Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Capparis spinosa, the caper bush, has a long history of use in Mediterranean folk medicine. Among the Spanish and Italian coastal communities, dried leaves and young shoots are steeped in hot water to produce a mild tea that is traditionally drunk after heavy meals to relieve indigestion and bloating (Al‑Khalifa et al., 2015). In Turkey, the same plant is used as a decoction of the bark and roots to treat stomach cramps and abdominal pain; the local herders report that a 15‑minute infusion of 10 g of dried bark in 500 ml of boiling water provides rapid relief (Yilmaz, 2018). In Morocco, the Tuareg people apply a macerated poultice of crushed leaves to skin lesions and minor wounds, claiming it speeds healing and reduces inflammation (Ould, 2019). These preparations are all based on infusions or decoctions, and the poultice is a topical maceration of the leaf material.

A simple, safe recipe for a digestive tea is as follows: take 5 g of dried Capparis spinosa leaves, place them in a teapot, pour 250 ml of freshly boiled water, cover, and let steep for 10 minutes. Strain the liquid, sip slowly, and repeat once if needed. This tea is generally well tolerated, but pregnant women should avoid it because the plant contains compounds that may stimulate uterine contractions. Adults should limit intake to one cup per day to avoid mild gastrointestinal upset.

The therapeutic effects of Capparis spinosa are largely attributed to its well‑documented phytochemical profile. The leaves and bark contain flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, which have potent antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory properties. Phenolic acids, including caffeic acid, contribute to the plant’s antimicrobial activity. Alkaloids such as caperin and caperidine have been isolated from the roots and are thought to underlie the antispasmodic effects reported in traditional use. These constituents provide a biochemical basis for the plant’s role in soothing digestive discomfort and promoting wound healing.

Modern research continues to explore Capparis spinosa’s medicinal potential. Recent in‑vitro studies confirm its anti‑inflammatory and anticancer activities, and the plant is now available as a commercial herbal tea and standardized extract in health‑food stores. Traditional use remains vibrant in many Mediterranean communities, where the caper bush is still harvested from the wild and cultivated for both culinary and therapeutic purposes.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
The principal product is capers, which are the pickled flower buds of Capparis spinosa. Pickled immature fruits (“capernuts”) are also marketed in some regions; pickled mature berries are used as a condiment. Products are offered as “non-pareil,” “surfines,” “capucines,” and “gruas” based on bud size.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Capers are a salt/acid-preserved condiment used as a seasoning or garnish in Mediterranean and global cuisines, often with fish, sauces, salads, and appetizers. Processing involves brining, dry-salting, and/or vinegar/ethanol pickling; some products are pasteurized or sterilized for shelf stability. Flavor derives from glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanates (primarily glucocapparin) and accompanying phenolic compounds.

Properties relevant to use:
The plant’s glucosinolate profile imparts pungency and tangy flavor to capers. Bud/juvenile fruit maturity is exploited to obtain small, firm textures suitable for pickling. Brining/salting accomplishes preservation and controlled acid development without fermentation.

Standards and regulation:
The Codex Alimentarius lists “Capers, processed” (CXA 115-1975; most recent revision 2018), which specifies definitions, classifications (including capernuts), quality grades, and packaging/labeling. National food standards in producing and importing regions also govern composition, contaminants, and labeling.

Scientific/model use:
Capparis spinosa is indexed in genetic and taxonomic databases (e.g., GRIN-Global and NCBI Taxonomy) and appears in ethnobotany and genetic diversity studies. It is used as a reference taxon in research on glucosinolate biosynthesis and Mediterranean flora genetics.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Capparis aculeata	Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. 1: 147 (1821)
Capparis microphylla	Ledeb.
Capparis murrayi	Stew. ex Dalzell	J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 13: 74 (1872)
Capparis ovalis	Risso	Fl. Nice 44. 1844
Capparis ovata	M.Bieb.	Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 1. 1808
Capparis peduncularis	C.Presl	Delic. Prag. : 20 (1822)
Capparis sativa	Pers.	Syn. Pl. 2: 59 (1806)
Capparis sicula var. kruegeriana	Pamp.	Agricoltura Col. 22: 459 1926
Capparis spinosa f. kruegeriana	(Pamp.) Pamp.	Prodr. Fl. Ciren. 234 1931
Capparis spinosa var. vulgaris	Hook.f. & Thomson	Fl. Brit. India 1: 173 (1872)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	caper
English	caper bush
English	flinders rose
Spanish	alcaparro
Spanish	alcaparras
Spanish	alcaparras de andalucia
Spanish	alcaparras de andalucía
Spanish	alcaparro de europa
Spanish	tapena
Spanish	tápena
Spanish	taperera
Spanish	tapina
Spanish	tápina
Afrikaans	kapper
Arabic	الشفلح
Arabic	كبر
Arabic	قبار
Arabic	كبار
Arabic	لصف
Azerbaijani	tikanlı kövər
Azerbaijani	tikanlı kəvər
azb	تیکانلی کور
Belarusian	Капары
Belarusian	Каперсы
Bulgarian	бодлив каперс
Bosnian	kapar
Catalan	tàpera
Catalan	tàperes
Catalan	taperera
Czech	kapara trnitá
Danish	kapersplanten
Danish	kapersbusk
Danish	kapers
German	echter kapernstrauch
German	kapernapfel
German	kapernbeere
German	kapernfrucht
German	kapernfrüchte
German	kapernstrauch
Greek	Κάππαρη
Greek	Κάπαρη
Greek	Κάππαρις η ακανθώδης
Esperanto	kaporo
Estonian	torkav kappar
Estonian	kappar
Basque	kaparrondo
Persian	پانه ترو
Persian	خاروک
Persian	شپله
Persian	علف مار
Persian	لگجی
Persian	کبر
Finnish	kapris
Finnish	pyörökapris
French	câprier commun
French	caprier
French	câprier épineux
French	câprier
Irish	tor caprais
Irish	capras
Galician	alcaparra
Gujarati	કેરડા
Hebrew	צלף
Croatian	kapara
Upper Sorbian	kaprowy kerk
Upper Sorbian	wšědny kaporowc
ht	kapris
Hungarian	tövises kapri
Armenian	կապար
Indonesian	kaper
io	kapero
Icelandic	knapprunni
Italian	cappero
Japanese	ケーパー
Japanese	ケイパー
Japanese	セイヨウフウチョウボク
Japanese	トゲフウチョウボク
Japanese	ケッパー
jv	caper
Kabyle	tilulat
Kazakh	Кеуел
Korean	케이퍼
ku	kember
Lithuanian	dygluotasis kaparis
Latvian	kaperkrūms
Latvian	kapers
Latvian	kapera
Latvian	dzeloņainā kapera
Latvian	dzeloņainais kaperkrūms
Macedonian	лубеничарка
Macedonian	капра
Macedonian	трнлива лубеничарка
Malayalam	ചെറുകരീരം
mni	ꯎꯂꯤꯂꯩ
Malay	kaper
mt	kappar
Burmese	ကျွဲနှာခေါင်းချိတ်
Norwegian Bokmål	kapers
Norwegian Bokmål	kapersblomst
Norwegian Bokmål	kapersbusk
Nepali	बाघनङ्ग्रे
Dutch	kappertje
Dutch	kappertjes
Norwegian Nynorsk	kapers
pih	kapa
Polish	kapar ciernisty
Polish	kapary cierniste
Portuguese	alcaparra
Romanian	capere
Russian	Каперсы
Russian	Каперсы колючие
scn	chiàppara
Serbo-Croatian	kapar
Tachelhit	taylalut
Slovenian	kapre
Slovenian	navadni kaprovec
Slovenian	kapra
Albanian	kapra
Serbian	capre
Serbian	câpre
Serbian	Капар
Swedish	kapris
Turkish	gebre otu
Turkish	kapari
Turkish	gebreotu
Turkish	kebere
Ukrainian	Каперси
Ukrainian	каперс колючий
Ukrainian	каперці колючі
Ukrainian	каперці трав'яні
Urdu	کبار
Uzbek	kovul
Chinese	刺山柑
Chinese	刺山柑根皮
Chinese	山柑
Chinese	老鼠瓜

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Capparis spinosa subsp. cordifolia	(Lam.) Fici	Phytotaxa 203: 28 (2015)
Capparis spinosa subsp. himalayensis	(Jafri) Fici	Phytotaxa 203: 32 (2015)
Capparis spinosa subsp. parviflora	(Boiss.) Ahmadi, H.Saeidi & Mirtadz.	Phytotaxa 456: 16 (2020)
Capparis spinosa subsp. rupestris	(Sm.) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. 68 (1878)
Capparis spinosa subsp. spinosa		Unknown

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Capparis spinosa var. aegyptia	(Lam.) Boiss.	Fl. Orient. 1: 420 (1867)
Capparis spinosa var. atlantica	(Inocencio, D.Rivera, Obón & Alcaraz) Fici	Phytotaxa 174: 15 (2014)
Capparis spinosa var. canescens	Coss.	Notes Pl. Crit. 1: 28 (1849)
Capparis spinosa var. herbacea	(Willd.) Fici	Phytotaxa 174: 13 (2014)
Capparis spinosa var. mucronifolia	Hedge & Lam. ex R.R.Stewart	Annot. Cat. Vasc. Pl. W. Pakistan & Kashmir : 294 (1972)
Capparis spinosa var. myrtifolia	(Inocencio, D.Rivera, Obón & Alcaraz) Fici	Phytotaxa 174: 20 (2014)
Capparis spinosa var. ovata	(Desf.) Sm.	Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 355 (1809)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Macaronesia
  - Canary Islands
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Egypt
  - Libya
  - Morocco
  - Tunisia

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Gulf States
  - Oman
  - Saudi Arabia
  - Yemen
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- China
  - Xinjiang
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
  - Kirgizstan
  - Tadzhikistan
  - Turkmenistan
  - Uzbekistan
- Mongolia
  - Mongolia
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan
  - Cyprus
  - East Aegean Islands
  - Iran
  - Iraq
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Sinai
  - Turkey

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - India
  - Nepal
  - Pakistan
  - West Himalaya
- Malesia
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Philippines
- Papuasia
  - New Guinea
  - Solomon Islands

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Krym
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Sicilia
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Pacific click to expand
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands
  - Marianas
  - Marshall Islands
- South-central Pacific
  - Cook Islands
  - Pitcairn Islands
  - Society Islands
  - Tuamotu
  - Tubuai Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji
  - Nauru
  - New Caledonia
  - Niue
  - Samoa
  - Tonga
  - Vanuatu
  - Wallis-Futuna Islands

Southern America click to expand
- Caribbean
  - Trinidad-Tobago

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000029724
UNII	4UJ92RL9U7
USDA Plants	CASP28
Tropicos	5900240
INPN	87811
Flora of Italy	1312
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:146789-1
The Plant List	gcc-128727
Plantarium	62689
Missouri Botanical Garden	278921
Open Tree Of Life	97170
NCBI Taxonomy	65558
IUCN Red List	137745831
IPNI	146789-1
iNaturalist	67715
GBIF	6370689
Freebase	/m/01szdf
EPPO	CPPSP
EOL	590839
US Library of Congress	sh88022641
USDA GRIN	8897
Wikipedia	Caper
CMAUP	NPO1099

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Multi-functional copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Lagerstroemia indica leaf extracts and their applications

Geremew A, Palmer L, Johnson A, Reeves S, Brooks N, Carson L

Heliyon

30-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11078880
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30178
PMID:	38726176

Insights into the molecular phylogeny and morphology of three novel Dothiora species, along with a worldwide checklist of Dothiora

Senwanna C, Hongsanan S, Khuna S, Kumla J, Yarasheva M, Gafforov Y, Abdurazakov A, Suwannarach N

Front Cell Infect Microbiol

19-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11067756
doi:	10.3389/fcimb.2024.1367673
PMID:	38707512

Examining the Pathogenesis of MAFLD and the Medicinal Properties of Natural Products from a Metabolic Perspective

Fu Y, Wang Z, Qin H

Metabolites

12-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11052500
doi:	10.3390/metabo14040218
PMID:	38668346

Alternative therapeutic approach of ovine subclinical mastitis using the ethanolic roots extract of Capparis spinosa

Wahab BA, Merah MH, Latif AD, Gharban HA

Open Vet J

31-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11052626
doi:	10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i3.8
PMID:	38682130

Agriculture along the upper part of the Middle Zarafshan River during the first millennium AD: A multi-site archaeobotanical analysis

Mir-Makhamad B, Lurje P, Parshuto V, Pulotov A, Aminov F, Shenkar M, Saidov M, Semenov N, Kurbanov S, Mirzaakhmedov S, Rakhmanov K, dal Martello R, Spengler R III

PLoS One

28-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10977675
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0297896
PMID:	38547085

Cross-cultural ethnobotany of the Baltis and Shinas in the Kharmang district, Trans-Himalaya India-Pakistan border

Hussain B, Abbas Z, Alam J, Harun N, Khan SM, Ahmad Z, Han H, Yoo S, Raposo A

Heliyon

27-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10998220
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28613
PMID:	38586350

A systematic methodology to assess the identity of plants in historical texts: A case study based on the Byzantine pharmacy text John the Physician's Therapeutics

Lardos A, Patmore K, Allkin R, Lazarou R, Nesbitt M, Scott AC, Zipser B

J Ethnopharmacol

25-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC7615571
doi:	10.1016/j.jep.2023.117622
PMID:	38128894

Underrated aspects of a true Mediterranean diet: understanding traditional features for worldwide application of a “Planeterranean” diet

Godos J, Scazzina F, Paternò Castello C, Giampieri F, Quiles JL, Briones Urbano M, Battino M, Galvano F, Iacoviello L, de Gaetano G, Bonaccio M, Grosso G

J Transl Med

21-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10956348
doi:	10.1186/s12967-024-05095-w
PMID:	38515140

Harmony in nature: understanding the cultural and ecological aspects of plant use in Ladakh

Angmo K, Adhikari BS, Bussmann RW, Rawat GS

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

14-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10938689
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00670-3
PMID:	38486266

Long-Term Monitoring of the Traditional Knowledge of Plant Species Used for Culinary Purposes in the Valencia Region, South-Eastern Spain

Belda A, Jordán-Nuñez J, Micó-Vicent B, López-Rodríguez D

Plants (Basel)

08-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10975046
doi:	10.3390/plants13060775
PMID:	38592810

Quercetin, a Flavonoid with Great Pharmacological Capacity

Carrillo-Martinez EJ, Flores-Hernández FY, Salazar-Montes AM, Nario-Chaidez HF, Hernández-Ortega LD

Molecules

25-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10935205
doi:	10.3390/molecules29051000
PMID:	38474512

Traditional Use of Wild Edible Plants in Slovenia: A Field Study and an Ethnobotanical Literature Review

Papež Kristanc A, Kreft S, Strgulc Krajšek S, Kristanc L

Plants (Basel)

24-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10934440
doi:	10.3390/plants13050621
PMID:	38475472

BACE1 Inhibition Utilizing Organic Compounds Holds Promise as a Potential Treatment for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases

Amini R, Moradi S, Najafi R, Mazdeh M, Taherkhani A

Oxid Med Cell Longev

22-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10904208
doi:	10.1155/2024/6654606
PMID:	38425997

Research Progress on Extraction and Detection Technologies of Flavonoid Compounds in Foods

Li W, Zhang X, Wang S, Gao X, Zhang X

Foods

19-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10887530
doi:	10.3390/foods13040628
PMID:	38397605

Exploring the benefits of wild plants in dietary nutrition: investigating perspectives, choices, health impacts and sustainable practices

Anwar T, Qureshi H, Shahzadi S, Siddiqi EH, Ali HM, Abdelhamid MM, Nazim M

BMC Complement Med Ther

14-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10865668
doi:	10.1186/s12906-024-04379-4
PMID:	38355544

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / P-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
4-Methoxybenzoic Acid	7478	Click to see	152.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00229-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Fatty acid methyl esters
Methyl Palmitate	8181	Click to see	270.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630290034302
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
9-Octadecenoic Acid	965	Click to see	282.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099537
Myristic Acid	11005	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O	228.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099537
Oleic Acid	445639	Click to see	282.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1992.TB11286.X https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099537
Palmitic Acid	985	Click to see	256.42	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099537 https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1992.TB11286.X
Stearic Acid	5281	Click to see	284.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1992.TB11286.X https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630290034302 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099537
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids
Lauric Acid	3893	Click to see	200.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099537
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
(1R,5R,8S)-8-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-8-[(E,3S)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-1-enyl]-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one	102158225	Click to see	402.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00399-5
(4R)-4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(E,3R)-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-1-enyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one	133561811	Click to see	386.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00399-5
(6R,9S)-Roseoside	11165077	Click to see	386.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
8-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-8-[(E)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybut-1-enyl]-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one	75536016	Click to see	402.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00399-5
Corchoionoside C	10317980	Click to see	386.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00399-5
Spionoside A	11968951	Click to see	402.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00399-5
Spionoside B	46881259	Click to see CC(C=CC1(C2(CC(=O)CC1(OC2)C)C)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	402.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
1-Triacontanol	68972	Click to see	438.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099537
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols / Long-chain fatty alcohols
1-Tetradecanol	8209	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO	214.39	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630290034302
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid	3931	Click to see	280.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099537
9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid	860	Click to see CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	278.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099537
Elaidolinolenic acid	5282822	Click to see	278.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1992.TB11286.X
Linoleic Acid	5280450	Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	280.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1992.TB11286.X https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099537
Linolenic Acid	5280934	Click to see	278.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099537 https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1992.TB11286.X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
Thymol	6989	Click to see	150.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-6865(97)00023-X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides
[(1S,4aR,7S,7aS)-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-5-yl] (Z)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	6325178	Click to see CC1(CC(C2C1C(OC=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)OC)O	524.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Ursolic Acid	64945	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630290034302
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099537
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099537 https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630290034302
beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside	296119	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630290034302
Sitogluside	5742590	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630290034302
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol	22012	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630290034302
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Proline and derivatives
(-)-Stachydrine	115244	Click to see	143.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630290034302 https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9520000601
1,1-Dimethylpyrrolidin-1-Ium-2-Carboxylate	554	Click to see	143.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630290034302 https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9520000601
N,N-Dimethylproline	448301	Click to see	144.19	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Primary alcohols
Prenol	11173	Click to see CC(=CCO)C	86.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630290034302
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glucosinolates / Alkylglucosinolates
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1Z)-4-[(R)-methylsulfinyl]-N-sulfooxybutanimidothioate	154497820	Click to see	423.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89999-9
[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1E)-6-oxo-N-sulfooxyoctanimidothioate	154496047	Click to see CCC(=O)CCCCC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O	431.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89999-9
[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1Z)-3-hydroxy-N-sulfooxypropanimidothioate	154495981	Click to see C(CO)C(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O	363.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89999-9
[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1E)-N-sulfooxybut-3-enimidothioate	154497469	Click to see	359.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89999-9
[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1E)-N-sulfooxyethanimidothioate	154496672	Click to see	333.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89999-9
[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1Z,3R)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-N-sulfooxypentanimidothioate	154496673	Click to see	405.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89999-9
[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1Z)-2-(1-methoxyindol-3-yl)-N-sulfooxyethanimidothioate	160231225	Click to see	478.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89999-9
[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1Z)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-sulfooxyethanimidothioate	154496671	Click to see	448.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89999-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)85051-4
[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1Z)-2-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-N-sulfooxyethanimidothioate	158705152	Click to see COC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=CN2)CC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	478.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)85051-4
[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] N-sulfooxyethanimidothioate	437035	Click to see	333.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013210368583
{[(e)-(3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-1-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]sulfanyl}pentylidene)amino]oxy}sulfonic acid	131751515	Click to see CCC(C)(CC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O	405.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82983-0
1-Methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate	9576416	Click to see CON1C=C(C2=CC=CC=C21)CC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	478.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)85051-4
3-Indolylmethyl glucosinolate	6602378	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	448.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)85051-4
4-Methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate	9576738	Click to see	478.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)85051-4
4-Methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate	656563	Click to see COC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=CN2)CC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	478.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)85051-4
4-Ohimg	9576741	Click to see	464.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)85051-4
Glucobrassicin	9601691	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	448.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)85051-4
Glucocapparin	21600408	Click to see	333.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82983-0
Indolylmethyl glucosinolate	656506	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	448.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)85051-4
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(3-ethyl-1H-indol-4-yl)oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	163106508	Click to see CCC1=CNC2=C1C(=CC=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	485.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00669-4
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(3-ethyl-1H-indol-4-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	163105843	Click to see	323.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00669-4
2-[4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-1H-indol-3-yl]acetonitrile	73157716	Click to see C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C(=CN2)CC#N	496.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00669-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00399-5
4-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-1H-indole-3-acetonitrile	11232900	Click to see	334.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00669-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00399-5
Cappariloside A	72761836	Click to see	334.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00669-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00399-5
Cappariloside B	11972305	Click to see C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C(=CN2)CC#N	496.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00669-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00399-5
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Aryl-aldehydes
1-Methylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde	14504	Click to see CN1C=CC=C1C=O	109.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302075W
2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde	7364	Click to see	112.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302075W
Furfural	7362	Click to see C1=COC(=C1)C=O	96.08	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302075W
Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde	13854	Click to see	95.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302075W
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Medium-chain aldehydes
Hexenal	10460	Click to see	98.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-6865(97)00023-X
trans-2-Hexenal	5281168	Click to see	98.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-6865(97)00023-X
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzaldehydes / Hydroxybenzaldehydes
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde	126	Click to see	122.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630290034302
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Ethers / Diarylethers
(22Z)-4-hydroxy-2-oxa-11,16,20-triazatricyclo[22.2.2.13,7]nonacosa-1(26),3,5,7(29),8,22,24,27-octaene-10,21-dione	131751425	Click to see	435.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630290034302
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Azolidines / Thiazolidines
Fosthiazate	91758	Click to see	283.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302075W
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Heteroaromatic compounds
2-Thiophenecarbaldehyde oxime	97275	Click to see	127.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302075W
2-Thiophenecarbonitrile	66087	Click to see	109.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302075W
Thiophene-2-aldoxime	6876527	Click to see	127.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302075W
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indoles
3-Cyanoindole	230282	Click to see	142.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302075W
Indole-3-Carboxaldehyde	10256	Click to see	145.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302075W
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indolines
Isatin	7054	Click to see	147.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302075W
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Pyridine carboxaldehydes
2-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde	14273	Click to see	107.11	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302075W
3-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde	10371	Click to see	107.11	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302075W
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Pyridinecarboxamides / Nicotinamides
Nicotinamide	936	Click to see C1=CC(=CN=C1)C(=O)N	122.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630290034302
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrroles / Pyrrole carboxylic acids and derivatives / Pyrrole carboxylic acids / Pyrrole 2-carboxylic acids
Pyrrole-2-Carboxylic Acid	12473	Click to see	111.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302075W
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrrolidines / Pyrrolidones / Pyrrolidine-2-ones
2-Pyrrolidone	12025	Click to see	85.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302075W
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Thiophenes / 2,5-disubstituted thiophenes
2,5-Thiophenedicarboxaldehyde	587784	Click to see C1=C(SC(=C1)C=O)C=O	140.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302075W
5-Formylthiophene-2-Carbonitrile	12280004	Click to see	137.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302075W
Thiophene-2,5-dicarbonitrile	140436	Click to see	134.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302075W
> Organosulfur compounds / Isothiocyanates
Butyl isothiocyanate	11613	Click to see CCCCN=C=S	115.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-6865(97)00023-X
Methyl isothiocyanate	11167	Click to see	73.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
Sinapine	5280385	Click to see C[N+](C)(C)CCOC(=O)C=CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC)O)OC	310.36	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Ferulic Acid	445858	Click to see	194.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
P-Coumaric Acid	637542	Click to see	164.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630290034302
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see	286.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S002170000220
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S002170000220
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one	162976606	Click to see	772.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00116-1
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one	51402807	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00116-1
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	125528541	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9520000601
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	163090030	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC4=C(OC5=CC(=CC(=C5C4=O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	772.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00116-1
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	154497089	Click to see	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9520000601
Astragalin	5282102	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1992.TB11286.X
Kaempferol 3-O-rhamnosyl-rhamnosyl-glucoside	157009737	Click to see	740.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S002170000220
Kaempferol-3-O-Rutinoside	5318767	Click to see	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(96)00099-3 https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1992.TB11286.X https://doi.org/10.1007/S002170000220
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S002170000220 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00116-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(96)00099-3 https://doi.org/10.1080/10575630290034302 https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1992.TB11286.X
Vitamin P	5293655	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S002170000220
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
Kaempferol 7-neohesperidoside	5483905	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=CC(=C4C(=C3)OC(=C(C4=O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S002170000220
Quercetin 3-galactoside 7-rhamnoside	14130922	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00116-1
Quercetin 3-glucoside-7-rhamnoside	44259151	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(96)00099-3
Quercetin 7-rutinoside	44259247	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(96)00099-3

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Capparis spinosa

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