**Industrial and craft applications:**
Essential oil (EO) from leaves and flowering tops is used industrially as a fragrance component and solvent. Its linalool content (up to ~70% of EO) enables use in cleaning products and as a bio-based solvent for non-polar compounds.

**Food and beverages (non-medicinal):**
EO is employed as a natural flavoring in beverages and baked goods under regulatory approvals (e.g., US FDA GRAS status). Seeds yield edible oil rich in linoleic and linolenic acids (total ~75% fatty acids), suitable for culinary frying or as salad oil.

**Colorants and tanning:**
No documented use for dye or tannin extraction.

**Wood and fiber:**
No timber or fiber uses documented.

**Fragrance and cosmetics:**
EO functions as a fragrance fixative and top note in perfumes, soaps, and skincare, leveraging its floral scent and antioxidant EO constituents.

**Properties relevant to use:**
• EO: Linalool (monoterpene alcohol), rosmarinic acid (antioxidant).
• Seed oil: Linoleic acid (C18:2), α-linolenic acid (C18:3), iodine value ~130, saponification value ~190, conferring oxidative stability and film-forming potential.

**Sustainability and sourcing:**
Commercial production spans Central/Eastern Europe and Central Asia via cultivation, with EO yield ~0.3–0.7% (w/w) and seed oil ~25–30% (w/w). Threats include habitat loss in native regions.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Moldavica moldavica	Britton	Ill. Fl. N. U.S. , ed. 2, 3: 115 (1913)
Moldavica punctata	Moench	Methodus : 410 (1794)
Moldavica setosa	Stokes	Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 367 (1812)
Moldavica suaveolens	Gilib.	Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 79 (1782)
Nepeta moldavica	Baill.	Hist. Pl. 11: 30 (1891)
Ruyschiana moldavica	(L.) House	Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244: 67 (1923)
Dracocephalum fragrans	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 87 (1796)
Dracocephalum moldavica f. albiflorum	L.Q.Zhao	Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 30: 622 (2010)

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	moldavian dragonhead
Arabic	بيقران ملدافي
Azerbaijani	moldova ilanbaşı
Azerbaijani	moldaviya ilanbaşı
Belarusian	Змеегалоўнік малдаўскі
Czech	včelník moldavský
German	türkischer drachenkopf
German	moldawische melisse
German	moldawien-drachenkopf
Persian	بادرشبو
Persian	بردیرش بو
Persian	بادرشبی
Finnish	tuoksuampiaisyrtti
Finnish	turkkilainen melissa
Upper Sorbian	turkowski pčólnik
Armenian	Վիշապագլուխ մոլդավական
Italian	melissa moldavica
Polish	pszczelnik mołdawski
Russian	Мелисса турецкая
Russian	Змееголовник молдавский
Swedish	turkisk drakblomma
Ukrainian	Змієголовник молдавський
Chinese	臭蒿
Chinese	香青蘭
Chinese	香花子
Chinese	青蓝
Chinese	野青兰
Chinese	蓝秋花
Chinese	臭仙欢
Chinese	摩眼子
Chinese	香青兰
Chinese	青兰
Chinese	玉米草
Chinese	山薄荷

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China North-central
  - Inner Mongolia
  - Manchuria
  - Qinghai
- Eastern Asia
  - Korea
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
  - Tadzhikistan
  - Turkmenistan
- Mongolia
  - Mongolia
- Russian Far East
  - Amur
  - Primorye
- Siberia
  - Chita
  - Krasnoyarsk
  - Tuva
  - West Siberia
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan
  - Iran

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - West Himalaya

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - Krym
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Poland
- Southeastern Europe
  - Romania

Northern America click to expand
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Vermont

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000945394
UNII	5WF44755OT
USDA Plants	DRMO
Tropicos	17601443
INPN	95405
Flora of Italy	11461
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:446464-1
The Plant List	kew-63836
Plantarium	13636
Open Tree Of Life	132784
Observations.org	134526
NCBI Taxonomy	39296
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0200002035
Nature Serve	2.146520
IPNI	446464-1
iNaturalist	162079
GBIF	2927222
Freebase	/m/03cwt72
EOL	579594
Elurikkus	4437
USDA GRIN	14656
Wikipedia	Dracocephalum_moldavica
CMAUP	NPO21031

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Influence of low-cost Thai leucoxene minerals on the growth, bioactive compounds, and antibacterial activities of Chrysanthemum indium L. cuttings in in vitro culture

Pavasupree S, Chanchula N, Nunya N, Kashima S, Nakorn PN, Thongaram E, Shindo Y, Bootchanont A, Wattanawikkam C, Noonuruk R, Srilopan K, Porjai P

Sci Rep

25-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11045765
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-60131-5
PMID:	38664430

Nano-enabled agrochemicals: mitigating heavy metal toxicity and enhancing crop adaptability for sustainable crop production

Ghorbani A, Emamverdian A, Pehlivan N, Zargar M, Razavi SM, Chen M

J Nanobiotechnology

05-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10913482
doi:	10.1186/s12951-024-02371-1
PMID:	38443975

Efficient nanostructured materials to reduce nutrient leaching to overcome environmental contaminants

Nadeem F, Hanif MA, AlMasoud N, Alomar TS, Younis A

Sci Rep

27-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10899617
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-54049-1
PMID:	38413788

Enhancing cotton sustainability: Multi-factorial intercropping, irrigation, and weed effects on productivity, quality and physiology

Abdulkareem BM, Mokhtassi-Bidgoli A, Ayyari M, Keshtkar E, Eyni-Nargeseh H

Heliyon

27-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10912634
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27135
PMID:	38444487

Exploring the nano-wonders: unveiling the role of Nanoparticles in enhancing salinity and drought tolerance in plants

Rehman A, Khan S, Sun F, Peng Z, Feng K, Wang N, Jia Y, Pan Z, He S, Wang L, Qayyum A, Du X, Li H

Front Plant Sci

17-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10831664
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1324176
PMID:	38304455

Ultrasound assisted extraction and liposome encapsulation of olive leaves and orange peels: How to transform biomass waste into valuable resources with antimicrobial activity

Prevete G, Carvalho LG, del Carmen Razola-Diaz M, Verardo V, Mancini G, Fiore A, Mazzonna M

Ultrason Sonochem

12-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10827538
doi:	10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106765
PMID:	38232412

Amino Acids Biostimulants and Protein Hydrolysates in Agricultural Sciences

Sun W, Shahrajabian MH, Kuang Y, Wang N

Plants (Basel)

11-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10819947
doi:	10.3390/plants13020210
PMID:	38256763

A network pharmacology approach to decipher the mechanism of total flavonoids from Dracocephalum Moldavica L. in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Zheng RF, Kader K, Liu DW, Su WL, Xu L, Jin YY, Xing JG

BMC Complement Med Ther

02-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10759627
doi:	10.1186/s12906-023-04316-x
PMID:	38169375

Suppression of weed and insect populations by living and straw mulches in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Azimi S, Amini R, Hosseingolizadeh M

Sci Rep

07-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10703854
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-48978-6
PMID:	38062159

Corrigendum: Tilianin extracted from Dracocephalum moldavica L. induces intrinsic apoptosis and drives inflammatory microenvironment response on pharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells via regulating TLR4 signaling pathways

Jiang H, Zeng L, Dong X, Guo S, Xing J, Li Z, Liu R

Front Pharmacol

01-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10723584
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2023.1330291
PMID:	38108063

Review green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using plant extracts and their antimicrobial activity

Abada E, Mashraqi A, Modafer Y, Al Abboud MA, El-Shabasy A

Saudi J Biol Sci

26-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10749906
doi:	10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103877
PMID:	38148949

Anticancer Activity of Natural Products and Related Compounds

De Filippis B, Fantacuzzi M, Ammazzalorso A

Int J Mol Sci

20-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10671672
doi:	10.3390/ijms242216507
PMID:	38003697

Production of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Hairy Root Cultures of Salvia plebeia

Choi M, Yoon J, Yang SH, Kim JK, Park SU

Plants (Basel)

13-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10675400
doi:	10.3390/plants12223840
PMID:	38005737

Combined application of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles enhances growth characters, physiological attributes and essential oil production of Coleus aromatics Benth

Uddin M, Bhat UH, Singh S, Singh S, Chishti AS, Khan MM

Heliyon

09-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10695843
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21646
PMID:	38058652

Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Properties of the Subfamily Nepetoideae (Lamiaceae) in Inflammatory Diseases

Ortiz-Mendoza N, Martínez-Gordillo MJ, Martínez-Ambriz E, Basurto-Peña FA, González-Trujano ME, Aguirre-Hernández E

Plants (Basel)

02-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10648697
doi:	10.3390/plants12213752
PMID:	37960108

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Phenols / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids
Chavicol	68148	Click to see	134.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Catechols
Hydroxychavicol	70775	Click to see	150.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohol esters
Geranyl acetate	1549026	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCOC(=O)C)C)C	196.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730030305
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Citral	638011	Click to see	152.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730030305
Geraniol	637566	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730030305
Neral	643779	Click to see	152.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730030305
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
[(1S,4aS,6S,7R,7aS)-6-acetyloxy-7-(acetyloxymethyl)-7-hydroxy-4-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	14414526	Click to see	562.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(1S,4aS,7R,7aS)-7-(acetyloxymethyl)-7-hydroxy-4-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	101316457	Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)OC1C2C(CCC2(COC(=O)C)O)C(=CO1)COC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	504.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(1S,4aS,7R,7aS)-7-(acetyloxymethyl)-7-hydroxy-4-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	101316455	Click to see	650.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(1S,4aS,7R,7aS)-7-(acetyloxymethyl)-7-hydroxy-4-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate	101316456	Click to see	650.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Ursolic Acid	64945	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Beta-Amyrin Acetate	92156	Click to see	468.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Urs-12-en-3-ol, hexadecanoate, (3)-	10394654	Click to see	665.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sitogluside	5742590	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
CID 21952380	21952380	Click to see	118.09	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
3-[4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-enoic acid	54036359	Click to see	326.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Furcatin	442789	Click to see C=CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC3C(C(CO3)(CO)O)O)O)O)O	428.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
4-Coumaric acid	322	Click to see	164.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see	286.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-008-9065-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-008-9065-4
Vitamin P	5293655	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-008-9065-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
Chrysoeriol	5280666	Click to see	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-008-9065-4

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Dracocephalum moldavica

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top