Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fe202287c9067411375
Scientific name Macaranga peltata
Authority Müll.Arg.
First published in Prodr. 15(2): 1010 (1866)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Macaranga peltata, a medium‑sized Euphorbiaceae tree that ranges from the Indian subcontinent through the Malay Peninsula to the Philippines, is listed in several ethnobotanical surveys as a useful remedy. Local healers record three principal ways the plant is employed: a leaf infusion or tea, a bark decoction, and a fresh leaf poultice. These preparations are described in independent sources from three distinct cultural zones, showing that the same species has been adopted for different therapeutic aims across a wide geographic range.

Among the Kani people of the Western Ghats in India, fresh leaves are boiled in water for about ten minutes to make a mild tea that is drunk twice daily to reduce fever (Rao et al., 2015). In the Dayak Iban communities of Sarawak, Malaysia, the inner bark is simmered for twenty‑five minutes and the resulting decoction is taken in a small cup twice a day as a malaria‑type fever remedy (Chua et al., 2012). Along the Visayan islands of the Philippines, healers crush fresh leaves into a paste and apply it directly to cuts or insect bites; the poultice is changed every twelve hours until the wound shows signs of healing (Perez & Ignacio, 2009).

A simple leaf tea can be made with roughly ten grams of fresh leaves placed in 250 ml of water, brought to a boil, then removed from heat and allowed to steep for five minutes before filtering. The warm liquid is taken in one‑to‑two cup portions, up to three times a day. Because the plant has not been thoroughly tested for pregnancy safety, it is generally advised that pregnant or nursing women avoid regular consumption and that the tea not exceed three cups per day to prevent mild gastric upset (Sharma, 2003).

Phytochemical analyses of the leaves and bark of Macaranga peltata repeatedly reveal flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, a rich complement of hydrolysable tannins, and several diterpenoids including macarangin; triterpenes like lupeol and essential‑oil components such as α‑pinene and limonene have also been reported (Kumar et al., 2018; Ghosh et al., 2020). These compounds are known for antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory and antimicrobial actions, which align with the traditional fever‑reducing and wound‑healing applications. Recent pharmacological work confirms anti‑pyretic and antibacterial activity in animal models, and dried leaf teas are now sold in some local markets while researchers continue to explore the species as a source of natural nutraceuticals.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Small‑diameter timber for light construction and furniture
- Firewood and charcoal
- Pulpwood for paper production
- Bark tannins used in leather tanning

Industrial and craft applications:
- Light construction (walls, roofing, scaffolding)
- Matchsticks and small wooden implements
- Plywood and particleboard manufacture
- Cordage and coarse textiles from bast fibers
- Natural brown dye for protein fibers (wool, silk)
- Wood for model making and carving

Colorants and tanning:
- Bark extracts contain hydrolysable tannins (≈10–15 % dry weight) used in leather tanning
- Produce a brown natural dye for textiles

Wood and fiber:
- Soft, low‑density wood (≈0.35–0.45 g cm⁻³) used for interior framing, crates and pallets
- Cellulose content ~45 % of dry weight, suitable for pulp production
- Bast fibers from bark employed for rope and coarse woven materials
- Moderate bending strength (~50–70 MPa) appropriate for light structural uses

Properties relevant to use:
- Wood density 0.35–0.45 g cm⁻³; bending strength 50–70 MPa; low shrinkage on drying
- Chemical composition: cellulose ≈45 % (dry), lignin ≈27 %, extractives

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Macaranga flexuosa Wight Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5(2): 23 (1852)
Macaranga tomentosa Wight Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5(2): 23 (1852)
Macaranga wightiana Baill. Étude Euphorb. : 432 (1858)
Osyris peltata Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 1832 , 3: 755 (1832)
Mappa peltata (Roxb.) Wight Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 3: t. 817 (1844)
Tanarius flexuosus Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
Tanarius peltatus Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
Tanarius roxburghii Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 619 (1891)
Tanarius tomentosus Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
Macaranga roxburghii Wall. J. Agric. Soc. India 1: 14 (1842)
Macaranga roxburghii Wight Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 5(1): 23; 6: t. 1949, f. 4. 1851

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Malayalam chandada
Malayalam ഉപ്പില
Malayalam പൊടി അയിനി
Malayalam പൊടിഞ്ഞി
Malayalam പൊടിയയിനി
Malayalam വട്ട

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Bangladesh
      • East Himalaya
      • India
      • Sri Lanka
    • Indo-China
      • Andaman Islands
      • Myanmar
      • Nicobar Nicobar
      • Thailand

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000232151
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:351290-1
The Plant List kew-116623
Open Tree Of Life 3911066
NCBI Taxonomy 1398557
IPNI 351290-1
iNaturalist 602325
IFPNI B3B6BA57-8E64-B822-59EE-3A41228E1459
GBIF 3074300
Freebase /m/09v39cz
Wikipedia Macaranga_peltata
CMAUP NPO29241

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Geometric entropy of plant leaves: A measure of morphological complexity Muraleedharan V, Rajan SC, R J PLoS One 02-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10760904
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293596
PMID:38166118
Do carbon stocks and floristic diversity of tropical homegardens vary along an elevational gradient and based on holding size in central Kerala, India? Kumar BM Agrofor Syst 07-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10081327
doi:10.1007/s10457-023-00821-7
PMID:37193256
Chemistry and Pharmacology of Bergenin or Its Derivatives: A Promising Molecule Salimo ZM, Yakubu MN, da Silva EL, de Almeida AC, Chaves YO, Costa EV, da Silva FM, Tavares JF, Monteiro WM, de Melo GC, Koolen HH Biomolecules 21-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC10046151
doi:10.3390/biom13030403
PMID:36979338
Role of Organic and Eco-Friendly Inhibitors on the Corrosion Mitigation of Steel in Acidic Environments—A State-of-Art Review Yang HM Molecules 07-Jun-2021
PMCID:PMC8201182
doi:10.3390/molecules26113473
PMID:34200445
Traditional Herbal Medicines Against CNS Disorders from Bangladesh Uddin MJ, Zidorn C Nat Prod Bioprospect 14-Oct-2020
PMCID:PMC7648845
doi:10.1007/s13659-020-00269-7
PMID:33057963
Estimation of aboveground and belowground carbon stocks in urban freshwater wetlands of Sri Lanka Dayathilake DD, Lokupitiya E, Wijeratne VP Carbon Balance Manag 02-Sep-2020
PMCID:PMC7469107
doi:10.1186/s13021-020-00152-5
PMID:32876789
Assessment of the applicability of wood anatomy and DNA barcoding to detect the timber adulterations in Sri Lanka Kannangara S, Karunarathne S, Ranaweera L, Ananda K, Ranathunga D, Jayarathne H, Weebadde C, Sooriyapathirana S Sci Rep 09-Mar-2020
PMCID:PMC7062781
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61415-2
PMID:32152386
On the hunt for the alternate host of Hemileia vastatrix Koutouleas A, Jørgen Lyngs Jørgensen H, Jensen B, Lillesø JB, Junge A, Ræbild A Ecol Evol 23-Nov-2019
PMCID:PMC6912922
doi:10.1002/ece3.5755
PMID:31871671
Antimicrobial, Anthelmintic, and Antiviral Activity of Plants Traditionally Used for Treating Infectious Disease in the Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha, India Panda SK, Padhi L, Leyssen P, Liu M, Neyts J, Luyten W Front Pharmacol 23-Oct-2017
PMCID:PMC5660100
doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00658
PMID:29109684
Nesting tree characteristics of heronry birds of urban ecosystems in peninsular India: implications for habitat management Roshnath R, Sinu PA Curr Zool 17-Feb-2017
PMCID:PMC5804217
doi:10.1093/cz/zox006
PMID:29492020
Large Scale Screening of Ethnomedicinal Plants for Identification of Potential Antibacterial Compounds Panda SK, Mohanta YK, Padhi L, Park YH, Mohanta TK, Bae H Molecules 14-Mar-2016
PMCID:PMC6274442
doi:10.3390/molecules21030293
PMID:26985889
Impact of fire on the macrofungal diversity in scrub jungles of south-west India Greeshma AA, Sridhar KR, Pavithra M, Ghate SD Mycology 19-Feb-2016
PMCID:PMC6059157
doi:10.1080/21501203.2016.1147090
PMID:30123612
Update Ayurveda 2014 Abstracts: Oral Presentation N/A J Ayurveda Integr Med 01-May-2015
PMCID:PMC4456681

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid 3469 Click to see 154.12 unknown via CMAUP database
3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid 7424 Click to see 154.12 unknown via CMAUP database
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 135 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O 138.12 unknown via CMAUP database
Protocatechuic Acid 72 Click to see 154.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives
Syringic Acid 10742 Click to see 198.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid 370 Click to see 170.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillic Acid 8468 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O 168.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Salicylic acid and derivatives / Salicylic acids
Salicylic Acid 338 Click to see 138.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
1,2-Ethanediol, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-, (R)- 688030 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(CO)O)O 184.19 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Tyrosols and derivatives / Tyrosols
Tyrosol 10393 Click to see 138.16 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Dibenzylbutane lignans / Dibenzylbutanediol lignans
Secoisolariciresinol, (+)- 6336781 Click to see 362.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
(Z)-3-phenyl-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyprop-2-enoic acid 53385591 Click to see 326.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
(1S,3R,4R,5R)-3-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]-1,4,5-trihydroxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 9476 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 354.31 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
Syringin 5316860 Click to see 372.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids
Dihydrodehydroconiferyl alcohol, (7R,8S)-(-)- 5274623 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC2=C1OC(C2CO)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)CCCO 360.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Caffeic Acid 689043 Click to see 180.16 unknown via CMAUP database
Ferulic Acid 445858 Click to see 194.18 unknown via CMAUP database
P-Coumaric Acid 637542 Click to see 164.16 unknown via CMAUP database
Sinapinic acid 637775 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)O 224.21 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 6,7-dihydroxycoumarins
Esculetin 5281416 Click to see 178.14 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Catechin 9064 Click to see 290.27 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Luteolin 5280445 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see 302.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides
(2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 45271033 Click to see C1C(OC2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)O)C3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O 450.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Eriodictyol-6-glucoside 102370911 Click to see C1C(OC2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)O)C3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O 450.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Hemiphloin 160711 Click to see 434.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Isoorientin 114776 Click to see 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Isovitexin 162350 Click to see 432.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
Eriodictyol-8-glucoside 122221847 Click to see C1C(OC2=C(C(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O 450.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Orientin 5281675 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Vitexin 5280441 Click to see 432.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-[2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]propan-1-one 102467789 Click to see 452.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Hyperoside 5281643 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Isoquercetin 5280804 Click to see 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercetin 3-robinobioside 10371536 Click to see 610.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Rutin 5280805 Click to see 610.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
Luteolin 7-O-glucoside 5280637 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
Chrysoeriol 5280666 Click to see 300.26 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxy-dihydrochalcones
Aspalathin 11282394 Click to see 452.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Nothofagin 21722188 Click to see 436.40 unknown via CMAUP database

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