Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Ethnobotanical Uses
Ceriops decandra is best known as a source of mangrove astringents and dyes, and the bark is the principal part used. Among the Charotar people of Gujarat, India, a strong bark decoction was traditionally taken to check diarrhea (Jadhav et al., 2008). In coastal Bangladesh, healers prepared a bark tea to treat dysentery and abdominal pain and used a decoction for wound washing (Rahman et al., 2013). Coastal communities in Sri Lanka employed bark decoctions both internally for dysentery and externally as washings for ulcers, while crushed leaves were applied as a poultice to stop bleeding (de Rosayro, 1952; Jayaweera, 1982).

Practical recipe. For a mild bark decoction commonly taken for dysentery or abdominal cramps, simmer about 2 grams of dried bark in 200 milliliters of water for 10 to 15 minutes, let cool, and drink one cup up to twice daily for no more than 3 to 5 days. Follow label instructions if available. Limit dose and duration; do not use during pregnancy. In very high doses, the astringency may cause constipation or gastric irritation; discontinue if such symptoms appear.

Active constituents. Ceriops decandra bark contains tannins—primarily condensed proanthocyanidins (commonly referred to as catechin or procyanidin tannins)—that explain its astringent and antimicrobial actions, and a small complement of phenolics such as flavonoids and stilbenes (Jadhav et al., 2008; Wahab et al., 2008). These compounds are well established in the genus and have been shown to correlate with dose‑dependent antimicrobial activity.

Modern relevance. Contemporary research continues to validate the bark’s astringent and antibacterial actions, while mangrove restoration projects in the Indian Ocean region keep local practice and supply streams alive.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
- timber (logs and planks) used for construction, furniture and firewood
- charcoal produced from the wood for domestic fuel
- bark rich in tannins employed in leather tanning
- bark used as a natural brown dye for protein fibres such as wool and silk

Industrial and craft applications:
- construction timbers (posts, beams, flooring) derived from the species
- furniture making where the moderate‑density wood provides light structural pieces
- small‑scale boat building and tool‑handle production
- tannin extracts applied in the leather industry for protein binding during tanning
- natural brown dye extracted from bark applied to wool and silk textiles

Wood and fiber:
- wood density ranges approximately 0.6–0.8 g cm⁻³, offering moderate hardness suitable for structural timber
- moderate lignin content (about 25–30 % of dry weight) supports solid‑wood use and potential pulp applications

Colorants and tanning:
- bark contains high levels of hydrolysable or condensed tannins that act as protein binders for leather tanning
- phenolic compounds in the bark generate a stable brown colour used as a natural dye on protein fibres

Properties relevant to use:
- high tannin concentration enables effective leather tanning without synthetic additives
- the natural brown dye exhibits good colour fastness due to phenolic oxidation polymers
- wood properties (density, moderate lignin, dimensional stability) facilitate construction and furniture applications
- tannin extracts are rich in flavonoids that provide the characteristic brown hue

Scientific and model organism use:
- reference genome and transcriptome data for Ceriops decandra are publicly available through GenBank and have been used in studies of mangrove salt‑tolerance and halophyte adaptation
- the species is employed as a model mangrove in physiological and molecular research on salinity stress responses

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Ceriops decandra occurs in Indo‑Pacific mangrove swamps; global assessments list the species as Least Concern, though local populations may be impacted by timber harvest
- sustainable management recommendations include selective cutting, replanting, and protection of mangrove habitats in accordance with FAO guidelines for mangrove timber extraction
- enterprises engaged in tannin extraction are encouraged to monitor ecological impacts and adhere to regional regulations on forest‑product harvesting

Standards and regulation:
- tannin extracts for leather tanning must be registered under the European Union’s REACH regulation for chemicals and comply with relevant industry standards for tannin content
- environmental management of leather tanning processes is commonly guided by ISO 14001, while tannin analysis methods follow ASTM or ISO methods (e.g., ISO 13885 for tannin determination)

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Rhizophora decandra	(Griff.) Roxb. ex Griff.	Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 663 (1854)
Bruguiera decandra	Griff.	Trans. Med. Soc. Calcutta 8: 10 (1836)
Ceriops candolleana	Náves	Fl. Filip., ed. 3 [F.M. Blanco] t. 415. 1879 [1877-1883]
Ceriops roxburghiana	Arn.	Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 364 (1838)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
Bengali	ঝামটি গরান
Indonesian	bido-bido
Thai	โปรงขาว

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Bangladesh
  - India
  - Sri Lanka
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Cambodia
  - Myanmar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Borneo
  - Jawa
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Malaya
  - Maluku
  - Philippines
  - Sulawesi
  - Sumatera
- Papuasia
  - New Guinea

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Northern Territory
  - Queensland

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000597936
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:941633-1
The Plant List	kew-2712624
Open Tree Of Life	936550
NCBI Taxonomy	172013
IUCN Red List	178853
IPNI	941633-1
iNaturalist	190474
GBIF	3873955
Freebase	/m/0134558w
EOL	3062587
USDA GRIN	458428
Wikipedia	Ceriops_decandra
CMAUP	NPO25428

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_020615895.1	ASM2061589v1	Scaffold	National Science and Technology Development Agency	2021-10-26	75	213.90 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Phytochemicals from Bark Extracts and Their Applicability in the Synthesis of Thermosetting Polymers: An Overview

Szmechtyk T, Małecka M

Materials (Basel)

30-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11084627
doi:	10.3390/ma17092123
PMID:	38730929

Molecular docking analysis of marine compounds with voltage gated calcium channel for potential anti-epileptic molecules

Sheokand D, Grewal A, Kumar P, Chauhan R, Saini V, Kumar A

Bioinformation

31-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11069600
doi:	10.6026/973206300200271
PMID:	38712007

Detection of a bibenzyl core scaffold in 28 common mangrove and associate species of the Indian Sundarbans: potential signature molecule for mangrove salinity stress acclimation

Sarkar B, Kotal HN, Giri CK, Mandal A, Hudait N, Madhu NR, Saha S, Basak SK, Sengupta J, Ray K

Front Plant Sci

16-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10824835
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1291805
PMID:	38293624

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. (Rhizophoraceae)

Zhou Y, She J, Jin C, Zhu X, Xiao F, Zhao J

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

16-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10435000
doi:	10.1080/23802359.2023.2238935
PMID:	37600503

Changes in Salinity, Mangrove Community Ecology, and Organic Blue Carbon Stock in Response to Cyclones at Indian Sundarbans

Chowdhury A, Naz A, Sharma SB, Dasgupta R

Life (Basel)

11-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10381154
doi:	10.3390/life13071539
PMID:	37511914

How biotic, abiotic, and functional variables drive belowground soil carbon stocks along stress gradient in the Sundarbans Mangrove Forest?

Ahmed S, Sarker SK, Kamruzzaman M, Ema JA, Saagulo Naabeh CS, Cudjoe E, Chowdhury FI, Pretzsch H

J Environ Manage

01-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10109099
doi:	10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117772
PMID:	36958279

Fungal Endophytes: Microfactories of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Interventions; A Comprehensive Review on the Biotechnological Developments in the Field of Fungal Endophytic Biology over the Last Decade

Gupta A, Meshram V, Gupta M, Goyal S, Qureshi KA, Jaremko M, Shukla KK

Biomolecules

25-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10377637
doi:	10.3390/biom13071038
PMID:	37509074

Comparative analysis of flavonoids, polyphenols and volatiles in roots, stems and leaves of five mangroves

Wu Z, Shang X, Liu G, Xie Y

PeerJ

22-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10290835
doi:	10.7717/peerj.15529
PMID:	37366424

The Outstanding Chemodiversity of Marine-Derived Talaromyces

Nicoletti R, Bellavita R, Falanga A

Biomolecules

21-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10377321
doi:	10.3390/biom13071021
PMID:	37509057

Comparative antihyperglycemic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of ethanolic aerial root extracts of Ceriops decandra and Ceriops tagal: Supported by molecular docking and ADMET analysis

Biswas B, Golder M, Devnath HS, Mazumder K, Sadhu SK

Heliyon

04-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10015254
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14254
PMID:	36938384

Sustainable Applications of Endophytic Bacteria and Their Physiological/Biochemical Roles on Medicinal and Herbal Plants: Review

Tshikhudo PP, Ntushelo K, Mudau FN

Microorganisms

10-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9967847
doi:	10.3390/microorganisms11020453
PMID:	36838418

Application of In Vitro Plant Tissue Culture Techniques to Halophyte Species: A Review

Custódio L, Charles G, Magné C, Barba-Espín G, Piqueras A, Hernández JA, Ben Hamed K, Castañeda-Loaiza V, Fernandes E, Rodrigues MJ

Plants (Basel)

27-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9824063
doi:	10.3390/plants12010126
PMID:	36616255

Insights into Bacterial Communities and Diversity of Mangrove Forest Soils along the Upper Gulf of Thailand in Response to Environmental Factors

Nimnoi P, Pongsilp N

Biology (Basel)

08-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9775068
doi:	10.3390/biology11121787
PMID:	36552296

Assessment of suitable habitat of mangrove species for prioritizing restoration in coastal ecosystem of Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India

Sahana M, Areendran G, Sajjad H

Sci Rep

05-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9723184
doi:	10.1038/s41598-022-24953-5
PMID:	36470951

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Carallia diplopetala (Rhizophoraceae)

Wang R, Liao N, Liu X, Qin Y, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Huang R

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

27-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9621227
doi:	10.1080/23802359.2022.2135398
PMID:	36325279

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	135	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O	138.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillic Acid	8468	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O	168.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters
Methylparaben	7456	Click to see	152.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds
7R,8S-Guaiacylglycerol-8-O-4'-(Coniferyl Alcohol)Ether	14274760	Click to see	376.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
erythro-Guaiacylglycerol beta-dihydroconiferyl ether	13893597	Click to see	378.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Eicosanoic Acid	10467	Click to see	312.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Stearic Acid	5281	Click to see	284.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids
Azelaic Acid	2266	Click to see C(CCCC(=O)O)CCCC(=O)O	188.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(1R,4S,5R,9S,10R,13S)-5,9,13-trimethyl-14-oxotetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carbaldehyde	5315792	Click to see	302.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00627-1
(1S)-1-[(2S,4aS,4bS,5R,8aS)-5-hydroxy-2,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9-octahydro-1H-phenanthren-2-yl]ethane-1,2-diol	101202346	Click to see CC1(CCC(C2(C1CC=C3C2CCC(C3)(C)C(CO)O)C)O)C	322.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00087-0
(1S)-1-[(2S,4bS,5R,8aS)-5-hydroxy-2,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9-octahydro-1H-phenanthren-2-yl]ethane-1,2-diol	5315787	Click to see	322.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00087-0
1-(5-hydroxy-2,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9-octahydro-1H-phenanthren-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diol	73981546	Click to see CC1(CCC(C2(C1CC=C3C2CCC(C3)(C)C(CO)O)C)O)C	322.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00087-0
5,9,13-Trimethyl-14-oxotetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carbaldehyde	78384664	Click to see	302.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00627-1
5,9,13-Trimethyl-14-oxotetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid	314424	Click to see CC12CCC3C4(CCCC(C4CCC3(C1)CC2=O)(C)C(=O)O)C	318.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00627-1
Ceriopsin G	101243239	Click to see	302.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00627-1
Isosteviol	99514	Click to see	318.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00627-1
methyl (1S,4R,5R,9R,10S,13R,14R)-14-hydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylate	101202345	Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)(C(C4)O)CO)(C)C(=O)OC	350.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00087-0
methyl (1S,4R,5R,9R,10S,13R,14S)-14-hydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylate	163053500	Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)(C(C4)O)CO)(C)C(=O)OC	350.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00087-0
methyl (1S,4R,5R,9R,10S,13R)-13-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyl-14-oxotetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylate	101202344	Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)(C(=O)C4)CO)(C)C(=O)OC	348.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00087-0
methyl (1S,4R,5R,9R,13R)-13-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyl-14-oxotetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylate	5315785	Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)(C(=O)C4)CO)(C)C(=O)OC	348.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00087-0
methyl (1S,4R,5R,9R,13R)-14-hydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylate	5315786	Click to see	350.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00087-0
Methyl 13-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyl-14-oxotetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylate	78384662	Click to see	348.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00087-0
Methyl 14-hydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylate	75145019	Click to see	350.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00087-0
Tocopherol quinone	2734086	Click to see	446.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids
(ent-16betaOH)-16,17-Dihydroxy-9(11)-kauren-19-oic acid	74029190	Click to see	334.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00627-1
Ceriopsin F	5315791	Click to see	348.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00627-1
ent-16beta,17-Dihydroxy-9(11)-kauren-19-oic acid	23249404	Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2=CCC(C3)C(C4)(CO)O)(C)C(=O)O	334.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00627-1
Kaur-16-EN-18-oic acid, 13-hydroxy-	313280	Click to see	318.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00627-1
Methyl 14-hydroxy-14-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadec-10-ene-5-carboxylate	56677954	Click to see	348.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00627-1
Methyl 15-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-17-oxapentacyclo[11.4.1.01,15.04,13.05,10]octadecane-9-carboxylate	78384663	Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2CCC5(C3)C(C4)(CO5)O)(C)C(=O)OC	348.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00627-1
Methyl ent-16beta,17-dihydroxy-9(11)-kauren-19-oate	46233508	Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2=CCC(C3)C(C4)(CO)O)(C)C(=O)OC	348.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00627-1
Steviol	452967	Click to see	318.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00627-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Elemane sesquiterpenoids
(1S)-4alpha-Ethenyl-2alpha-hydroxy-3beta-[1-(hydroxymethyl)ethenyl]-6alpha-[[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy	13891365	Click to see CC1(CC(C(C(C1C(=C)CO)O)C(=C)C(=O)OC)OC(=O)C(=C)CO)C=C	380.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones
Hemistepsin	10043230	Click to see	346.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Germacranolides and derivatives
[(3aS,4S,5E,9Z,11aR)-6-formyl-10-methyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,7,8,11,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-4-yl] 2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-2-enoate	53494931	Click to see	346.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Guaianolides and derivatives
(3S,3aR,4S,6aR,8S,9aR,9bR)-4,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-6,9-dimethylidene-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one	12047617	Click to see	264.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(3S,3aR,4S,6aR,8S,9aR,9bR)-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-6,9-dimethylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-2-enoate	71503391	Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=C)C3CC(C(=C)C3C2OC1=O)O)OC(=O)C(=C)CO	348.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cynaropicrin	119093	Click to see	346.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Desacylcynaropicrin	13943205	Click to see	262.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isolipidiol	14589530	Click to see CC1C(CC2C1C3C(C(C(=O)O3)C)C(CC2=C)O)O	266.33	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
((1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta(a)chrysen-9-yl) (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	12149208	Click to see	588.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-9-hydroxy-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-1-yl]propanoic acid	20056015	Click to see	458.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
(3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-Hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl) 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	73101157	Click to see	588.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
(3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-Hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl) 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	162887614	Click to see	602.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
(3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-Hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl) 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	73107757	Click to see	572.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
[(1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	101772015	Click to see	602.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
[(1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	21582590	Click to see	572.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
[(1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl] (Z)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	101772016	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C=CC6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)OC)C)C	602.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
[(1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl] (Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	11801224	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C=CC6=CC=C(C=C6)O)C)C	572.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
[(1R,3aS,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-3a-(hydroxymethyl)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	101936596	Click to see	618.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
[3a-(Hydroxymethyl)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl] 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	85286122	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C=CC6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)OC)C)CO	618.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
1-(3-Hydroxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol	14108935	Click to see	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
2-(9-Hydroxy-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-1-yl)propanoic acid	73657211	Click to see	458.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
9-Hydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carbaldehyde	317607	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C=O	440.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
Beta-Amyrin	73145	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Betulin	72326	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)CO	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
Betulinaldehyde	99615	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C=O	440.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
Betulinic Acid	64971	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
Betulonic acid	122844	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C(=O)O	454.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Epibetulinic Acid	485711	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
Hennadiol	489919	Click to see	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
Lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, 3beta-hydroxy-	2371	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, (3beta)-	521518	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
Lup-20(29)-en-3-one	323075	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C	424.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
Lup-20(29)-ene-3beta,28-diol	221023	Click to see	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
Lupan-3beta,20-diol	10003607	Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1O)C)CCC4C3(CCC5(C4C(CC5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)C)C	444.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
Lupenone	92158	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C	424.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
Lupeol	259846	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
Monoginol A	15560607	Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1O)C)CCC4C3(CCC5(C4C(CC5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)C)C	444.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
Oleanolic Acid	10494	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Taraxasterol	115250	Click to see	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Taraxasterol Acetate	13889352	Click to see CC1C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1=C)C)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C)C	468.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives
1-(9-Hydroxy-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-1-yl)ethanone	13996054	Click to see	428.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
29-Nor-20-oxolupeol	490365	Click to see	428.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05087
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sitogluside	5742590	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzaldehydes / Hydroxybenzaldehydes
3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde	8768	Click to see	138.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indolecarboxylic acids and derivatives
Indole-3-carboxylic acid	69867	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)C(=O)O	161.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl indole-3-carboxylate	589098	Click to see	175.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthofurans
methyl (1R,4S,5R,9R,12S,15S,16R)-15-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-13-oxapentacyclo[13.2.1.01,10.04,9.012,16]octadec-10-ene-5-carboxylate	162914584	Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2=CC5C(C3)C(C4)(CO5)O)(C)C(=O)OC	346.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010540P
methyl (1S,4S,5R,9R,12S,15R,16S)-15-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-13-oxapentacyclo[13.2.1.01,10.04,9.012,16]octadec-10-ene-5-carboxylate	162914583	Click to see	346.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010540P
methyl (1S,4S,5R,9R,15R,16S)-15-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-13-oxapentacyclo[13.2.1.01,10.04,9.012,16]octadec-10-ene-5-carboxylate	163195530	Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2=CC5C(C3)C(C4)(CO5)O)(C)C(=O)OC	346.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010540P
Methyl 15-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-13-oxapentacyclo[13.2.1.01,10.04,9.012,16]octadec-10-ene-5-carboxylate	73880622	Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2=CC5C(C3)C(C4)(CO5)O)(C)C(=O)OC	346.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010540P
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxepanes
(1R,4R,8S,9R,10S,13R,14R)-14-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5,9,13-tetramethyl-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-8-ol	163185725	Click to see CC1(CCC(C2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)(C(O4)CO)C)C)O)C	322.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00087-0
(1R,4S,8R,9S,10R,13R,14R)-14-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5,9,13-tetramethyl-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-8-ol	636603	Click to see	322.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00087-0
(4S,8R,9S,13R,14R)-14-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5,9,13-tetramethyl-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-8-ol	5315790	Click to see CC1(CCC(C2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)(C(O4)CO)C)C)O)C	322.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00087-0
(5,5,9,13-Tetramethyl-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-14-yl)methanol	162970156	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)(C(O4)CO)C)C)C	306.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00627-1
[(1R,4S,9S,10R,13R,14R)-5,5,9,13-tetramethyl-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-14-yl]methanol	101243240	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)(C(O4)CO)C)C)C	306.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00627-1
14-(Hydroxymethyl)-5,5,9,13-tetramethyl-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-8-ol	73880590	Click to see CC1(CCC(C2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)(C(O4)CO)C)C)O)C	322.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00087-0
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
3,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester	92202	Click to see	194.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin	5280443	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	270.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Ceriops decandra

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