Trifolium aureum
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643fdf1f93544175019894 |
| Scientific name | Trifolium aureum |
| Authority | Pollich |
| First published in | Hist. Pl. Palat.2: 344 (1777) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Pasture forage and hay: Trifolium aureum is sown as a pasture legume for grazing livestock (cattle, sheep, horses) and cut for hay; its foliage is highly palatable and provides a source of protein.
- Cover‑crop/green‑manure seed: The species is used in arable rotations to improve soil fertility; seeds are sown after cereals or in fallow periods, and the standing crop is incorporated to add organic matter and fixed nitrogen.
- Seed mixtures for pollinator‑friendly plantings: The plant is included in seed mixes for meadow and wildlife plantings because it offers early‑season nectar and pollen for honeybees and native pollinators.
Industrial and craft applications:
- Soil nitrogen fixation: Symbiotic Rhizobium nodules on roots convert atmospheric N₂ into plant‑available forms, reducing reliance on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in mixed cropping systems.
- Erosion control and soil stabilization: The dense, mat‑forming habit of Trifolium aureum helps bind soil on slopes and disturbed sites, limiting runoff and supporting site restoration.
- Restoration of semi‑natural grasslands: Because it is native to many temperate regions, the species is used in ecological restoration to re‑establish grassland structure and support biodiversity.
- Pollinator habitat provisioning: The early‑flowering heads produce abundant nectar, making the plant valuable in pollinator conservation programs and in apiary management.
Properties relevant to use:
- Symbiotic nitrogen fixation via Rhizobium leguminosarum, enabling a net addition of 30–70 kg N ha⁻¹ in a single growing season.
- High crude‑protein content in young foliage (approximately 15–20 % dry matter) combined with relatively low fiber, contributing to its palatability for grazing animals.
- Tolerance of moderately acidic to neutral soils and low fertility, allowing establishment on marginal land without extensive fertilization.
- Early flowering (June–July) that supplies nectar for early‑season pollinators, complementing later‑blooming species in mixed plantings.
Standards and regulation:
- Seeds sold for forage, cover‑crop, or restoration uses must meet national seed‑certification standards (e.g., OECD Seed Certification Scheme, U.S. Federal Seed Act) that specify purity, germination rate, and cultivar identity on the label.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Cultivation as a legume reduces the carbon footprint of nitrogen inputs by substituting synthetic fertilizer with biologically fixed nitrogen, fitting low‑input and organic farming systems.
- The species is suitable for use in sustainable land‑management practices that aim to enhance soil health, support pollinator populations, and restore native grassland ecosystems.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Chrysaspis aurea | Greene | Pittonia3: 204 (1897) |
| Trifolium agrarium | L. | Sp. Pl.: 772 (1753) |
| Amarenus agrarius | (L.) C.Presl | Symb. Bot.1: 46 (1831) |
| Trifolium aureum var. achtarovii | (Urum.) Kožuharov | Fl. Nar. Republ. Bulgariya6: 353 (1976) |
| Trifolium aureum f. achtarovii | (Urum.) Stoj., Stef. & Kitan. | Fl. Bulg., ed. 4, 1: 602 (1967) |
| Trifolium aureum subsp. achtarovii | Urum. | Magyar Bot. Lapok1(12): 4 (1927) |
| Trifolium strepens | Crantz | Stirp. Austr. Fasc. , ed. 2: 411 (1769) |
| Trifolium campestre | C.C.Gmel. | Hortus Carlsruh. : 270 (1811) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | golden clover |
| English | hop clover |
| English | large hop trefoil |
| English | large hop clover |
| Spanish | trébol del prado |
| Spanish | trébol de prado |
| Arabic | نفل ذهبي |
| Belarusian | Канюшына шаматкая |
| Bulgarian | златиста детелина |
| Czech | jetel zlatý |
| Welsh | meillionen hopysaidd fawr |
| Danish | guldkløver |
| Danish | humlekløver |
| German | gold-klee |
| German | goldklee |
| Estonian | kuldristik |
| Persian | شبدر نارنجی |
| Finnish | kelta-apila |
| Upper Sorbian | złoty dźećel |
| Icelandic | gullsmári |
| Lithuanian | dirvoninis dobilas |
| Latvian | zeltainais āboliņš |
| myv | Сыреждиця вараканьпал |
| myv | Сыреждиця вараканьпря тикше |
| Norwegian Bokmål | gullkløver |
| Dutch | akkerklaver |
| Dutch | koniczyna złocistożółta |
| Polish | koniczyna złocistożółta |
| Russian | Клевер золотистый |
| Russian | Хмелёк |
| Slovak | ďatelinka zlatožltá |
| Slovenian | zlata detelja |
| Swedish | jordhumle |
| Swedish | humleklöver |
| Swedish | gullklöver |
| Turkish | altuni üçgül |
| Ukrainian | конюшина золотиста |
| Chinese | 金黄车轴草 |
| Chinese | 黄车轴草 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
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Macaronesia
- Canary Islands
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Macaronesia
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Asia-temperate click to expand
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Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
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China
- China North-central
- China Southeast
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Eastern Asia
- Japan
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Russian Far East
- Primorye
- Sakhalin
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Siberia
- Altay
- Irkutsk
- Krasnoyarsk
- West Siberia
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Western Asia
- Iran
- Lebanon-Syria
- Turkey
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Caucasus
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Australasia click to expand
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New Zealand
- New Zealand North
- New Zealand South
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New Zealand
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Europe click to expand
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Eastern Europe
- Baltic States
- Belarus
- Central European Russia
- East European Russia
- Krym
- Northwest European Russia
- South European Russia
- Ukraine
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Middle Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Hungary
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Switzerland
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Northern Europe
- Denmark
- Finland
- Great Britain
- Norway
- Sweden
-
Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Romania
- Yugoslavia
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Southwestern Europe
- France
- Spain
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Eastern Europe
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Northern America click to expand
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Eastern Canada
- Labrador
- Newfoundland
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North-central U.S.A.
- Illinois
- Minnesota
- Wisconsin
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Northeastern U.S.A.
- New York
- Vermont
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Northwestern U.S.A.
- Idaho
- Oregon
- Washington
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- Kentucky
- Maryland
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Southwestern U.S.A.
- California
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Eastern Canada
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Southern America click to expand
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Southern South America
- Argentina South
- Chile South
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Southern South America
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000213947 |
| Canadensys | 5911 |
| USDA Plants | TRAU2 |
| Tropicos | 13004095 |
| INPN | 127233 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:522892-1 |
| The Plant List | ild-9009 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 689166 |
| Observations.org | 7566 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 361561 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000003251 |
| Nature Serve | 2.154826 |
| IPNI | 522892-1 |
| iNaturalist | 79409 |
| GBIF | 5359060 |
| Freebase | /m/075mvg |
| WisFlora | 5267 |
| EPPO | TRFAU |
| EOL | 704100 |
| Elurikkus | 7993 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 8053 |
| USDA GRIN | 101725 |
| Wikipedia | Trifolium_aureum |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols | |||||
| Isorhamnetin | 5281654 | Click to see | 316.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579982 |
| Quercetin | 5280343 | Click to see | 302.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579982 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one | 51402807 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579982 |
| 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-4-One | 5378597 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579982 |
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 163026589 | Click to see | 594.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579982 |
| 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 163026588 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=C(C3=O)C=CC(=C4)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 594.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579982 |
| Hyperoside | 5281643 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 464.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579982 |
| Isoquercetin | 5280804 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579982 |
| Rutin | 5280805 | Click to see | 610.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579982 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflav-2-enes / Isoflavones | |||||
| Genistein | 5280961 | Click to see | 270.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579982 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflavonoid O-glycosides | |||||
| 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 44257215 | Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=COC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O | 430.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579982 |
| 5-Hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-7-yl hexopyranoside | 5358913 | Click to see | 446.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579982 |
| Npc198030 | 3733033 | Click to see | 430.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579982 |
| Ononin | 442813 | Click to see | 430.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579982 |
| Sissotrin | 5280781 | Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=COC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O | 446.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579982 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylisoflavones | |||||
| Biochanin A | 5280373 | Click to see | 284.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00579982 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |