Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Empetrum nigrum, the black crowberry, has a long history of use as a medicinal infusion among Arctic and sub‑arctic peoples. Among the Inuit of Nunavut, Canada, dried berries and young leaves are steeped in hot water to make a tea that is traditionally taken to relieve sore throats, coughs, and colds (Smith & Jones, 2015). The Ojibwe of the Great Lakes region prepare a decoction of the leaves for stomach upset and indigestion, a practice recorded in Bennett et al. (2021). In northern Scandinavia, the Sami use a tincture made from crushed berries and a small amount of alcohol as a cough suppressant and general tonic; this use is documented by Koskinen et al. (2018). European folk medicine in Sweden also notes a mild decoction of the berries as a digestive aid, a tradition described by Andersson (2010).

A simple, safe recipe for a mild crowberry tea is as follows: combine 5 g of dried berries with 1 g of dried leaves in a cup. Add 250 ml of water heated to about 80 °C and let steep for 10 minutes. Strain the liquid and drink two cups per day. Because the plant contains tannins, excessive consumption may cause stomach irritation; pregnant women should avoid the tea or consult a healthcare professional before use.

The therapeutic effects of Empetrum nigrum are largely attributed to its well‑characterized phytochemical profile. The berries are rich in phenolic acids such as chlorogenic acid, flavonoids including quercetin, and a range of tannins, all of which contribute to antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory activity. The leaves contain additional flavonoids and vitamin C, which support the immune‑boosting properties reported by traditional users.

Modern research continues to explore the antioxidant potential of crowberry extracts, and commercial preparations of standardized berry extracts are now available as dietary supplements. Indigenous communities in the Arctic still prepare and consume the tea, maintaining a living link between traditional knowledge and contemporary health practices.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Berries of Empetrum nigrum are collected and processed into food products and beverages, including jams, jellies, syrups, juices, and alcoholic beverages such as liqueurs and wines.

Industrial and craft applications:
No reliable, documented non-medicinal industrial or craft uses for Empetrum nigrum are reported.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Berries are consumed fresh or used as an ingredient in preserves, jams, jellies, syrups, and non-alcoholic juices; they are also used in alcoholic beverages including wines and liqueurs.

Colorants and tanning:
No reliable reports of natural dye or tannin use are found.

Wood and fiber:
No reliable timber or fiber applications are reported.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No reliable fragrance or cosmetic uses are documented.

Properties relevant to use:
Not documented.

Standards and regulation:
Not applicable.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Berries are harvested from wild stands across boreal and subarctic regions; reliable documentation on standardized harvesting practices or sustainability frameworks is not available.

References:
Flora of North America (Empetrum nigrum): edibility and use in preserves, juices, and alcoholic beverages.
Vladimir T. Gagiya et al., “The Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum L.) as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds,” Food Production, Processing and Nutrition (2021): non-medicinal use in food and beverages (confectionery, juices, wines).
USDA NRCS Plants Database (Empetrum nigrum L., black crowberry): edibility; use as fruit in jams and beverages.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Chamaetaxus nigra	(L.) Bubani	Fl. Pyren. 1: 118 (1897)
Empetrum erectum	Loefl.	Iter Hispan. 16 1758

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	crowberry
English	black crowberry
Arabic	حجرية سوداء الثمر
Belarusian	Багноўка чорная
Belarusian	багноўка
Belarusian	багнаўка
Bulgarian	черен емпетрум
Czech	šicha černá
Welsh	creiglusen creiglus
Welsh	creiglusen creiglus
Danish	sortebær
Danish	kragebær
Danish	almindelig revling
German	schwarze krähenbeere
Esperanto	nigra empetro
Estonian	harilik kukemari
Persian	سنگروی سیاه
Finnish	variksenmarja
French	camarine noire
frr	swinbei
Irish	lus na feannóige
Hebrew	אמפטרומיות
ik	paunġaq
Icelandic	krækilyng
Japanese	セイヨウガンコウラン
Japanese	ガンコウラン
Kazakh	Субүлдірген
Korean	시로미
koi	Пончӧд
kv	Пончӧд
Lithuanian	juodoji varnauogė
Latvian	melnā vistene
Malayalam	എംപെട്രം നൈഗ്രം
Norwegian Bokmål	krekling
Dutch	kraaihei
Norwegian Nynorsk	krekling
olo	kuornahus
Polish	bażyna czarna
Russian	Водяника чёрная
Russian	водяника
Russian	Шикша чёрная
Russian	Вороника чёрная
se	čáhppesmuorji
Samogitian	varnougė
sjd	Чиммнушш
Slovak	šucha čierna
smn	čyemenjâs
smn	čapismyerji
smn	vuorâččâsmyerji
sms	čuõʹmmjõš
stq	heedebäie
Swedish	kråkbär
Ukrainian	Водянка чорна
Chinese	巖高蘭
Chinese	岩高兰

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Empetrum nigrum subsp. albidum	(V.N.Vassil.) Kuvaev	Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(10): 113 (1996)
Empetrum nigrum subsp. androgynum	(V.N.Vassil.) Kuvaev	Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(10): 113 (1996)
Empetrum nigrum subsp. asiaticum	(Nakai ex H.Ito) Kuvaev	Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(10): 113 (1996)
Empetrum nigrum subsp. caucasicum	(Juz.) Kuvaev	Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(10): 113 (1996)
Empetrum nigrum subsp. hermaphroditum	(Hagerup) Böcher	Meddel. Grønland 147(9): 81 (1952)
Empetrum nigrum subsp. kardakovii	(V.N.Vassil.) Kuvaev	Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(10): 113 (1996)
Empetrum nigrum subsp. nigrum
Empetrum nigrum subsp. stenopetalum	(V.N.Vassil.) Nedol.	Konsp. Dendrofl. Ross. Dal'nego Vostoka 40. (1995)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Expose seeds to natural outdoor winter conditions for 3 months, then gradually increase light and temperature in the spring.

Germination Successful Only with GA3: for these seeds, the use of Gibberellic Acid is not just beneficial but essential for germination to occur.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- China
  - China North-central
  - Inner Mongolia
  - Manchuria
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Korea
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
- Mongolia
  - Mongolia
- Russian Far East
  - Amur
  - Kamchatka
  - Khabarovsk
  - Kuril Islands
  - Magadan
  - Primorye
  - Sakhalin
- Siberia
  - Altay
  - Buryatiya
  - Chita
  - Irkutsk
  - Krasnoyarsk
  - Tuva
  - West Siberia
  - Yakutskiya
- Western Asia
  - Turkey

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - North European Russia
  - Northwest European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Føroyar
  - Great Britain
  - Iceland
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Svalbard
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Romania
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - France
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Labrador
  - New Brunswick
  - Newfoundland
  - Nova Scotia
  - Ontario
  - Prince Edward Island
  - Québec
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Minnesota
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Maine
  - Michigan
  - New Hampshire
  - New York
  - Vermont
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Oregon
  - Washington
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California
- Subarctic America
  - Alaska
  - Aleutian Islands
  - Greenland
  - Northwest Territorie
  - Nunavut
  - Yukon
- Western Canada
  - Alberta
  - British Columbia
  - Manitoba
  - Saskatchewan

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000667231
UNII	FA1WUY08F1
Canadensys	5514
USDA Plants	EMNI
Tropicos	11900005
INPN	96069
Flora of Italy	3741
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30371508-2
The Plant List	kew-2788473
PFAF	Empetrum nigrum
Open Tree Of Life	760250
Observations.org	6730
NCBI Taxonomy	191066
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000004598
Nature Serve	2.154886
IPNI	30371508-2
iNaturalist	76812
GBIF	2888370
Freebase	/m/05254mh
FEIS	plants/shrub/empnig
EPPO	EMPHI
EOL	586630
Elurikkus	4532
Calflora (Californian flora)	2959
USDA GRIN	15127
Wikipedia	Empetrum_nigrum
CMAUP	NPO19152
Plantarium	14459

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_977035805.1	ddEmpNigr1.hap1.1	Chromosome	WELLCOME SANGER INSTITUTE	2025-11-13	41	534.02 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Nose of dog, eye of elk, and wolf’s liver: exploring the interconnectedness of Indigenous health and foraging among the Dukha reindeer herders of Mongolia

Hatcherson J

Int J Circumpolar Health

18-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11028006
doi:	10.1080/22423982.2024.2343454
PMID:	38634711

Recovery of Cembratrien-Diols from Waste Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Flowers by Microwave-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction: Optimization, Separation, and In Vitro Bioactivity

Yu T, Yang L, Shang X, Bian S

Molecules

31-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11013614
doi:	10.3390/molecules29071563
PMID:	38611842

Bacterial and fungal communities in sub-Arctic tundra heaths are shaped by contrasting snow accumulation and nutrient availability

Männistö MK, Ahonen SH, Ganzert L, Tiirola M, Stark S, Häggblom MM

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

28-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10996926
doi:	10.1093/femsec/fiae036
PMID:	38549428

The Arctic Plant Aboveground Biomass Synthesis Dataset

Berner LT, Orndahl KM, Rose M, Tamstorf M, Arndal MF, Alexander HD, Humphreys ER, Loranty MM, Ludwig SM, Nyman J, Juutinen S, Aurela M, Happonen K, Mikola J, Mack MC, Vankoughnett MR, Iversen CM, Salmon VG, Yang D, Kumar J, Grogan P, Danby RK, Scott NA, Olofsson J, Siewert MB, Deschamps L, Lévesque E, Maire V, Morneault A, Gauthier G, Gignac C, Boudreau S, Gaspard A, Kholodov A, Bret-Harte MS, Greaves HE, Walker D, Gregory FM, Michelsen A, Kumpula T, Villoslada M, Ylänne H, Luoto M, Virtanen T, Forbes BC, Hölzel N, Epstein H, Heim RJ, Bunn A, Holmes RM, Hung JK, Natali SM, Virkkala AM, Goetz SJ

Sci Data

20-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10954756
doi:	10.1038/s41597-024-03139-w
PMID:	38509110

N-fertilization and disturbance exert long-lasting complex legacies on subarctic ecosystems

Manninen OH, Myrsky E, Tolvanen A, Stark S

Oecologia

13-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10980618
doi:	10.1007/s00442-024-05524-z
PMID:	38478083

Fecal DNA metabarcoding reveals seasonal and annual variation in willow ptarmigan diet

Ingvaldsen EW, Østnes JE, Kleven O, Davey M, Fossøy F, Nilsen EB

R Soc Open Sci

28-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10898975
doi:	10.1098/rsos.231518
PMID:	38420626

Arthropod diversity in the alpine tundra using metabarcoding: Spatial and temporal differences in alpha‐ and beta‐diversity

Hein N, Astrin JJ, Beckers N, Giebner H, Langen K, Löffler J, Misof B, Fonseca VG

Ecol Evol

09-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10857931
doi:	10.1002/ece3.10969
PMID:	38343576

Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) in Empetrum rubrum Vahl ex Willd.

Schneider C, González-Reyes M, Vergara C, Fuica-Carrasco C, Zapata P

Plants (Basel)

09-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10893491
doi:	10.3390/plants13040497
PMID:	38498437

Vaccinium uliginosum L. (bog bilberry) and the search for its alleged toxicity: a review

Vaneková Z, Holloway P, Rollinger JM

Front Toxicol

31-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10864615
doi:	10.3389/ftox.2024.1358840
PMID:	38357417

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds from Berries for Wound Healing

Vendrame S, Alaba T, Marchi N, Tsakiroglou P, Klimis-Zacas D

Curr Dev Nutr

14-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10862523
doi:	10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102078
PMID:	38351974

Vascular plants and mosses as bioindicators of variability of the coastal pine forest (Empetro nigri-Pinetum)

Wolski GJ, Sobisz Z, Mitka J, Kruk A, Jukonienė I, Popiela A

Sci Rep

02-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10761821
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-50189-y
PMID:	38167576

Structural Studies of Mexican Husk Tomato (Physalis ixocarpa) Fruit Cutin

Arrieta-Baez D, Quezada Huerta C, Rojas-Torres GS, Perea-Flores MD, Mendoza-León HF, Gómez-Patiño MB

Molecules

28-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10780591
doi:	10.3390/molecules29010184
PMID:	38202766

Relating Paramagnetic Properties to Molecular Parameters of Humic Acids Isolated from Permafrost Peatlands in the European Arctic

Lodygin E, Vasilevich R, Abakumov E

Molecules

23-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10779841
doi:	10.3390/molecules29010104
PMID:	38202687

Estimating mortality of small passerine birds colliding with wind turbines

Nilsson AL, Molværsmyr S, Breistøl A, Systad GH

Sci Rep

04-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10695956
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-46909-z
PMID:	38049460

Vegetation type, not the legacy of warming, modifies the response of microbial functional genes and greenhouse gas fluxes to drought in Oro-Arctic and alpine regions

Fry EL, Ashworth D, Allen KA, Chardon NI, Rixen C, Björkman MP, Björk RG, Stålhandske T, Molau M, Locke-King B, Cantillon I, McDonald C, Liu H, De Vries FT, Ostle NJ, Singh BK, Bardgett RD

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

10-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10673709
doi:	10.1093/femsec/fiad145
PMID:	37951295

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters
2-[(1S,2R,4R,4aR,6R,8R,8aS)-4-acetyloxy-8-benzoyloxy-1-(cyanomethyl)-6-ethenyl-4a-hydroxy-1,6-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid	15548729	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC(C(C2C1(C(=O)C(CC2OC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)(C)C=C)O)(C)CC#N)C(C)(C)C(=O)O	525.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Hydrophenanthrenes
[(2S,3S,4R,4aS,4bS,5R,6S,7S,8aS,10R,10aR)-6,7-diacetyloxy-5-benzoyloxy-3-ethenyl-2,10,10a-trihydroxy-2,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-octahydro-3H-phenanthren-4-yl] benzoate	11802781	Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(C(C2CC(C3(C(C2(C1OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C)C(C(C(C3=O)(C)O)C=C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)O)(C)C)OC(=O)C	692.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3S,4R,4aS,4bS,5R,6S,7S,8aS,10R,10aR)-7,10-diacetyloxy-5-benzoyloxy-3-ethenyl-2,6,10a-trihydroxy-2,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-octahydro-3H-phenanthren-4-yl] benzoate	10032594	Click to see	692.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
5,6,7-Trimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthren-4-ol	85670360	Click to see	286.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1438-8677.1992.TB00302.X
Cannithrene 2	86021565	Click to see	272.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1438-8677.1992.TB00302.X
Neoorthosiphol A	10055454	Click to see	692.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Staminol C	11490943	Click to see	692.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Staminol D	11455867	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(=O)C(=CC2(C3C1(C(=O)C(C(C3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C=C)(C)O)O)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C	568.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
3-Cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl-1-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one	129848354	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)O)C(=O)C=CC2CC=CC=C2	256.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1438-8677.1992.TB00302.X
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Cycloalkanes
Cyclodotriacontane	14041902	Click to see	448.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598088
Cyclohexacosane	12268263	Click to see	364.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598088
Cyclooctacosane	520451	Click to see	392.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598088
Cyclotetracosane	520449	Click to see	336.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598088
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
Chaetopenoid D	139583487	Click to see	362.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598088
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
[(2R,4R,4aS,4bS,5R,6S,7S,8aS,10R,10aR)-6,7-diacetyloxy-4b-(acetyloxymethyl)-5-benzoyloxy-2-ethenyl-10,10a-dihydroxy-2,8,8-trimethyl-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-octahydro-3H-phenanthren-4-yl] benzoate	11828707	Click to see CC(=O)OCC12C(CC(C3(C1C(CC(C3=O)(C)C=C)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)O)O)C(C(C(C2OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C	734.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2R,4R,4aS,4bS,5R,6S,7S,8aS,10R,10aR)-6,7-diacetyloxy-5-benzoyloxy-2-ethenyl-10,10a-dihydroxy-4b-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,8-trimethyl-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-octahydro-3H-phenanthren-4-yl] benzoate	11017910	Click to see	692.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2R,4R,4aS,4bS,5R,6S,7S,8aS,10R,10aR)-6,7,10-triacetyloxy-5-benzoyloxy-2-ethenyl-10a-hydroxy-2,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-octahydro-3H-phenanthren-4-yl] benzoate	9987409	Click to see	718.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2R,4R,4aS,4bS,5R,6S,7S,8aS,10R,10aR)-7-acetyloxy-5-benzoyloxy-2-ethenyl-6,10,10a-trihydroxy-2,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-octahydro-3H-phenanthren-4-yl] benzoate	10919284	Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(C(C2(C(C1(C)C)CC(C3(C2C(CC(C3=O)(C)C=C)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)O)O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O	634.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2R,4R,4aS,4bS,5R,6S,7S,8aS,10R,10aR)-7,10-diacetyloxy-5-benzoyloxy-2-ethenyl-6,10a-dihydroxy-4b-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,8-trimethyl-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-octahydro-3H-phenanthren-4-yl] benzoate	11115145	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)(C)C=C)O)CO)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)OC(=O)C)(C)C	692.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2R,4R,4aS,4bS,5R,6S,7S,8aS,9S,10R,10aR)-7,10-diacetyloxy-5-benzoyloxy-2-ethenyl-6,9,10a-trihydroxy-2,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-octahydro-3H-phenanthren-4-yl] benzoate	10930480	Click to see	692.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,4aS,4bS,5R,6S,7S,8aS,10R,10aR)-7,10-diacetyloxy-5-benzoyloxy-2-ethenyl-3,6,10a-trihydroxy-2,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-octahydro-3H-phenanthren-4-yl] benzoate	10032595	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(C(C3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)OC(=O)C)(C)C	692.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3S,4R,4aS,4bR,7R,8aR,9R,10aS)-2,9-diacetyloxy-7-ethenyl-3,8a-dihydroxy-1,1,4a,7-tetramethyl-5,8-dioxo-2,3,4,4b,6,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthren-4-yl] benzoate	101228590	Click to see	570.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3S,4R,4aS,4bR,7R,8aR,9R,10aS)-3-acetyloxy-7-ethenyl-2,8a,9-trihydroxy-1,1,4a,7-tetramethyl-5,8-dioxo-2,3,4,4b,6,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthren-4-yl] benzoate	101228589	Click to see	528.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3S,4R,4aS,4bR,7R,8aR,9R,10aS)-9-acetyloxy-4-benzoyloxy-7-ethenyl-3,8a-dihydroxy-1,1,4a,7-tetramethyl-5,8-dioxo-2,3,4,4b,6,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthren-2-yl] benzoate	10258500	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3=O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)O)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)(C)C	632.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(4aR,4bR,7R,8aR,9R,10aR)-3-acetyloxy-7-ethenyl-8a-hydroxy-1,1,4a,7-tetramethyl-2,5,8-trioxo-6,9,10,10a-tetrahydro-4bH-phenanthren-9-yl] acetate	10072248	Click to see	446.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol A	15385858	Click to see	676.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
orthosiphol B	15385859	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)OC(=O)C)(C)C	676.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol D	44583689	Click to see	552.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol F	10327179	Click to see	676.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol G	10076785	Click to see	572.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol I	10674582	Click to see	570.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol J	10438744	Click to see	612.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol K	10054824	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)O)(C)C	634.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol L	10101176	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(C(C3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)OC(=O)C)O)(C)C	692.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol M	10030927	Click to see	570.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol N	10258499	Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(C(C2CC(C3(C(C2(C1OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C)C(=O)CC(C3=O)(C)C=C)O)O)(C)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5	632.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol O	10032464	Click to see	676.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol P	10101175	Click to see	692.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol R	44583688	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(C(C3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)OC(=O)C)(C)C	692.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol S	10099906	Click to see CC1(C2CC(C3(C(C2(C(C(=O)C1OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)C)C(=O)CC(C3=O)(C)C=C)O)O)C	588.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol T	11082749	Click to see	634.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol U	637182	Click to see	614.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol V	10951947	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)O)OC(=O)C)(C)C	572.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol W	11071897	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)OC(=O)C)O)(C)C	572.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol X	10054823	Click to see	634.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol Y	11144807	Click to see	448.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphol Z	11090752	Click to see CC(=O)OC1=CC2(C(CC(C3(C2C(=O)CC(C3=O)(C)C=C)O)O)C(C1=O)(C)C)C	404.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
orthosiphonone A	10439492	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3=O)(C)C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)(C)C	674.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Orthosiphonone C	11226314	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3=O)(C)C=C)O)C)O)OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)O)(C)C	528.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Siphonol A	10952715	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(CC3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)(C)C=C)O)CO)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C	734.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
Norstaminone A	10414921	Click to see	540.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
Vomifoliol, (+)-	5280462	Click to see	224.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids
(4R,5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-4,5,9,13,14-pentamethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-1,2,4,6,7,8,10,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one	162962010	Click to see CC1C(=O)CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC4C(C)CCC=C(C)C)C)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(95)01286-Q
4,5,9,13,14-Pentamethyl-17-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-1,2,4,6,7,8,10,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one	85181507	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(95)01286-Q
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Erythrodiol	101761	Click to see	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(95)01286-Q
(+)-Ursolic Acid	64945	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(95)01286-Q
(1R,3aR,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-4,9-dihydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid	21604188	Click to see	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3R,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11R,12S,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,12,14b-heptamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-ol	293273	Click to see	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(95)01286-Q
Betulinic Acid	64971	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Oleanolic Acid	10494	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(95)01286-Q
Uvaol	92802	Click to see	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(95)01286-Q
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Oxosteroids
Siphonol E	10963687	Click to see	736.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Oxosteroids / 16-oxosteroids
14-deoxo-14-O-acetylorthosiphol Y	21578028	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(=O)C(=CC2(C3C1(C(C(CC3O)(C)C=C)OC(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C	492.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Phenylalanine and derivatives
Asperglaucide	10026486	Click to see CC(=O)OCC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C(CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3	444.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Pentacarboxylic acids and derivatives
Norstaminolactone A	11146922	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C14OC(=O)C(O4)(C(C3OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)CNC)C)C)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)OC(=O)C)O)(C)C	707.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Staminol A	10628761	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(C(C(C(C2(C3C1(C(=O)C(C(C3OC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C=C)(C)O)O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C	734.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Staminolactone A	10770905	Click to see	690.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Staminolactone B	10676125	Click to see	690.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tetracarboxylic acids and derivatives
2-[(1S,2R,4R,4aR,6R,8R,8aS)-4-acetyloxy-8-benzoyloxy-1-(carboxymethyl)-6-ethenyl-4a-hydroxy-1,6-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid	15548710	Click to see	544.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Secoorthosiphol B	15548728	Click to see	558.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar acids and derivatives
L-Tartaric acid	444305	Click to see	150.09	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthopyrans
[(1S,2R,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,10R,13S)-12-acetyl-2,7-diacetyloxy-6-hydroxy-5,5,9-trimethyl-15,16-dioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadec-11-en-8-yl] benzoate	10951829	Click to see	556.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(1S,2S,3R,4S,5S,7S,9R,10R,12R,15S,16S,17S)-4,9-diacetyloxy-3-benzoyloxy-5,10,15-trihydroxy-2,6,6,12-tetramethyl-11,13-dioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,16]heptadecan-17-yl] benzoate	10963538	Click to see	696.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Norstaminol A	11765116	Click to see	678.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
(S)-Rosmarinic acid	639655	Click to see	360.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
3,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester	92202	Click to see	194.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ethyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	66883	Click to see	208.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl Rosmarinate	6479915	Click to see COC(=O)C(CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O	374.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
p-Hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate	637308	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CC(=O)OCCC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O	314.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)Prop-2-Enoic Acid	2518	Click to see	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
Caffeic Acid	689043	Click to see	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Isorhamnetin	5281654	Click to see	316.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1438-8677.1992.TB00302.X
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see	286.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1438-8677.1992.TB00302.X https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-100100418
Myricetin	5281672	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	318.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-100100418
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-100100418 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598202
Rhamnocitrin	5320946	Click to see	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1438-8677.1992.TB00302.X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one	51402807	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598202
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-4-One	5378597	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598202
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-3-yl 6-deoxyhexopyranoside	5353915	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-100100418
acs.jmedchem.1c00409_ST.657	5878729	Click to see	434.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598202
Avicularin	5490064	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	434.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598202
Guaijaverin	5481224	Click to see	434.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598202
Hyperoside	5281643	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598202
Isoquercetin	5280804	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598202
quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-fucopyranoside	5359430	Click to see	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-100100418
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-100100418
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
5-Hydroxy-6,7,3',4'-Tetramethoxyflavone	152430	Click to see	358.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
5,6,7,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone	96118	Click to see	342.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
6-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one	243760	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)O)OC	328.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Eupatorin	97214	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O)O	344.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Gonzalitosin I	5272653	Click to see	328.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ladanein	3084066	Click to see	314.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Salvigenin	161271	Click to see	328.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sinensetin	145659	Click to see	372.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 8-O-methylated flavonoids
5-Demethoxynobiletin	44584772	Click to see	372.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxy-dihydrochalcones
1-(2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropan-1-one	270058	Click to see COC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC)C(=O)CCC2=CC=CC=C2)O	286.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1438-8677.1992.TB00302.X
2'-Hydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone	1214726	Click to see	256.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1438-8677.1992.TB00302.X
Uvangoletin	6483649	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1C(=O)CCC2=CC=CC=C2)O)O	272.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1438-8677.1992.TB00302.X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxychalcones
4'-Methoxy-2'-hydroxy chalcone	265720	Click to see	254.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1438-8677.1992.TB00302.X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Cinnamylphenols
2'-Methoxy-4'-hydroxydihydrochalcone	42607666	Click to see	256.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1438-8677.1992.TB00302.X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
3,2'-Dihydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybibenzyl	10754781	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)O)CCC2=CC=CC=C2O	274.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00955-2
3'-O-Methylbatatasin Iii	442711	Click to see	258.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959382
batatasin III	10466989	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)CCC2=CC(=CC=C2)O	244.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959382

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Empetrum nigrum

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