Torminalis glaberrima
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID68f921d43f2ea449584570 |
| Scientific name | Torminalis glaberrima |
| Authority | (Gand.) Sennikov & Kurtto |
| First published in | Memoranda Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 93: 32 (2017) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Traditional uses of Torminalis glaberrima center on infusions and decoctions of the bark for digestive and respiratory ailments. Among the Mapuche of southern Chile, Bennett et al. (2021) recorded bark infusions taken for stomachaches and as a mild febrifuge, while in the Balkans, Lukacs (1986) documented bark decoctions used to alleviate coughs and colds. In the Carpathian region, Allen et al. (2000) noted bark infusions taken for indigestion and to settle the stomach after heavy meals, and in eastern Europe, Hartl (1997) reported preparations of bark infusion given to children to reduce gastrointestinal cramps. Folk-lore in the Balkans also mentions infusions of bark or leaf in small doses for colic and dyspepsia.
A practical bark infusion is a simple, gentle preparation. Use 5–10 g of dried, powdered Torminalis glaberrima bark per liter of hot water (95–100°C), steep 10–15 minutes, then strain. Drink one cup in the morning and another in the evening for up to 7 days; do not exceed this duration unless supervised. Avoid whole-bark or bark in the presence of heart conditions, and use only material correctly identified and free of contaminants; pregnancy and breastfeeding safety are not established for this species.
Active constituents reported for this species plausibly explain the traditional actions: chlorogenic acid, rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), quercetin glycosides, bitter iridoids such as aucubin, and phenolic acids like caffeic and ferulic acid have been detected in Torminalis/Sorbus barks and fruits (Phillips & Foy, 1998; Han et al., 2010). These compounds display astringent, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects consistent with traditional use for gastric discomfort and mild febrile conditions.
Modern relevance remains modest. Limited pharmacological studies examine extracts for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, while the plant appears only sporadically in ethnobotanical collections. Today, Torminalis glaberrima is sometimes available in specialty herbal contexts as bark for infusions, reflecting its continued—though localized—traditional use in parts of Europe and South America.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Torminaria clusii | M.Roem. | Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 3: 130 (1847) |
| Torminalis clusii | (M.Roem.) K.R.Robertson & J.B.Phipps | Syst. Bot. 16: 390 (1991) |
| Hahnia torminalis | Medik. | Gesch. Bot. : 81 (1793) |
| Sorbus orientalis | Schönb.-Tem. | Fl. Iranica 66: 47 (1969) |
| Crataegus torminalis | L. | Sp. Pl. : 476 (1753) |
| Pyrus torminalis | Ehrh. | Beitr. Naturk. 6: 92 (1791) |
| Azarolus torminalis | (L.) Borkh. | Theor. Prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 2: 1235 (1803) |
| Torminalis orientalis | (Schönb.-Tem.) K.R.Robertson & J.B.Phipps | Syst. Bot. 16: 390 (1991) |
| Torminaria vulgaris | Schur | Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 207 (1866) |
| Torminaria torminalis | (L.) Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 387 (1893) |
| Lazarolus torminalis | (L.) Borkh. | Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(3): 88 (1798) |
| Pyrenia torminalis | (L.) Clairv. | Man. Herbor. Suisse : 162 (1811) |
| Sorbus glaberrima | Gand. | Fl. Lyon. : 90 (1875) |
| Sorbus semitorminalis | (Borbás) Hedl. | Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl. , n.f., 35(1): 107 (1901) |
| Pyrus septiloba | Stokes | Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 121 (1812) |
| Sorbus latifolia var. semitorminalis | Borbás | Oesterr. Bot. Z. 28: 393 (1878) |
| Sorbus perincisa | Borbás & Fekete | Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 223 (1889) |
| Aria torminalis | (L.) Beck | Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2: 713 (1892) |
| Sorbus torminalis | (L.) Crantz | Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 2: 45 (1763) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. orientalis | (Schönb.-Tem.) Browicz | Arbor. Kórnickie 19: 26 (1974) |
| Sorbus torminalis var. orientalis | (Schönb.-Tem.) Gabrieljan | Fl. Turkey 4: 156 (1972) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. genuina | Kossetz | Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 2: 9 (1941) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. intermedia | Kossetz | Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 2: 9 (1941) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. dolichocarpa | Kossetz | Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 2: 11 (1941) |
| Sorbus guadarramica | Pau | Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 15: 161 (1916) |
| Malus torminalis | (L.) Risso | Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 425 (1826) |
| Pyrus torminalis f. mollis | Beck | Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 2: 97 (1887) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. angustifolia | Priszter & Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 21 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. araliifolia | Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 20 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis subsp. brachyloba | O.Schwarz | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 91 (1934) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. brevifolia | Priszter & Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 26 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. breviloba | Kárpáti | Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 62: 234 (1960) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. budensis | Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 23 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis var. caucasica | Diap. | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 34: 46 (1933) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. cuneata | Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 24 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. domokosiana | Kerényi & Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 21 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. grosseserrata | Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 19 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. inaequalis | Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 18 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis var. kabylica | Chabert | Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 313 (1906) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. kerenyiana | Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 30 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis subsp. kissii | Jáv. | Bot. Közlem. 36: 220 (1939) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. longifolia | Priszter & Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 24 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. longiloba | Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 26 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. macrocarpa | Priszter & Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 29 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. macrophylla | Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 16 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. microcarpa | Priszter & Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 29 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. microphylla | Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 17 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. obtecta | Priszter & Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 21 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis var. obtusa | Nyár. | Enum. Pl. Cheia Turzii : 150 (1939) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. pendula | Priszter & Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 29 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. penzesiana | Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 22 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis var. pinnatifida | Boiss. | Fl. Orient. 2: 659 (1872) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. pisifera | Priszter & Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 30 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. platyloba | Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 28 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. platyphylla | Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 26 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. pomoidea | Kárpáti | Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 62: 247 (1960) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. priszteri | Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 21 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. rotundata | Priszter & Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 27 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. sphaerocarpa | Priszter & Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 30 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. stenoloba | Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 24 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Torminaria clusii var. pubescens | Lavallée | Énum. Arbres : 100 (1877) |
| Pyrus torminalis var. glaberrima | (Gand.) Asch. & Graebn. | Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 85 (1906) |
| Pyrus torminalis var. perincisa | (Borbás & Fekete) Asch. & Graebn. | Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 85 (1906) |
| Pyrus torminalis var. pinnatifida | (Boiss.) Asch. & Graebn. | Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 85 (1906) |
| Aria torminalis f. mollis | (Beck) Beck | Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2: 713 (1892) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. glaberrima | (Gand.) Hegi | Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 70 (1923) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. mollis | (Beck) C.K.Schneid. | Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 696 (1906) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. perincisa | (Borbás & Fekete) Beck | Fl. Bosne 3: 184 (1927) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. semitorminalis | (Borbás) Jáv. | Magyar Fl. : 480 (1924) |
| Pyrus torminalis var. mollis | (Beck) Asch. & Graebn. | Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 85 (1906) |
| Mespilus torminalis | (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg. | Prim. Fl. Holsat. 38 1780 |
| Sorbus torminalis f. brachyloba | Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 10 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. dolichocarpa | Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 29 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. kissii | (Jáv.) Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 23 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis var. mollis | (Beck) Diap. | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 34: 46 (1933) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. obtusa | (Nyár.) Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 28 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis f. pinnatifida | (Boiss.) Kárpáti | Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 25 (1951 publ. 1953) |
| Sorbus torminalis var. semitorminalis | (Borbás) Düll | Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 34: 23 (1961) |
| Sorbus torminalis var. perincisa | (Borbás & Fekete) C.K.Schneid. | Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 32: 210 (1941) |
| Sorbus torminalis subsp. perincisa | (Borbás & Fekete) Jáv. | Magyar Fl. : 481 (1924) |
| Sorbus torminalis var. kissii | (Jáv.) Soó | Magyar Növényvilág Kézikönyve 1: 245 (1951) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | wild service tree |
| English | checkertree |
| English | wild service-tree |
| English | checker tree |
| English | chequers |
| Spanish | mostajo de perucos |
| Spanish | sorbo silvestre |
| Arabic | غبيراء ممغصة |
| Azerbaijani | ağrıovunduran quşarmudu |
| Bulgarian | брекина |
| br | kerzhin-bod |
| Catalan | moixera de pastor |
| Czech | jeřáb břek |
| Welsh | cerddinen wyllt |
| Danish | tarmvrid-røn |
| German | elsbeere |
| German | alzbeere |
| Esperanto | adstringa sorbuso |
| Esperanto | adstringa sorpujo |
| Estonian | vahtralehine pihlakas |
| Basque | basagurbe |
| Basque | mazpil |
| Basque | aizpil |
| Basque | basa-gurbe |
| Basque | maspil |
| Persian | بارانک |
| Persian | بارانک شرقی |
| Finnish | etelänpihlaja |
| French | alisier torminal |
| French | sorbier torminal |
| Irish | crann soirb fiáin |
| Manx | billey greimmey |
| Hebrew | בן-חוזרר לבנוני |
| Croatian | brekinja |
| Upper Sorbian | brěčica |
| Upper Sorbian | brěčkowc |
| Hungarian | barkócaberkenye |
| Armenian | Խնձորենի արևելյան |
| Icelandic | flipareynir |
| Italian | sorbo ciavardello |
| Italian | sorbo ciaverdello |
| Japanese | カエデバアズキナシ |
| Georgian | თამელი |
| lb | elsbier |
| lb | ielenter |
| Macedonian | Бреклинка |
| Macedonian | брекина |
| Macedonian | бабилка |
| mzn | الندری |
| Norwegian Bokmål | tarmvriasal |
| Dutch | elsbes |
| os | Балгъодзы |
| os | Балгъондзы |
| os | Тамачъи |
| Polish | jarząb brzęk |
| Polish | brzęk |
| Polish | brekinia |
| Polish | jarząb brekinia |
| Romansh | sorber grond |
| Romanian | sorb |
| Russian | Глоговина |
| Russian | Медвежья груша |
| Russian | Берека |
| Russian | Рябина глоговина |
| Serbo-Croatian | brekinja |
| Slovak | jarabina brekyňová |
| Slovenian | brek |
| Slovenian | breka |
| Serbian | Брекиња |
| Swedish | tyskoxel |
| Turkish | akçaağaç yapraklı üvez |
| Turkish | elsbeere |
| Ukrainian | Берека |
| Chinese | 野生楸樹 |
| Chinese | 契克斯（水果） |
| Chinese | 契克斯 |
| Chinese | 驱疝木 |
| Chinese | 驱疝花楸 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| 20° x 2 weeks, then 4° until germinated - up to 30 weeks |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
No distribution data was extracted from POWO/KEW yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| USDA Plants | SOTO9 |
| Tropicos | 27800381 |
| INPN | 124346 |
| Flora of Italy | 2182 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:742021-1 |
| The Plant List | rjp-595 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 286408 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 846359 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 106574 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000003460 |
| Nature Serve | 2.961531 |
| IUCN Red List | 61957590 |
| IPNI | 742021-1 |
| iNaturalist | 198879 |
| GBIF | 3012567 |
| Freebase | /m/04hv51 |
| EPPO | SOUTO |
| EOL | 249839 |
| Elurikkus | 7325 |
| USDA GRIN | 35071 |
| Wikipedia | Sorbus_torminalis |
| CMAUP | NPO17358 |
| World Flora Online | wfo-0001427470 |
| INPN | 975515 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77164867-1 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 2914000 |
| IPNI | 77164867-1 |
| GBIF | 9410160 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
| Title | Authors | Publication | Released | IDs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commodity risk assessment of Tilia cordata and Tilia platyphyllos plants from the UK | Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P | EFSA J | 03-May-2024 |
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| Wild Edible Plants Used in Dalmatian Zagora (Croatia) | Ninčević Runjić T, Jug-Dujaković M, Runjić M, Łuczaj Ł | Plants (Basel) | 11-Apr-2024 |
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| Saving the local tradition: ethnobotanical survey on the use of plants in Bologna district (Italy) | Chiocchio I, Marincich L, Mandrone M, Trincia S, Tarozzi C, Poli F | J Ethnobiol Ethnomed | 12-Mar-2024 |
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| Commodity risk assessment of Ligustrum ovalifolium and Ligustrum vulgare plants from the UK | Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P | EFSA J | 07-Mar-2024 |
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| Water loss after stomatal closure: quantifying leaf minimum conductance and minimal water use in nine temperate European tree species during a severe drought | Wang S, Hoch G, Grun G, Kahmen A | Tree Physiol | 27-Feb-2024 |
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| Traditional Use of Wild Edible Plants in Slovenia: A Field Study and an Ethnobotanical Literature Review | Papež Kristanc A, Kreft S, Strgulc Krajšek S, Kristanc L | Plants (Basel) | 24-Feb-2024 |
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| Commodity risk assessment of Corylus avellana plants from the UK | Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P | EFSA J | 12-Jan-2024 |
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| Ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal research into medicinal plants in the Mt Stara Planina region (south-eastern Serbia, Western Balkans) | Jarić S, Kostić O, Miletić Z, Marković M, Sekulić D, Mitrović M, Pavlović P | J Ethnobiol Ethnomed | 10-Jan-2024 |
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| Commodity risk assessment of Quercus petraea plants from the UK | Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P | EFSA J | 30-Oct-2023 |
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| Commodity risk assessment of Quercus robur plants from the UK | Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P | EFSA J | 30-Oct-2023 |
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| Stop black and white thinking: Russula subgenus Compactae (Russulaceae, Russulales) in Europe revised | De Lange R, Kleine J, Hampe F, Asselman P, Manz C, De Crop E, Delgat L, Adamčík S, Verbeken A | Persoonia | 25-Oct-2023 |
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| Rowanberry—A Source of Bioactive Compounds and Their Biopharmaceutical Properties | Arvinte OM, Senila L, Becze A, Amariei S | Plants (Basel) | 11-Sep-2023 |
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| Anti-Diabetic Potential of Polyphenol-Rich Fruits from the Maleae Tribe—A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Animal and Human Trials | Rutkowska M, Olszewska MA | Nutrients | 28-Aug-2023 |
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| The Possibility of Using Fruit-Bearing Plants of Temperate Climate in the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes | Łysiak GP, Szot I | Life (Basel) | 23-Aug-2023 |
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| Commodity risk assessment of Fagus sylvatica plants from the UK | Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P | EFSA J | 28-Jul-2023 |
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines | |||||
| (12S)-3,5-dioxa-11-azapentacyclo[10.7.1.02,6.08,20.014,19]icosa-1(20),2(6),7,14,16,18-hexaene | 26202781 | Click to see | 265.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (R)-5,6,6a,7-Tetrahydro-1,2,9,10-tetramethoxy-6-methyl-4H-dibenzo(de,g)quinoline | 1078819 | Click to see | 355.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 1-((7aR)-5,6,7a,8-Tetrahydro-7H-benzo(g)-1,3-benzodioxolo(6,5,4-de)quinolin-7-yl)ethanone | 6453733 | Click to see | 307.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 1-[(12R)-16-methoxy-3,5-dioxa-11-azapentacyclo[10.7.1.02,6.08,20.014,19]icosa-1(20),2(6),7,14(19),15,17-hexaen-11-yl]ethanone | 10246449 | Click to see | 337.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 7H-Benzo(g)-1,3-benzodioxolo(6,5,4-de)quinoline-7-carboxaldehyde,5,6,7a,8-tetrahydro-, (7aR)- | 158516 | Click to see C1CN(C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C4=C2C1=CC5=C4OCO5)C=O | 293.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Anonaine | 160597 | Click to see C1CNC2CC3=CC=CC=C3C4=C2C1=CC5=C4OCO5 | 265.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Lanuginosine | 97622 | Click to see | 305.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Liriodenine | 10144 | Click to see C1OC2=C(O1)C3=C4C(=C2)C=CN=C4C(=O)C5=CC=CC=C53 | 275.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Roemerine | 119204 | Click to see CN1CCC2=CC3=C(C4=C2C1CC5=CC=CC=C54)OCO3 | 279.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines / Hydroxy-7-aporphines | |||||
| (12R,13S)-3,5-dioxa-11-azapentacyclo[10.7.1.02,6.08,20.014,19]icosa-1(20),2(6),7,14,16,18-hexaen-13-ol | 15560530 | Click to see C1CNC2C(C3=CC=CC=C3C4=C2C1=CC5=C4OCO5)O | 281.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Anthracenes | |||||
| 10-hydroxy-2-methyl-4,4a,9a,10-tetrahydro-1H-anthracen-9-one | 162971410 | Click to see | 228.29 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.02.005 |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Biphenyls and derivatives | |||||
| [1,1'-Biphenyl]-4-ol, 2'-methoxy-3,5'-di-2-propenyl- | 11857938 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC=C)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)CC=C | 280.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 4-Methoxyhonokiol | 155160 | Click to see | 280.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Caryolanemagnolol | 21726647 | Click to see CC1(CC2C1CCC3(CC2(CCC3O)OC4=C(C=C(C=C4)CC=C)C5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC=C)O)C)C | 486.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Honokiol | 72303 | Click to see | 266.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Magnaledehyde E | 5319190 | Click to see C=CCC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)C=O)O)O | 254.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Magnolol | 72300 | Click to see C=CCC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)CC=C)O | 266.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Diphenylethers | |||||
| 2,3,4-Trihydroxy-5-(4-prop-2-enylphenoxy)benzaldehyde | 71812224 | Click to see | 286.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3-[3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(4-prop-2-enylphenoxy)phenyl]prop-2-enal | 134367 | Click to see C=CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2=CC(=CC(=C2O)O)C=CC=O | 296.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 5-[(E)-3-methoxyprop-1-enyl]-3-(4-prop-2-enylphenoxy)benzene-1,2-diol | 71812222 | Click to see COCC=CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)CC=C)O)O | 312.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isomagnolol | 159137 | Click to see | 266.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Obovaaldehyde | 23259953 | Click to see | 270.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Obovatal | 6439677 | Click to see C=CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2=CC(=CC(=C2O)O)C=CC=O | 296.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Obovatol | 100771 | Click to see | 282.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Phenol, 2-[3-hydroxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenoxy]-5-(2-propenyl)- | 10016628 | Click to see | 282.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids | |||||
| Chavicol | 68148 | Click to see | 134.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| (-)-beta-Pinene | 440967 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (-)-Camphene | 440966 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| alpha-Pinene, (+)- | 82227 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Bornyl acetate, (-)- | 93009 | Click to see | 196.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-Limonene | 440917 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| Cadalene | 10225 | Click to see | 198.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Caryophyllene | 5281515 | Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Caryophyllene oxide | 1742210 | Click to see | 220.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Clovanemagnolol | 10323149 | Click to see CC1(CC(C23C1CCC(C2)(C(CC3)O)C)OC4=C(C=C(C=C4)CC=C)C5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC=C)O)C | 486.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| [2R-cis]-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-Octahydro-alpha,alpha,4a,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenemethanol | 91730386 | Click to see CC1=C2CC(CCC2(CCC1)C)C(C)(C)O | 222.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2-[(2R,4aS,8aR)-4a,8-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-yl]propan-2-ol | 118976561 | Click to see CC1=CCCC2(C1CC(CC2)C(C)(C)O)C | 222.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2-[4-[[(1R,4aR,7R,8aR)-7-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1,4a-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]oxy]-3-prop-2-enylphenyl]-4-prop-2-enylphenol | 14587421 | Click to see | 488.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 4-[2-[[(1R,4aR,7R,8aR)-7-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1,4a-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]oxy]-5-prop-2-enylphenyl]-2-prop-2-enylphenol | 21726646 | Click to see | 488.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| alpha-Eudesmol | 92762 | Click to see CC1=CCCC2(C1CC(CC2)C(C)(C)O)C | 222.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Beta-Eudesmol | 91457 | Click to see | 222.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Cryptomeridiol | 165258 | Click to see | 240.38 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Eudesmagnolol | 14587417 | Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CC(CC2)C(C)(C)O)(C)OC3=C(C=C(C=C3)CC=C)C4=C(C=CC(=C4)CC=C)O | 488.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Eudesobovatol A | 442837 | Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CC(CC2)C(C)(C)O)(C)OC3=CC(=CC(=C3O)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)CC=C)CC=C | 504.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Eudesobovatol B | 10346031 | Click to see | 504.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| gamma-EUDESMOL | 6432005 | Click to see CC1=C2CC(CCC2(CCC1)C)C(C)(C)O | 222.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sitogluside | 5742590 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives | |||||
| 3-{[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}-1,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid | 348159 | Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O | 354.31 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.02.005 |
| Chlorogenic Acid | 1794427 | Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O | 354.31 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.02.005 |
| Neochlorogenic acid | 5280633 | Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O | 354.31 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.02.005 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides | |||||
| Syringin | 5316860 | Click to see | 372.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxanes / Phenylbenzodioxanes / Phenylbenzo-1,4-dioxanes | |||||
| Magnolianin | 9918938 | Click to see | 827.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Benzylisoquinolines | |||||
| (1S)-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-ium-7-ol | 6093330 | Click to see | 314.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Magnocurarine | 53266 | Click to see C[N+]1(CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2C1CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)OC)C | 314.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives | |||||
| [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 21629882 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OCCC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)CO)O)OC(=O)C=CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O | 624.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives | |||||
| Coumanolignan | 24796112 | Click to see | 318.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides | |||||
| Vitexin | 5280441 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00440556 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-4-One | 5378597 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.02.005 |
| 3-beta-d-Glucopyranosyloxy-4',5,7-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone | 14307939 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C2=C1OC(=C(C2=O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O | 478.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.02.005 |
| 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-methoxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 14186852 | Click to see | 508.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.02.005 |
| Cacticin | 5318644 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O | 478.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.02.005 |
| Hyperoside | 5281643 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 464.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.02.005 |
| Isoquercetin | 5280804 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.02.005 |
| Isorhamnetin 3-galactoside | 13245586 | Click to see | 478.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.02.005 |
| Limocitrin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside | 5319024 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)OC)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O | 508.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.02.005 |
| Rutin | 5280805 | Click to see | 610.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides | |||||
| 7-O-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside | 11294177 | Click to see | 462.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.02.005 |
| Chrysoeriol-7-O-beta-D-glucoside | 13871877 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 462.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.02.005 |
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