001140 https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1985-1-204
Vitamin P	5293655	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/J39660001140
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Pyranoisoflavonoids
Psoralenol	5320772	Click to see	338.40	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Ficus carica

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