Ruta pinnata

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Common products:
- Essential oil: extracted from leaf and stem material by steam distillation; reported yields are low, typically under 0.5 % w/w.
- Dried aerial parts: supplied to fragrance laboratories as reference material for odor profiling.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
- The essential oil has been isolated and characterized; studies (e.g., García‑Sanz et al., 2015; Morales‑Cruz, 2018) have described its composition and assessed its suitability for perfumery.
- It serves as a reference sample in fragrance research, particularly for monoterpene‑rich aroma profiles.
- GC–MS analyses identified >30 constituents, with α‑pinene, sabinene and limonene as dominant compounds, and minor amounts of β‑myrcene, linalool and geranyl acetate.
- The oil presents a fresh, citrus‑like odor with herbaceous undertones, a profile that informs the design of synthetic fragrance bases.
- No commercial perfume formulations currently list Ruta pinnata oil as an ingredient, but the oil’s chemical data are used in fragrance formulation databases.

Properties relevant to use:
- High monoterpene content gives the oil a low boiling point, high volatility and rapid diffusion, making it suitable for top‑note applications.
- Furanocoumarins such as bergapten are present; these compounds are phototoxic and are subject to regulatory restrictions in consumer cosmetics.
- Physical characteristics typical of monoterpene‑rich oils include specific gravity around 0.90, refractive index about 1.47, low acid value (≈1 mg KOH g⁻¹) and moderate ester value (≈10 mg KOH g⁻¹).
- The oil shows good stability when stored refrigerated and protected from light.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Ruta pinnata is endemic to the Canary Islands; populations are recorded on Tenerife and La Gomera in a few protected sites.
- The species is classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List because of its restricted range and habitat loss.
- National and regional legislation (Spanish Law 42/2007 and Canary Islands biodiversity decree) protect the species; wild collection for commercial purposes requires a permit.
- Conservation measures safeguard remaining populations; large‑scale cultivation is absent, and oil supply is limited to laboratory‑scale extraction from cultivated or ethically sourced material.

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No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

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