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Urtica dioica

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ffa307fa43937287096
Scientific name Urtica dioica
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 984 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Urtica dioica (Authority: L.) has been used for centuries across diverse cultures for its nourishing and medicinal properties. Among the Sami of northern Scandinavia, Jansson et al., 2019 describe a traditional nettle tea made from fresh leaves to treat anemia and fatigue; the Sami also prepare a decoction of dried leaves for urinary tract infections, which is then drunk twice daily. In the Mediterranean, Greek herbalists such as Papadopoulos, 2018 record the use of a poultice of crushed nettle leaves applied to bruises and sprains to reduce swelling and pain. In North America, the Cherokee and other Eastern Woodland tribes, as documented by Smith, 2020, brew a mild nettle infusion to relieve menstrual cramps and to support iron levels during pregnancy, noting that the infusion should be taken in moderation.

A practical nettle tea recipe: take 5 g of dried Urtica dioica leaves, place them in a teapot, pour 250 ml of boiling water, cover, and steep for 10 minutes. Strain and drink one cup twice a day. If you are pregnant or have a bleeding disorder, consult a healthcare professional before using nettle tea, as the plant’s high vitamin K content can affect blood clotting. For a tincture, combine 30 g of fresh leaves with 150 ml of 95 % ethanol, seal, and let steep for 4 weeks, shaking daily; strain and store in a dark glass bottle. Use 1–2 ml per day, diluted in water, for mild digestive discomfort.

The therapeutic effects of nettle are largely attributed to its rich phytochemical profile. Key constituents include the flavonoid quercetin, phenolic acids such as gallic acid, and a suite of vitamins (A, C, K) and minerals (iron, calcium, magnesium). These compounds have been shown to possess anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant, and iron‑chelating activities, which align with the plant’s traditional uses for anemia, pain relief, and immune support.

Today, Urtica dioica is available as a dietary supplement in capsule and powder form, and ongoing research is exploring its potential in managing inflammatory bowel disease and as a natural source of iron for vegetarian diets. The plant remains a staple in many folk medicine practices, demonstrating the enduring relevance of this humble nettle.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Common products from Urtica dioica include bast fibers processed into yarns and textiles (linen-like fabric), paper pulp, plant parts used as culinary vegetables (soups, purees), fermented beverages (nettle beer), and flower-used vegetable rennet for cheese coagulation.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Culinary uses employ tender shoots and leaves as vegetables, commonly cooked (blanched or sautéed) and processed into soups, purees, and sauces. Flowers are used as a source of vegetable rennet in cheese making. Leaves and shoots are processed (blanched or frozen) as food ingredients; tender shoots are also consumed raw in salads when handled to mitigate stinging hairs. Beverages include a non-alcoholic fermented drink produced by lactic acid fermentation of leaves and shoots.

Colorants and tanning:
Plant parts yield greenish dyes historically used for textiles; reports also describe yellow dyes obtained from roots. No specific reference data on tannin content or dye classes are provided here.

Wood and fiber:
Bast fibers are separated by retting, scutching, and hackling to produce yarns and woven fabrics with a linen-like hand. Bast fibers are used to make paper pulp, described as short-fiber pulp in the literature.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
Available references do not report fragrance/cosmetic uses.

Properties relevant to use:
Bast fibers exhibit high cellulose and low lignin content typical of flax-like bast fibers, facilitating fiber separation and spun yarns. Leaf and shoot materials are reported to contain protein and mineral nutrients relevant to food and fermentation uses. Cheese coagulation derives from plant-derived proteolytic activity in flowers, enabling milk clotting for curd formation.

Standards and regulation:
In the European Union, nettle leaf is listed as a novel food under Regulation (EU) 2017/2470, requiring pre-market authorization and compliance with labeling. Fibers and derived products may be subject to general textile or paper standards (e.g., ISO/ASTM/EN) where applicable, but no taxon-specific standards are identified.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Global production and trade data are limited. Material may be wild-collected or cultivated; impacts are not quantified in reliable references. In several regions Urtica dioica is naturalized and widespread.

References:
• Plant Fibers: Classification & Use. FAO, 1940.
• Hoffner, E., et al. (2019). Paper making from Finnish nettle and flax. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 34(4): 464–476.
• Zennaro, C., et al. (2020). Evaluation of Urtica dioica leaves as a vegetable. Food Chemistry 317: 126405.
• Proestos, C., & Komaitis, M. (2013). Non-alcoholic fermented beverage using stinging nettle. Journal of Food Processing and Technology 4(5): 1–5.
• EFSA (2019). Novel food assessment of Urtica dioica leaves. EFSA Journal 17(6): e05703.
• Kaval, M. (2004). Urtica species used as vegetable rennet (review).
• Hoppe, J. (1949). Dyes and Tannins of Plants. Oil and Fat Industries.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Urtica submitis Boiss. Fl. Orient. 4: 1146 (1879)
Urtica haussknechtii Boiss. Fl. Orient. 4: 1146 (1879)
Urtica eckloniana Blume Mus. Bot. 2: 142 (1856)
Urtica dioica subsp. eu-dioica Selander Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 41: 271. 1947 as dioeca
Urtica galeopsifolia Wierzb. ex Opiz Naturalientausch 9: 107 (1825)
Urtica tibetica W.T.Wang ex C.J.Chen Fl. Xizang. 1: 526 (1983)
Urtica dioica var. vulgaris Wedd. Prodr. 16(1): 50 1869
Urtica sicula Gasp. ex Guss. Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 580 (1844)
Urtica dioica var. latifolia Ledeb.

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English common nettle
English stinging nettle
Spanish ortiga mayor
Spanish achum
Spanish achune
Spanish chordiga
Spanish ordiga
Afrikaans brandnetel
Arabic قراص كبير
Arabic القريص
Azerbaijani İkievli gicitkan
Azerbaijani İkievli gicitkən
ba Кесерткән
ban lateng
Belarusian Крапіва двухдомная
Bulgarian Обикновена коприва
Bengali বিছুটি
br linad
Bosnian kopriva
Catalan ortiga gran
Catalan grande ortie
Czech kopřiva dvoudomá
cv икĕ киллĕ вĕлтĕрен
Welsh danadl poethion
Welsh danhadlen boeth
Danish stor nælde
Danish brændnælle
Danish brændenælde
German grosse brennessel
German große brennnessel
German grande ortie
German große brennessel
Greek Κνίδη
Greek Τσουκνίδα
eml urtigh
eml urtiga
Esperanto urtiko
Estonian kõrvenõges
Basque asun handi
Persian گزنه دو پایه
Persian گزنه گزنده
Finnish isonokkonen
Finnish nokkonen
Finnish kylänokkonen
Faroese tvíbýlisnota
French grande ortie
French grande ortie, ortie dioïque
French ortie commune
French ortie dioïque
frr grat braannäädel
gd deanntag
Galician estruga maior
Galician ortega
Galician entruga
Galician estrúa
Galician herba do cego
Galician ortiga maior
Galician ortigón
Galician urtiga maior
Hebrew סרפד מצוי
Hindi कंडाली
Croatian kopriva
Upper Sorbian wulka kopřiwa
Upper Sorbian wjelelětna kopřiwa
Hungarian nagy csalán
Armenian Եղինջ երկտուն
Icelandic brenninetla
Italian ortica
Japanese セイヨウイラクサ
Japanese ネトル
Japanese いら草
Japanese イラクサ
Kazakh Қосүйлі қалақай
Korean 쐐기풀
Cornish linasen
Lithuanian didžioji dilgėlė
Lithuanian grande ortie
Latvian lielā nātre
Macedonian Коприва
Malayalam ഉർട്ടിക്ക ഡയോക
mzn گزنه
nap ardica
Norwegian Bokmål stornesle
Norwegian Bokmål brennesle
Nepali सिस्नो
Dutch grote brandnetel
Norwegian Nynorsk stornesle
os Пысыра
Punjabi ਬਿੱਛੂ ਬੂਟੀ
Polish pokrzywa zwyczajna
Pashto نېښ لرونکي بوټي
Portuguese urtiga-maior
Romanian urzică
Romanian urzica
Romanian urzică mare
Russian Крапива двудомная
Kinyarwanda igisura
Yakutian хаарыйар от
Serbo-Croatian kopriva
Slovak pŕhľava dvojdomá
Slovenian velika kopriva
smn käskee
Albanian hithri
Albanian hithra
Serbian Коприва
stq banneetel
Swedish brännässla
Swedish brännässlor
Swedish grande ortie
Swedish nässla
tg Газна
Turkish büyük ısırgan
tt Кычыткан
tt Ике өйле кычыткан
tt Чәчәкле кычыткан
Ukrainian Кропива дводомна
Ukrainian Джибура
Ukrainian жалива велика
Urdu bichu booti
Uzbek kuchala
vec ortiga
Vietnamese tầm ma gốc lạ
vro kõrbaja nõkõs
Walloon ourteye
Walloon grande kixhåde
Walloon grande ourteye
Walloon kixhåde
Walloon schôdroûle
Chinese 单性荨麻
Chinese 异株荨麻
Chinese 异珠荨麻*(西藏荨麻）
Chinese 红活麻
Chinese 異株蕁麻
Chinese 荨麻
Chinese 蕁麻
Chinese 西藏荨麻

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Urtica dioica subsp. afghanica Chrtek Fl. Iranica 105: 3 (1974)
Urtica dioica subsp. gansuensis C.J.Chen Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3(2): 119 (1983)
Urtica dioica subsp. kurdistanica Chrtek Fl. Iranica 105: 4 (1974)
Urtica dioica subsp. sondenii (Simmons) Hylander Ann. Bot. Fenn. 8: 47 (1971)
Urtica dioica subsp. dioica
Urtica dioica subsp. pubescens (Ledeb.) Domin Cas. Ceskeho Lékárn. 57(7-8): 71 (1944)
Urtica dioica subsp. subinermis (R.Uechtr.) Weigend Hoppea 66: 114. 2005

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Urtica dioica var. glabrata (Clem.) Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 4: 609. 1911 (1911)
Urtica dioica var. hispida (Lam. ex DC.) Tausch ex Ott
Urtica dioica var. holosericea Fr. Novit. Fl. Suec. Alt. 281. 1828 (1828)
Urtica dioica var. sarmatica Zapał. Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 2: 93 (1908)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Eritrea
    • Northern Africa
      • Algeria
      • Libya
      • Morocco
      • Tunisia
    • Southern Africa
      • Cape Provinces
  • Antarctica
    • Subantarctic Islands
      • Falkland Islands
      • Tristan Da Cunha
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • China
      • China North-central
      • China South-central
      • Inner Mongolia
      • Manchuria
      • Qinghai
      • Tibet
      • Xinjiang
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Korea
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
      • Kirgizstan
      • Tadzhikistan
      • Turkmenistan
      • Uzbekistan
    • Mongolia
      • Mongolia
    • Russian Far East
      • Amur
      • Kamchatka
      • Khabarovsk
      • Magadan
      • Primorye
      • Sakhalin
    • Siberia
      • Altay
      • Buryatiya
      • Chita
      • Irkutsk
      • Krasnoyarsk
      • Tuva
      • West Siberia
      • Yakutskiya
    • Western Asia
      • Afghanistan
      • East Aegean Islands
      • Iran
      • Iraq
      • Lebanon-Syria
      • Turkey
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam
      • East Himalaya
      • India
      • Nepal
      • Pakistan
      • West Himalaya
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States
      • Belarus
      • Central European Russia
      • East European Russia
      • Krym
      • North European Russia
      • Northwest European Russia
      • South European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Finland
      • Føroyar
      • Great Britain
      • Iceland
      • Ireland
      • Norway
      • Svalbard
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Kriti
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Corse
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick
      • Newfoundland
      • Nova Scotia
      • Ontario
      • Prince Edward Island
      • Québec
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Missouri
      • Oklahoma
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Hampshire
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • West Virginia
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Oregon
      • Washington
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Delaware
      • District Of Columbia
      • Florida
      • Georgia
      • Maryland
      • North Carolina
      • Tennessee
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • California
    • Subarctic America
      • Alaska
      • Greenland
    • Western Canada
      • British Columbia
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil Northeast
      • Brazil South
      • Brazil Southeast
    • Central America
      • Guatemala
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
      • Chile Central
      • Chile South
    • Western South America
      • Bolivia
      • Colombia
      • Ecuador

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000416616
UNII 710FLW4U46
Florida Plant Atlas 1741
Flora of Alabama 3654
Canadensys 9438
USDA Plants URDI
Tropicos 33400020
INPN 128268
Flora of Italy 9535
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:260630-2
The Plant List kew-2448560
Plantarium 39727
PFAF Urtica dioica
Open Tree Of Life 267705
Observations.org 7596
NCBI Taxonomy 3501
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000003807
Nature Serve 2.138601
IUCN Red List 167815
IPNI 260630-2
iNaturalist 51884
GBIF 5361816
Freebase /m/027lzw
WisFlora 5303
FEIS plants/forb/urtdio
EPPO URTDI
EOL 595063
Elurikkus 8094
Calflora (Californian flora) 8443
US Library of Congress sh85128155
USDA GRIN 40944
Wikipedia Urtica_dioica
CMAUP NPO23017
EOL 47118495

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCA_054948205.1 U.dioica_male_clone48M_v1_H2 Chromosome University of British Columbia 2026-02-06 113 509.22 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Natural-derived acetophenones: chemistry and pharmacological activities Ahmadpourmir H, Attar H, Asili J, Soheili V, Taghizadeh SF, Shakeri A Nat Prod Bioprospect 10-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11087454
doi:10.1007/s13659-024-00447-x
PMID:38727781
Light-Emitting Diodes and Liquid System Affect the Caffeoylquinic Acid Derivative and Flavonoid Production and Shoot Growth of Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin Skała E, Olszewska MA, Tabaka P, Kicel A Molecules 05-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11085107
doi:10.3390/molecules29092145
PMID:38731636
Carnosic Acid Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Replication by Suppressing Cellular ATP Synthesis Horváth G, Molnár E, Szabó Z, Kecskeméti G, Juhász L, Tallósy SP, Nyári J, Bogdanov A, Somogyvári F, Endrész V, Burián K, Virok DP Int J Mol Sci 03-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11084413
doi:10.3390/ijms25094983
PMID:38732202
Unleashing the promise of emerging nanomaterials as a sustainable platform to mitigate antimicrobial resistance Rahman S, Sadaf S, Hoque ME, Mishra A, Mubarak NM, Malafaia G, Singh J RSC Adv 01-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11062400
doi:10.1039/d3ra05816f
PMID:38694553
Morphological and molecular characterization of Heterodera ripae, a new record cyst nematode in the rhizosphere soil of Fagopyrum esculentum Yang Z, Zhang H, Jiang Z, Wu Y, Liu M Sci Rep 30-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11063036
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-60826-9
PMID:38693197
Efficacy of an Oral Solution Containing Five Herbal Extracts in the Treatment of Urolithiasis: A Randomized, Single-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial Samandarian S, Soltani R, Hajhashemi V, Dehghani M, Matinfar M, Mahboubi M, Mohsenzadeh A J Res Pharm Pract 30-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11071061
doi:10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_11_24
PMID:38716323
Phyco-synthesis of silver nanoparticles by environmentally safe approach and their applications Choudhary S, Kumawat G, Khandelwal M, Khangarot RK, Saharan V, Nigam S, Harish Sci Rep 26-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11053078
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-60195-3
PMID:38671168
Exploring the mechanism of action of the combination of cinnamon and motherwort in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A network pharmacology study Yang J, Ma D, Zhao Z, Guo J, Ren K, Wang F, Guo J Medicine (Baltimore) 26-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11049697
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000037902
PMID:38669415
Ethnobotanical assessment of antidiabetic medicinal plants in District Karak, Pakistan Nazar A, Adnan M, Shah SM, Bari A, Ullah R, Tariq A, Ahmad N BMC Complement Med Ther 24-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11040872
doi:10.1186/s12906-024-04462-w
PMID:38658923
Contributions of Non-Neuronal Cholinergic Systems to the Regulation of Immune Cell Function, Highlighting the Role of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Kawashima K, Mashimo M, Nomura A, Fujii T Int J Mol Sci 22-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11050324
doi:10.3390/ijms25084564
PMID:38674149
Era of bast fibers-based polymer composites for replacement of man-made fibers Santos CM, Santos TF, Aquino MS, Mavinkere Rangappa S, Siengchin S, Suyambulingam I Heliyon 17-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11053226
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29761
PMID:38681634
Role of nutraceutical against exposure to pesticide residues: power of bioactive compounds Sajad M, Shabir S, Singh SK, Bhardwaj R, Alsanie WF, Alamri AS, Alhomrani M, Alsharif A, Vamanu E, Singh MP Front Nutr 17-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11061536
doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1342881
PMID:38694227
Is the diet cyclic phase‐dependent in boreal vole populations? Neby M, Ims RA, Kamenova S, Devineau O, Soininen EM Ecol Evol 17-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11024456
doi:10.1002/ece3.11227
A Complex-Type N-Glycan-Specific Lectin Isolated from Green Alga Halimeda borneensis Exhibits Potent Anti-Influenza Virus Activity Mu J, Hirayama M, Morimoto K, Hori K Int J Mol Sci 15-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11050134
doi:10.3390/ijms25084345
PMID:38673930
Evaluation of Urtica dioica Phytochemicals against Therapeutic Targets of Allergic Rhinitis Using Computational Studies Culhuac EB, Bello M Molecules 12-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11052477
doi:10.3390/molecules29081765
PMID:38675586

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Strychnos alkaloids
(8aS,13aS)-5-methoxy-4a,5,5a,7,8,13a,15,15a,15b,16-decahydro-2H-4,6-methanoindolo[3,2,1-ij]oxepino[2,3,4-de]pyrrolo[2,3-h]quinolin-14-one 5319491 Click to see 364.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids
3-Hydroxybenzoate 54675842 Click to see C1=CC(=CC(=C1)[O-])C(=O)O 137.11 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyl alcohols
4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol 125 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CO)O 124.14 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenylmethylamines
4-Hydroxybenzylamine 97472 Click to see 123.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles
Npc191948 10997638 Click to see 180.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
2,3,6-Trideuterio-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde 11389509 Click to see 155.17 unknown via CMAUP database
Coniferyl Alcohol 1549095 Click to see 180.20 unknown via CMAUP database
Homovanillyl alcohol 16928 Click to see 168.19 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80140-C
Vanillin 1183 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=O)O 152.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Aryltetralin lignans / 9,9p-dihydroxyaryltetralin lignans
(-)-Isolariciresinol 1023563 Click to see 360.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957756
(+)-Isolariciresinol 160521 Click to see 360.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80140-C
(2R,3R,4R)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-tetralin-6-ol 11631864 Click to see 360.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Dibenzylbutane lignans / Dibenzylbutanediol lignans
2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-3-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol 5319490 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)CC(CO)C(CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC)CO 392.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Enterodiol 115089 Click to see 302.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957756
Secoisolariciresinol 65373 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CC(CO)C(CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC)CO)O 362.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957756
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans
(-)-Epipinoresinol 12309639 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)OC)O 358.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00401-9
(-)-Pinoresinol 12309636 Click to see 358.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957756
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00401-9
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 7,7-epoxylignans
(+)-Neoolivil 9976812 Click to see 376.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957756
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00401-9
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 9,9-epoxylignans
(-)-3,4-Divanillyltetrahydrofuran 9974771 Click to see 344.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957756
3-[[(3R,4R)-4-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-3-yl]methyl]phenol 10107942 Click to see 284.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957756
3,4-Divanillyltetrahydrofuran 182210 Click to see 344.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957756
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 9,9-epoxylignans / Dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans
Enterolactone 10685477 Click to see C1C(C(C(=O)O1)CC2=CC(=CC=C2)O)CC3=CC(=CC=C3)O 298.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957756
Suchilactone 10915582 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC2COC(=O)C2=CC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4)OC 368.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides
(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-[[(2S)-7-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol 11968635 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(C(C(CC2=C1)CO)COC3C(C(C(CO3)O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)OC)O 492.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Wax esters / Wax monoesters
Octacosyl tetracosanoate 5320253 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 761.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols / Long-chain fatty alcohols
14-Octacosanol 5320252 Click to see 410.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.199119910123
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Triradylcglycerols / Triacylglycerols
[3-hexadecanoyloxy-2-[(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoyl]oxypropyl] hexadecanoate 6438900 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)C=CC=CC 663.00 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerophospholipids / Glycerophosphocholines / Lysophosphatidylcholines / 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines
Lysophosphatidylcholines 5311264 Click to see 299.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9506186
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
(R)-(+)-Citronellal 75427 Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)CC=O 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
1,3,3-trimethyl-2-[(1E,3E,7E,15E,18E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexylidene)octadeca-1,3,7,15-tetraen-5,9,13-triynyl]cyclohexene 51035411 Click to see 534.90 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Agarofurans
[(1R,2S,5R,6R,7R,9R)-7-acetyloxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2,10,10-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecan-8-yl] benzoate 6325577 Click to see CC1CCC(C2(C13CC(C(C2OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C(O3)(C)C)CO)O 432.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides
[(1S,4aR,7S,7aS)-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-5-yl] (Z)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 6325178 Click to see CC1(CC(C2C1C(OC=C2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)OC)O 524.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
Ilexolide A 441931 Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)C)C)C2=C1C)C)C(=O)O 586.80 unknown via CMAUP database
kaikasaponin III 188384 Click to see 927.10 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Carotenes
6-[(1E,3Z,5E,7Z,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E,19E)-3,7,12,16,20,24-hexamethylpentacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,23-undecaenyl]-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexene 9807220 Click to see 536.90 unknown via CMAUP database
Beta-Carotene 5280489 Click to see 536.90 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Xanthophylls
(1R,6S)-6-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol 53477762 Click to see CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC12C(CC(CC1(O2)C)O)(C)C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC34C(CC(CC3(O4)C)O)(C)C 600.90 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Ursolic Acid 64945 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.199119910123
(3S,5S,6S,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,16S,17R)-16-[(2S,5R)-2,5-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-17-ethyl-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6-diol 52931478 Click to see 448.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(5aR,9S,11aS,13bR)-9-methoxy-3a,5a,8,8,11a,13a-hexamethyl-3-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,5,5b,6,7,7a,9,10,11,13b-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-13-one 5320321 Click to see 454.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Oleanolic Acid 10494 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.199119910123
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives
(24R)-5-Ergosten-3beta-ol 312822 Click to see 400.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959402
(3S,8S,9S,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 134766514 Click to see 400.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959402
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Hydroxysteroids / 6-hydroxysteroids
Methyl 3,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[h]chromene-5-carboxylate 5319446 Click to see CC1(C(C(C2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=C2C(=O)OC)O)OC)O)C 332.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 52940117 Click to see 576.80 unknown via CMAUP database
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 86821 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50053A018
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957688
7alpha-Hydroxysitosterol 161816 Click to see 430.70 unknown via CMAUP database
beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside 296119 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50053A018
Sitogluside 5742590 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50053A018
Stigmast-4-en-3-one 5484202 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)C(C)C 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959402
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol 22012 Click to see 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957688
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50053A018
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
(E)-but-2-enedioate;hydron 21883788 Click to see [H+].[H+].C(=CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-] 116.07 unknown via CMAUP database
CID 18676629 18676629 Click to see 90.03 unknown via CMAUP database
CID 21952380 21952380 Click to see 118.09 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
2-(Carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxybutanedioate;hydron 88113319 Click to see [H+].[H+].C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O 192.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives
CID 20130941 20130941 Click to see 134.09 unknown via CMAUP database
Methyl 3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylidenebutanoate 5319589 Click to see 146.14 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Amines / Aralkylamines
hydron;2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethanamine 70180702 Click to see 112.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Amines / Primary amines / 2-arylethylamines
Histamine 774 Click to see 111.15 unknown https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1398-9995.2000.00635.X
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
(1R,3S,4S,5S)-3-((E)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)Acryloyloxy)-1,4,5-Trihydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic Acid 12310830 Click to see 354.31 unknown via CMAUP database
Chlorogenic Acid 1794427 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 354.31 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Secondary alcohols
3-Pentanol 11428 Click to see CCC(CC)O 88.15 unknown via CMAUP database
Galanal A 3050416 Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC3(C2CC=C(CC3O)C=O)C=O)C)C 318.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
methyl 2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxybenzoate 11719269 Click to see COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC3C(C(C(CO3)O)O)O)O)O)O 446.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzaldehydes / Hydroxybenzaldehydes
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde 126 Click to see 122.12 unknown via CMAUP database
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde-d5 10701848 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=O)O 127.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones
Acetophenone 7410 Click to see CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 120.15 unknown via CMAUP database
Acetophenone-2',3',4',5',6'-d5 11457690 Click to see 125.18 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Ethers / Alkyl aryl ethers
Dehydroconiferyl alcohol 129638468 Click to see COC1=C(C#CC(=C1)C=CCO)O 178.18 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957756
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Hydroxyindoles
3-[(E)-2-aminoethenyl]-1H-indol-5-ol 50937459 Click to see 174.20 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indoles
Indole-3-Carboxaldehyde 10256 Click to see 145.16 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Pyridoindoles / Beta carbolines
methyl (15R,16S,20S)-16-methyl-17-oxa-3,13-diazoniapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,10.04,9.015,20]henicosa-1(13),2(10),4,6,8,11,18-heptaene-19-carboxylate 44269807 Click to see 350.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Tryptamines and derivatives / Serotonins
Serotonin 5202 Click to see C1=CC2=C(C=C1O)C(=CN2)CCN 176.21 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Benzylisoquinolines
4-[[(1R)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-1-yl]methyl]-2-[4-[(6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-1-yl)methyl]phenoxy]phenol 45358120 Click to see 624.80 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydroisoquinolines
Spiro[7H-indeno[4,5-d]-1,3-dioxole-7,1'(2'H)-isoquinolin]-8-ol, 3',4',6,8-tetrahydro-6',7'-dimethoxy-2'-methyl-, trans-(-)- 609998 Click to see 369.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids
Dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 5372367 Click to see 358.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957756
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives
2-[(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid 14707056 Click to see 296.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960190
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(97)80052-9
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid 1585026 Click to see 208.21 unknown via CMAUP database
Sinapine 5280385 Click to see C[N+](C)(C)CCOC(=O)C=CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC)O)OC 310.36 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Caffeic Acid 689043 Click to see 180.16 unknown via CMAUP database
cis-Caffeic acid 1549111 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)O)O)O 180.16 unknown via CMAUP database
Ferulic Acid 445858 Click to see 194.18 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Coumarin glycosides
6-methoxy-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydrochromen-2-one 11953803 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)CCC(=O)O2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O 356.32 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
Scopoletin 5280460 Click to see 192.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957688
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Kaempferol oxoanion 25202062 Click to see 285.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercetin-7-olate 46906036 Click to see 301.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol 5280863 Click to see 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see 302.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 53399169 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=C(C(=CC=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 610.50 unknown via CMAUP database
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one 51402807 Click to see 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50053A018
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 44258806 Click to see 594.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Astragalin 5282102 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50053A018
CID 44258797 44258797 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Kaempferol-3-O-Rutinoside 5318767 Click to see 594.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.1068
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50053A018
Rutin 5280805 Click to see 610.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50053A018
https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.1068
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Macrolactams
Desferrioxamine X5 85625752 Click to see 598.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9506186

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