Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Arum maculatum has a long, if limited, medicinal footprint in Europe. In traditional English herbal practice the rhizome was prepared as a demulcent syrup or a weak decoction to soothe irritable coughs, with the dried root macerated in cold water or steeped briefly before use (Grieve, 1931). French folk medicine occasionally used a rhizome poultice for “softening” topical swellings and as a resolvent, though preparations were intentionally mild and short in duration (Fleurentin and Pelt, 2006). In the Italian Alps, small pieces of boiled rhizome were taken as a demulcent infusion in the treatment of gastritis and sore throat (Camangi et al., 2005). These uses consistently involve the rhizome, are relatively infrequent, and are confined to demulcent or external applications.

Despite its persistence in regional lore, Arum maculatum was rarely used in Britain as a general tonic or “spring tonic.” Pharmacological texts emphasize the risk of its oxalic compounds and the necessity of short infusions or washes (British Herbal Pharmacopoeia, 1996). French sources similarly advise very mild decoctions or compresses for topical problems (Rocheblave, 1953).

One practical recipe: make a mild demulcent tea. Place 1–2 g of cleaned, thinly sliced dried rhizome in 180–200 mL cold water, bring to a gentle boil, and simmer for 2–3 minutes. Remove from heat and steep, covered, for 10–12 minutes, then strain. For external use as a compress, cool the decoction to a comfortably warm temperature and apply to clean skin for no longer than 10 minutes. Because the rhizome contains calcium oxalate raphides and is acrid, this preparation is for very short use only; avoid internal use in children, in pregnancy, and for anyone with kidney stones.
(Contributing sources: Grieve, 1931; British Herbal Pharmacopoeia, 1996; Fleurentin and Pelt, 2006.)

The plant’s best‑known constituents are calcium oxalate raphides and their co‑occurring serine protease, which together explain the irritant and acrid qualities. Mucilage and a modest polysaccharide fraction account for the short‑lived demulcent effect when the decoction is dilute and brief.

Today, Arum maculatum is rarely sold commercially as an herbal remedy, and research on its pharmacology remains sparse due to its toxicity. Where it survives as a folk remedy, use is largely confined to local compresses for skin swellings and occasional mild, very short infusions for coughs (Camangi et al., 2005).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Arum maculatum has minimal documented commercial applications. Its historical primary non-medicinal use was as a source of starch after extensive processing to neutralize toxic calcium oxalate raphides. This starch was occasionally utilized as a laundry starch or finishing agent in textiles.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Historically, the tubers were processed (repeated boiling, drying, and fermentation) to produce an edible flour or starch base. This required detoxification, as the raw plant contains irritant calcium oxalate crystals. No significant modern food applications are recorded; its toxicity precludes widespread culinary use.

Properties relevant to use:
The presence of high concentrations of needle-shaped calcium oxalate raphides causes severe oral and throat irritation. The processed starch exhibited typical properties of plant-derived starches, primarily amylopectin, imparting stiffness and gloss when applied as a sizing agent to fabrics or paper.

Scientific/model-organism use:
Arum maculatum is used as a model organism in plant physiology research, particularly for studying thermogenesis. Its inflorescences generate significant heat during female anthesis through alternative oxidase pathway activity, a trait studied in mitochondrial respiration and thermogenic plants. Its spathe is frequently cited in studies on floral scent chemistry and programmed cell death in the appendix tissue. Resources include research databases like NCBI (PubMed, GenBank) for genetic/molecular studies, standard botanical specimen repositories, and protocols for thermogenic measurements.

Standards and regulation:
No specific ISO/ASTM/EN standards exist for Arum maculatum products. As a toxic plant, national regulations may restrict commercial food or cosmetic use without explicit detoxification approval.

Sustainability and sourcing:
The species is widespread across its native European range and typically sourced from wild populations for research purposes. No significant cultivation for non-medicinal uses is documented.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Arisarum maculatum	Raf.	Fl. Tellur. 3: 63 (1837)
Arum gracile	Unverr. ex Schott	Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 91. 1860
Arum heldreichii	Orph. ex Boiss.	Fl. Orient. 5: 40 (1882)
Arum immaculatum	Rchb.	Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 7: 6 (1845)
Arum italicum var. amoenum	Engl.	Pflanzenr. IV, 23F: 86 1920
Arum italicum subsp. byzantinum	(Blume) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. 755. 1882 (1882)
Arum italicum var. byzantinum	(Blume) Engl.	Monogr. Phan. 2: 593. 1879
Arum maculatum var. flavescens	Melzer ex Janch.	Cat. Fl. Austr. 1: 877 1960
Arum maculatum f. flavescens	(Melzer exJanchen) Riedl	Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 2(1.5): 331 (1979)
Arum maculatum f. immaculatum	(Mutel) Țopa	Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 779 (1972)
Arum maculatum var. immaculatum	Rchb.	Fl. Germ. Excurs. 10 1830
Arum maculatum var. karpatii	Terpó	Bot. Közlem. 58: 157 (1971)
Arum maculatum subsp. pyrenaeum	(Dufour) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. 755. 1882 (1882)
Arum maculatum f. roseum	(Grembl. ex Engl.) Riedl	Phyton (Horn) 12: 166 1967
Arum maculatum f. scolopendriforme	Priszter ex Horvat	Borbásia 9: 129 1949
Arum maculatum f. spathulatum	Terpó	Bot. Közlem. 58: 157 (1971)
Arum maculatum var. tetrelii	Corb.	Nouv. Fl. Normandie Suppl.: 2 1898
Arum maculatum f. tetrelii	(Corb.) Terpó	Bot. Közlem. 58: 160 (1971)
Arum maculatum var. vulgare	(Lam.) Engl.	Pflanzenr. IV, 23F: 86. 1920
Arum maculatum var. zelebori	(Schott) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. 755 1882
Arum malyi	Schott	Prodr. Syst. Aroid. : 93 (1860)
Arum orientale subsp. amoenum	(Engl.) R.R.Mill	Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 47 (1983)
Arum pyrenaeum	Dufour	Hist. Pl. Pyrénées , Suppl.: 143 (1818)
Arum trapezuntinum	Schott ex Engl.	Monogr. Phan. 2: 592 (1879)
Arum vernale	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 261 (1796)
Arum vulgare	Lam.	Fl. Franç. 3: 537 (1779)
Arum zelebori	Schott	Prodr. Syst. Aroid. : 94 (1860)
Arum maculatum var. heldreichii	(Orph. ex Boiss.) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. 755. 1882
Arum maculatum var. malyi	(Schott) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. 755. 1882
Arum alpinum subsp. pyrenaeum	(Dufour) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. 755. 1882 (1882)
Arum byzantinum	Blume	Rumphia 1: 121 (1836)
Arum maculatum var. zelebori	(Schott) Beck	Fl. Bosne 2: 58 1903
Arum vulgare var. immaculatum	Gray	Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 38 (1821 publ. 1822)
Arum maculatum var. zeleborii	(Schott) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. : 755 (1882)
Arum maculatum var. tetrellii	Corb.	Nouv. Fl. Normandie , Suppl. 2: ? (1898)
Arum vulgare var. albovenosum	DC.	Fl. Franç. , éd. 3, 6: 302 (1815)
Arum maculatum f. flavescens	Melzer ex Riedl	Phyton (Horn) 12: 166 (1967)
Arum maculatum subvar. immaculatum	Mutel	Fl. Franç. Herbor. 3: 339 (1836)
Arum maculatum subvar. malyi	(Schott) Engl.	Pflanzenr. , IV, 23F: 93 (1920)
Arum maculatum subvar. pyrenaeum	(Dufour) Engl.	Pflanzenr. , IV, 23F: 91 (1920)
Arum maculatum subvar. roseum	Grembl. ex Engl.	Pflanzenr. , IV, 23F: 91 (1920)
Arum maculatum var. pyrenaeum	(Dufour) P.Fourn.	Quatre Fl. France : 143 (1935)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	parson and clerk
English	parson-and-clerk
English	parson-in-his-smock
English	lords and ladies
English	cuckoo-pint
English	snakeshead
Spanish	velas del diañu
Spanish	yaro comun
Spanish	yarillo
Spanish	araa
Spanish	aro manchado
Spanish	barba de aaron
Spanish	barba de aarón
Spanish	comida culebras
Spanish	dragontia menor
Spanish	hoja de culebra
Spanish	vela del diablo
Spanish	velas del dianu
Spanish	yaro común
Spanish	arum malyi
Spanish	arum vernale
Spanish	arum vulgare
Spanish	arum zelebori
Arabic	لوف أبقع
Arabic	لوف بيزنطي
Azerbaijani	xallı danaayağı
Belarusian	Ароннік плямісты
Bulgarian	петнист змиярник
Catalan	gouet tacheté
Czech	árón plamatý
Czech	aron plamatý
Czech	arón plamatý
Welsh	lili'r grog
Welsh	pidyn y gog
Danish	plettet ingefær
Danish	plettet arum
German	zehrwurz
German	gouet tacheté
German	gefleckter aronstab
diq	kardı
Estonian	tähniline aarum
Persian	کارده سرماری
Finnish	aaroninsauva
Finnish	täplämunkinhuppu
French	vachotte
French	pied de veau
French	gouet tacheté
Irish	cluas chaoin
Manx	cleaysh voddee
Croatian	pjegasti kozlac
Upper Sorbian	blakaty klep
Hungarian	foltos kontyvirág
Armenian	Նվիկ բծավոր
Icelandic	hulsturblaðka
Italian	gigaro scuro
Japanese	アルム・マクラトゥム
ku	karî
Cornish	skav a'y ligyon
Lithuanian	gouet tacheté
Macedonian	дамчест козлец
Macedonian	козлец
Macedonian	змиско грозје
Dutch	gevlekte aronskelk
Norwegian Nynorsk	flekkmunkehette
os	Тæппытæ калакъода
Polish	obrazki plamiste
Russian	Аронник пятнистый
Serbo-Croatian	kozlac
Slovak	áron škvrnitý
Slovenian	pegasti kačnik
Albanian	këlkeza e njollosur
Serbian	arirhizoma
Serbian	Козлац
Serbian	Змијин чешаљ
Serbian	arum vulgare
Swedish	aronsört
Swedish	fläckig munkhätta
Swedish	gouet tacheté
Chinese	斑葉疆南星
Chinese	斑点疆南星
Chinese	斑叶疆南星

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Alternate between 20°C and 4°C for 3 months each, across multiple cycles, acknowledging that germination may be prolonged.

Requires Darkness: These seeds need to be covered with soil or otherwise kept in the dark to germinate properly. Light inhibits their germination process.

Requires Soaking: These seeds need to be soaked in warm water until they swell, which can take 24-48 hours. Seeds that float are usually not viable and should be discarded, along with the soaking water.

Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate.

store seeds @ 6°C; grow seedlings at cool temperature till true leaf appears

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- Western Asia
  - Turkey

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Krym
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Romania
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - France
  - Spain

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000279961
Tropicos	50050051
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:85951-1
The Plant List	kew-16060
Open Tree Of Life	703434
Observations.org	114892
NCBI Taxonomy	749966
IPNI	85951-1
iNaturalist	994302
GBIF	5330506
EOL	1133642
Elurikkus	517819
Wikipedia	Arum_byzantinum
UNII	4A98PNT7EL
USDA Plants	ARMA29
Tropicos	2101905
INPN	84112
Flora of Italy	7851
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:86067-1
The Plant List	kew-16240
Open Tree Of Life	481976
NCBI Taxonomy	4458
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000002351
IPNI	86067-1
iNaturalist	61318
GBIF	5330580
Freebase	/m/05bkkr
EPPO	ABGMA
EOL	1133264
USDA GRIN	4354
Wikipedia	Arum_maculatum

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Cultural vs. State Borders: Plant Foraging by Hawraman and Mukriyan Kurds in Western Iran

Sulaiman N, Salehi F, Prakofjewa J, Cavalleri SA, Ahmed HM, Mattalia G, Rastegar A, Maghsudi M, Amin HM, Rasti A, Hosseini SH, Ghorbani A, Pieroni A, Sõukand R

Plants (Basel)

08-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11013122
doi:	10.3390/plants13071048
PMID:	38611576

A systematic methodology to assess the identity of plants in historical texts: A case study based on the Byzantine pharmacy text John the Physician's Therapeutics

Lardos A, Patmore K, Allkin R, Lazarou R, Nesbitt M, Scott AC, Zipser B

J Ethnopharmacol

25-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC7615571
doi:	10.1016/j.jep.2023.117622
PMID:	38128894

Alternative Oxidase: From Molecule and Function to Future Inhibitors

Li J, Yang S, Wu Y, Wang R, Liu Y, Liu J, Ye Z, Tang R, Whiteway M, Lv Q, Yan L

ACS Omega

04-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10955580
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.3c09339
PMID:	38524433

Traditional Use of Wild Edible Plants in Slovenia: A Field Study and an Ethnobotanical Literature Review

Papež Kristanc A, Kreft S, Strgulc Krajšek S, Kristanc L

Plants (Basel)

24-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10934440
doi:	10.3390/plants13050621
PMID:	38475472

Frugivore-mediated seed dispersal in fragmented landscapes: Compositional and functional turnover from forest to matrix

González-Varo JP, Albrecht J, Arroyo JM, Bueno RS, Burgos T, Escribano-Ávila G, Farwig N, García D, Illera JC, Jordano P, Kurek P, Rösner S, Virgós E, Sutherland WJ

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

23-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10622928
doi:	10.1073/pnas.2302440120
PMID:	37871198

OXPHOS Organization and Activity in Mitochondria of Plants with Different Life Strategies

Ukolova IV, Borovskii GB

Int J Mol Sci

16-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10607765
doi:	10.3390/ijms242015229
PMID:	37894910

Endoreplication—Why Are We Not Using Its Full Application Potential?

Kołodziejczyk I, Tomczyk P, Kaźmierczak A

Int J Mol Sci

24-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10380914
doi:	10.3390/ijms241411859
PMID:	37511616

Plant Secondary Metabolites: The Weapons for Biotic Stress Management

Al-Khayri JM, Rashmi R, Toppo V, Chole PB, Banadka A, Sudheer WN, Nagella P, Shehata WF, Al-Mssallem MQ, Alessa FM, Almaghasla MI, Rezk AA

Metabolites

31-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10302943
doi:	10.3390/metabo13060716
PMID:	37367873

Urtica dioica Agglutinin Prevents Rabies Virus Infection in a Muscle Explant Model

Wang X, Terrie L, Wu G, Van Damme EJ, Thorrez L, Fooks AR, Banyard AC, Jochmans D, Neyts J

Pharmaceutics

28-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10221701
doi:	10.3390/pharmaceutics15051353
PMID:	37242595

New Data on Native and Alien Vascular Flora of Sicily (Italy): New Findings and Updates

Cambria S, Azzaro D, Caldarella O, Aleo M, Bazan G, Guarino R, Torre G, Cristaudo AE, Ilardi V, La Rosa A, Laface VL, Luchino F, Mascia F, Minissale P, Sciandrello S, Tosetto L, Tavilla G

Plants (Basel)

23-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10181230
doi:	10.3390/plants12091743
PMID:	37176800

Labellum Features and Chemical Composition of Floral Scent in Bulbophyllum carunculatum Garay, Hamer & Siegrist (Section Lepidorhiza Schltr., Bulbophyllinae Schltr., Orchidaceae Juss.)

Wiśniewska N, Gołębiowski M, Kowalkowska AK

Plants (Basel)

06-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10097095
doi:	10.3390/plants12071568
PMID:	37050195

Invasion of a Horticultural Plant into Forests: Lamium galeobdolon argentatum Affects Native Above-Ground Vegetation and Soil Properties

Rusterholz HP, Huber K, Baur B

Plants (Basel)

31-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10097399
doi:	10.3390/plants12071527
PMID:	37050152

Wound Healing Activity of Arum Maculatum

ARZU SAKUL A, OKUR ME, AYLA S, DAYLAN B, KARADAG AE, BATUR S, OZDEMIR EM, ALTINALAN E, GUNAL MY

Medeni Med J

27-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10064101
doi:	10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2022.73368
PMID:	36974384

A review on pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila and their mitigation through medicinal herbs in aquaculture

Semwal A, Kumar A, Kumar N

Heliyon

28-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC10018484
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14088
PMID:	36938468

Variation in scent amount but not in composition correlates with pollinator visits within populations of deceptive Arum maculatum L. (Araceae)

Gfrerer E, Laina D, Gibernau M, Comes HP, Hörger AC, Dötterl S

Front Plant Sci

09-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9869488
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2022.1046532
PMID:	36699827

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters / o-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters
Methyl Salicylate	4133	Click to see COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O	152.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyl alcohols
Benzyl Alcohol	244	Click to see	108.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Cumenes
o-Cymene	10703	Click to see CC1=CC=CC=C1C(C)C	134.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Cresols / Para cresols
P-Cresol	2879	Click to see	108.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Hexadecane	11006	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	226.44	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Olefins / Cyclic olefins / Azulenes
Azulene	9231	Click to see	128.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons
1-Hexadecene	12395	Click to see	224.42	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
1-Octadecene	8217	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C	252.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Fatty acid methyl esters
Methyl butyrate	12180	Click to see	102.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
Methyl Octanoate	8091	Click to see	158.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Branched fatty acids / Methyl-branched fatty acids
2-Methylbutanoic Acid	8314	Click to see	102.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
13-Phenyltridec-9-enoic acid	85988785	Click to see	288.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/EJLT.200300865
15-Phenylpentadec-9-enoic acid	85988787	Click to see	316.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/EJLT.200300865
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
2-Nonanol	12367	Click to see CCCCCCCC(C)O	144.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Citronellol	8842	Click to see	156.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
Dihydromyrcene, (-)-	10997105	Click to see	138.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
Geranylacetone	1549778	Click to see	194.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
Myrcene	31253	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(+-)-alpha-Pinene	6654	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
alpha-CIS-BERGAMOTENE	6429303	Click to see CC1=CCC2CC1C2(C)CCC=C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
Beta-Pinene	14896	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
Sabinene	18818	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
4-Terpineol, (+/-)-	11230	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)(C(C)C)O	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
Limonene, (+/-)-	22311	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
Terpinolene	11463	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(1R,2S,7S,8S)-1,3-dimethyl-8-propan-2-yltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene	92042749	Click to see CC1=CCC2C3C1C2(CCC3C(C)C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
4,8,8-Trimethyl-9-methylidenedecahydro-1,4-methanoazulene	289151	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
alpha-Guaiene	5317844	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
Cadina-1(10),4-diene	10223	Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(=C2CC1)C)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
Caryophyllene	5281515	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
CID 16396350	16396350	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C3C1C(C2=C)CC3)C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
Copaene	19725	Click to see CC1=CCC2C3C1C2(CCC3C(C)C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
delta-Cadinene	441005	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
Humulene	5281520	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Aromadendrane sesquiterpenoids / 5,10-cycloaromadendrane sesquiterpenoids
(-)-alpha-Gurjunene	15560276	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
(1aS,4aS,7aS,7bR)-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylidene-2,3,4a,5,6,7,7a,7b-octahydro-1aH-cyclopropa[e]azulene	91746456	Click to see CC1CCC2C1C3C(C3(C)C)CCC2=C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
1H-Cycloprop(e)azulene, decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-, (1aR-(1aalpha,4abeta,7alpha,7abeta,7balpha))-	91354	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
Alloaromadendren	91746537	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
Viridiflorene	10910653	Click to see CC1CCC2=C(CCC3C(C12)C3(C)C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids
(2S,4aR,7R,8aR)-7-hydroperoxy-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4a-methyl-8-methylidene-3,4,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-ol	101006250	Click to see	270.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-328X(75)80078-X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids
(S,1Z,6Z)-8-Isopropyl-1-methyl-5-methylenecyclodeca-1,6-diene	91723653	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
Germacrene B	5281519	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=CCC(=C(C)C)CC1)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
Germacrene D	5317570	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Amines / Aralkylamines
1-Methyl-2-(9-phenylnonyl)pyrrolidine	24881275	Click to see CN1CCCC1CCCCCCCCCC2=CC=CC=C2	287.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957490
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
Chlorogenic Acid	1794427	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85315-5
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Medium-chain aldehydes
Decanal	8175	Click to see	156.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
Nonanal	31289	Click to see CCCCCCCCC=O	142.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones
2-Heptanone	8051	Click to see	114.19	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
2-Nonanone	13187	Click to see	142.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
3-Methyl-2-butanone	11251	Click to see	86.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
3-Methylpentan-2-One	11262	Click to see	100.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one	9862	Click to see	126.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(95)00026-Q
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
Di-p-coumaroylputrescine	129664305	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC(=O)N(CCCCN)C(=O)C=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O	380.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(80)85057-6
Di-p-coumaroylspermidine	129664297	Click to see	437.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(80)85057-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Caffeic Acid	689043	Click to see	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85315-5
P-Coumaric Acid	637542	Click to see	164.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85315-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin	5280443	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85315-5
Luteolin	5280445	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	286.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85315-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides
Isoorientin	114776	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85315-5
Isovitexin	162350	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85315-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
Orientin	5281675	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85315-5
Vitexin	5280441	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85315-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Quercitrin	5280459	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85315-5
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85315-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
Luteolin 7-O-glucoside	5280637	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85315-5
Saponarin	441381	Click to see	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85315-5

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Arum maculatum

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