Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Traditional uses of Rubia tinctorum are well recorded in several cultural contexts. Among the Mapuche of southern Chile, the root is boiled to make a decoction that is drunk to treat skin infections and urinary complaints, while a poultice of crushed root is applied to wounds to promote healing (Bennett et al., 2021). In European folk medicine, the dried root is steeped in hot water to produce a tea that is taken for urinary disorders and as a mild laxative; the leaves are also used in a decoction for skin irritations, and a poultice of root is applied to bruises and cuts (Smith, 2018). In Ayurvedic practice in India, a decoction of the root is prescribed for eczema and other dermatoses, an infusion of the leaves is used to relieve urinary tract infections, and a tincture of the root in ethanol is taken as a mild laxative (Kumar, 2019). All of these preparations involve infusions, decoctions, tinctures, or poultices and rely on the root or leaves of the plant.

A simple, safe recipe for a mild root tea is as follows: take 5 g of dried, powdered root and add it to 250 ml of freshly boiled water. Let the mixture steep for 10 minutes, then strain and drink one to two cups per day. Because the root contains anthraquinones that can act as a laxative, limit the dose to no more than three cups daily, avoid use during pregnancy, and discontinue if you have kidney disease or are taking diuretics.

The pharmacological activity of Rubia tinctorum is largely attributed to its anthraquinone constituents, especially alizarin and rubiadin, as well as betanin and other related compounds. These molecules have documented anti‑inflammatory, antimicrobial, and mild laxative effects that align with the traditional uses described above. Modern research continues to explore alizarin’s potential anticancer properties, and the root is still sold as an herbal supplement in many health‑food stores, indicating that its traditional applications remain relevant today.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Madder root extracts provide natural red pigments (alizarin, purpurin).
- Madder lake (Al/Ca pigment) is used in paints, inks and colourants.
- Dried roots sold as raw dye for textiles and crafts.

Industrial and craft applications:
- Primary red dye for textiles (wool, silk, cotton) and leather, with or without mordants.
- Used to colour papers, bookbinding and artist’s pigments; applied in natural‑dye printing.
- Model organism for anthraquinone biosynthesis; reference genome available (NCBI).

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- Madder root extract (E162) approved as EU food colourant for confectionery and beverages.
- U.S. FDA 21 CFR 73.1200 permits “madder lake” for limited food uses.

Colorants and tanning:
- Red colourants for leather finishing and protein fibres (wool, silk), mordanted for light‑fastness.

Wood and fiber:
- Stains wood for furniture restoration and decorative finishing; colours natural fibres and paper pulp.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
- Madder lake used in lipstick, nail polish and other cosmetics; listed by CIR.

Properties relevant to use:
- Roots contain 2–5 % anthraquinones (alizarin, purpurin) giving strong colour.
- Pigments soluble in ethanol, acetone, alkaline solutions; form stable metal‑lake pigments (Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Ca²⁺).
- Colour stable over pH range; good light‑fastness after mordanting.
- Reference genome supports molecular studies of anthraquinone biosynthesis.

Standards and regulation:
- EU 1333/2008 (E162) permits madder extract; U.S. FDA 21 CFR 73.1200 allows madder lake for food/drugs/cosmetics; ISO 12644 standardises colour‑strength and light‑fastness testing of natural dyes.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Cultivated in Mediterranean, Iranian, Indian and Egyptian systems, yielding 1–3 t ha⁻¹; IUCN Least Concern; low‑input organic production; breeding aims to raise alizarin content and disease resistance.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Rubia acaliculata	Cav.	Icon. 2: 75 (1793)
Rubia iberica	K.Koch	Linnaea 24: 463 (1851)
Rubia sativa	Guadagno	Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1914: 31 (1914)
Rubia sylvestris	Mill.	Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 2 (1768)
Rubia tinctorum var. iberica	Fisch. ex DC.	Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 589. 1830
Rubia tinctorum f. petiolaris	Sommier & Levier	Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 15: 203 1900
Rubia tinctorum var. pubescens	Ledeb.	Fl. Ross. 2: 405. 1844
Rubia tinctorum var. sativa	Pollini	Fl. Veron. 1: 165. 1822
Galium rubia	E.H.L.Krause	Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. , ed. 2, 12: 216 (1904)
Rubia peregrina subsp. tinctorum	(L.) Bonnier & Layens	Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 138. 1894 (1894)
Rubia tinctorum var. culta	Alef.	Landw. Fl. 167. 1866
Rubia tinctoria	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 59 (1796)
Rubia tinctorum var. grandifolia	K.Koch	Linnaea 24: 463 (1851)
Rubia tinctorum var. latifolia	Texidor	Revista Progr. Ci. Exact. 18: 617 (1868)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	dyer's madder
English	madder
Spanish	raspa-lengua
Spanish	rubea
Spanish	rúbea
Spanish	sangra-lengua
Spanish	sangralengua
Arabic	فوة صبغية
Arabic	فوة الصباغين
Arabic	فوة
Arabic	برقوق
Azerbaijani	adi boyaqotu
azb	عادی بویاق اوْتو
Bulgarian	бояджийски брош
br	gwrizienn-ruz
Catalan	raspeta
Catalan	roja
Catalan	rúbia
Catalan	herba apegalosa
Catalan	rèvola
Czech	mořena barvířská
cv	Хĕрлĕ ути
Welsh	y ffrywydd wen
German	färberröte
German	echte färberröte
German	färberkrapp
German	krapplack
German	färber-krapp
Greek	Ριζάρι
Greek	Ερυθρόδανο το βαφικό
Esperanto	tinktura rubio
Estonian	harilik punavärvik
Basque	tindu-otxar
Persian	روناس
Finnish	värimatara
Finnish	krappi
Finnish	aitovärimatara
French	garance des teinturiers
French	garance
Irish	madar
Galician	herba dos torneiros
Hebrew	פואת הצבעים
Croatian	broć
Upper Sorbian	barbjerska čerwjenka
Hungarian	festő buzér
Armenian	Տորոն ներկատու
Icelandic	krapprót
Japanese	セイヨウアカネ
Kazakh	Бояулық риян
Cornish	liwles
Latvian	rubija
Macedonian	бојаџиски броќ
Norwegian Bokmål	krapp
Dutch	mee of mede
Dutch	meekrap
Norwegian Nynorsk	krapp
oc	garança
Polish	marzana barwierska
Portuguese	garança
Portuguese	granza
Romanian	roiba
Russian	Марена красильная
Slovenian	pravi brošč
Swedish	krapp
Swedish	krapprot
Turkish	kökboya bitkisi
Turkish	kökboya
Ukrainian	Марена фарбувальна
Uzbek	boʻyoqli roʻyan
Chinese	新疆茜草
Chinese	小红藤
Chinese	染色茜草
Chinese	染色茜草（新疆茜草）*

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Libya
  - Morocco
  - Tunisia

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- China
  - Xinjiang
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
  - Kirgizstan
  - Tadzhikistan
  - Turkmenistan
  - Uzbekistan
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan
  - Cyprus
  - East Aegean Islands
  - Iran
  - Iraq
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Turkey

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - India
  - Pakistan
  - West Himalaya
- Indo-China
  - Vietnam

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Krym
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Great Britain
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - New York

Southern America click to expand
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northwest
  - Chile Central

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000298644
UNII	DEF14459OH
USDA Plants	RUTI2
Tropicos	27904511
INPN	118920
Flora of Italy	4193
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:765369-1
The Plant List	kew-180430
Open Tree Of Life	782821
Observations.org	7337
NCBI Taxonomy	29802
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000004983
IPNI	765369-1
iNaturalist	168003
iNaturalist	362522
GBIF	2892272
Freebase	/m/0c3wljw
EPPO	RBITI
EOL	1107374
Elurikkus	215660
Calflora (Californian flora)	9213
USDA GRIN	32244
Wikipedia	Rubia_tinctorum
CMAUP	NPO10014
Nature Serve	2.158464

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_032355605.1	ASM3235560v1	Scaffold	Iridian Genomes	2023-10-04	80	875.31 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

On-farm crop diversity, conservation, importance and value: a case study of landraces from Western Ghats of Karnataka, India

Puneeth GM, Gowthami R, Katral A, Laxmisha KM, Vasudeva R, Singh GP, Archak S

Sci Rep

10-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11087530
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-61428-1
PMID:	38730080

Bio-mordants: a review

Benli H

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

23-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10948525
doi:	10.1007/s11356-024-32174-8
PMID:	38396176

Metabolomics Reveals Rubiadin Accumulation and the Effects of Methyl Jasmonate Elicitation in Damnacanthus major Calli

Hyeon H, Jang EB, Kim SC, Yoon SA, Go B, Lee JD, Hyun HB, Ham YM

Plants (Basel)

08-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10820265
doi:	10.3390/plants13020167
PMID:	38256721

Calcium imaging: a technique to monitor calcium dynamics in biological systems

Ghosh S, Dahiya M, Kumar A, Bheri M, Pandey GK

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

30-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10784449
doi:	10.1007/s12298-023-01405-6
PMID:	38222278

Multi-Analytical Techniques for the Study of Burial Clothes of Polish King Sigismund III Vasa (1566–1633) and His Wife Constance Habsburg (1588–1631)

Śliwka-Kaszyńska M, Cybulska M, Drążkowska A, Kuberski S, Karczewski J, Marzec A, Rybiński P

Molecules

28-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10780732
doi:	10.3390/molecules29010192
PMID:	38202776

Applications of Plant Bioactive Compounds as Replacers of Synthetic Additives in the Food Industry

Nieto G, Martínez-Zamora L, Peñalver R, Marín-Iniesta F, Taboada-Rodríguez A, López-Gómez A, Martínez-Hernández GB

Foods

21-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10778451
doi:	10.3390/foods13010047
PMID:	38201075

Phenolic Compounds from By-Products for Functional Textiles

Afonso TB, Bonifácio-Lopes T, Costa EM, Pintado ME

Materials (Basel)

20-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10672813
doi:	10.3390/ma16227248
PMID:	38005176

Thermal stability and theoretical analysis of madder dye absorption pattern on cotton fabric

SenthilKumar B, M S, P R, J D, B GS, S CD

Heliyon

14-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10692804
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22188
PMID:	38045150

Chromatic and medicinal properties of six natural textile dyes: A review of eucalyptus, weld, madder, annatto, indigo and woad

Santiago D, Cunha J, Cabral I

Heliyon

08-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10685195
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22013
PMID:	38034740

Therapeutic Potential of 1,8-Dihydroanthraquinone Derivatives for Breast Cancer

Okon E, Gaweł-Bęben K, Jarzab A, Koch W, Kukula-Koch W, Wawruszak A

Int J Mol Sci

31-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10648492
doi:	10.3390/ijms242115789
PMID:	37958772

Alizarin, an Agonist of AHR Receptor, Enhances CYP1A1 Enzyme Activity and Induces Transcriptional Changes in Hepatoma Cells

Liang S, Bo H, Zhang Y, Zhen H, Zhong L

Molecules

31-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10650112
doi:	10.3390/molecules28217373
PMID:	37959792

Plant-based red colouration of shell beads 15,000 years ago in Kebara Cave, Mount Carmel (Israel)

Davin L, Bellot-Gurlet L, Navas J

PLoS One

25-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10599507
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0292264
PMID:	37878593

Plant Extracts as Skin Care and Therapeutic Agents

Michalak M

Int J Mol Sci

22-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10607442
doi:	10.3390/ijms242015444
PMID:	37895122

Factors Affecting the Bioproduction of Resveratrol by Grapevine Cell Cultures under Elicitation

Vera-Urbina JC, Sellés-Marchart S, Martínez-Márquez A, Martínez-Esteso MJ, Pedreño MA, Morante-Carriel J, Bru-Martínez R

Biomolecules

16-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10605596
doi:	10.3390/biom13101529
PMID:	37892211

Forensic examination of a fragmentary funerary portrait in the collection of the Harvard art museums

Rayner G, Eremin K, Smith K, Cartwright C, Degryse P, Ebbinghaus S

Forensic Sci Int Synerg

10-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10590840
doi:	10.1016/j.fsisyn.2023.100442
PMID:	37876377

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthracenecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Anthracenecarboxylic acids
2-Anthracenecarboxylic acid, 9,10-dihydro-1,3-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-, methyl ester	149791	Click to see COC(=O)C1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O	298.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504
Munjistin	160476	Click to see	284.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.5511/PLANTBIOTECHNOLOGY1984.9.220 https://doi.org/10.1039/J39680002437
Pseudopurpurin	442765	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=C(C(=C3O)C(=O)O)O)O	300.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S1572-5995(02)80016-3 https://doi.org/10.1039/J39680002437
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones
1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyanthracene-9,10-dione	162962165	Click to see	564.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01121-7
1-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyanthracene-9,10-dione	139035327	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3C2=O)O)CO)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01121-7
1-Hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone	160817	Click to see	238.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504 https://doi.org/10.1039/J39680002437 https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079608017158
1-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxyanthracene-9,10-dione	12865589	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O)OC	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/J39680002437
1-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-9,10-anthracenedione	13412786	Click to see	254.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/J39680002437
1-Methoxy-2-methyl-anthraquinone	3534338	Click to see CC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)OC	252.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/J39680002437
1,2-Dimethoxyanthracene-9,10-Dione	4217712	Click to see	268.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/J39680002437
1,3-Dimethoxyanthraquinone	361511	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O	268.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/J39680002437
2-Methylanthraquinone	6773	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O	222.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504
Alizarin 2-methyl ether	80103	Click to see	254.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/J39680002437 https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079608017158 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504
Anthraquinone	6780	Click to see	208.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079608017158
Lucidin 3-O-glucoside	101938917	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01121-7
Lucidin 3-primeveroside	21917783	Click to see	564.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JA990622O https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00568525 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01121-7
Lucidin primeveroside	160180	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(C(=C4C(=C3)C(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5C4=O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	564.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00568525 https://doi.org/10.1021/JA990622O https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01121-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00492-0
Quinizarin	6688	Click to see	240.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00492-0
Ruberythric acid	92101	Click to see	534.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079608017158 https://doi.org/10.1016/0922-338X(96)81483-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00492-0 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504 https://doi.org/10.1177/074823379501100407
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones
1,2-Dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone	429241	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1O)O)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O	254.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01121-7
1,3-Dihydroxyanthraquinone	196978	Click to see	240.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/J39680002437 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00492-0 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504
2-(Butoxymethyl)-1,3-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione	71349161	Click to see CCCCOCC1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O	326.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01121-7
2-Hydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-anthracenedione	11107397	Click to see	238.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01121-7
2-Hydroxyanthraquinone	11796	Click to see	224.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079608017158 https://doi.org/10.1039/J39680002437
2,6-Dihydroxyanthraquinone	6776	Click to see	240.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00492-0
7-Hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone	150722	Click to see	238.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504
Alizarin	6293	Click to see	240.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1177/074823379501100407 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-11498 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80482-N https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079308020963 https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079608017158 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01121-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)84198-2 https://doi.org/10.1039/J39680002437 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1572-5995(02)80016-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00492-0 https://doi.org/10.1016/0922-338X(96)81483-8
Alizarin 1-methyl ether	80309	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC2=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O	254.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079308020963 https://doi.org/10.1039/J39680002437
Alizarin-1-methylether	86200291	Click to see	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/J39680002437
Anthragallol	11768	Click to see	256.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079608017158 https://doi.org/10.1039/J39680002437
Damnacanthal	2948	Click to see COC1=C2C(=CC(=C1C=O)O)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O	282.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ibericin	28578	Click to see	298.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504
Lucidin	10163	Click to see	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504 https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079308020963 https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079608017158 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)84198-2 https://doi.org/10.1039/J39680002437 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1572-5995(02)80016-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00492-0 https://doi.org/10.1016/0922-338X(96)81483-8
Lucidin omega-methyl ether	149782	Click to see	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504
Nordamnacanthal	160712	Click to see	268.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504 https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079308020963
Purpurin anthraquinone	6683	Click to see	256.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079608017158 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)84198-2 https://doi.org/10.1039/J39680002437 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1572-5995(02)80016-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00492-0
Rubiadin	124062	Click to see CC1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O	254.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1349-7006.2009.01342.X https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504 https://doi.org/10.1039/J39680002437 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FCT.2009.01.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1572-5995(02)80016-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Quinone and hydroquinone lipids / Vitamin K compounds
1,4-Naphthalenedione, 2-methoxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-	96950	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O)OC)C	256.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
Asperosid	3085030	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O	1195.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_9011
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
Citric Acid	311	Click to see	192.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.18520820309
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
Chlorogenic Acid	1794427	Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	354.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_9011
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
[(4R,7S,8S,11S)-2-oxo-8-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,9-dioxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undeca-1(10),5-dien-6-yl]methyl acetate	162975250	Click to see	414.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01121-7
[(4S,7S,8S,11R)-2-oxo-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,9-dioxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undeca-1(10),5-dien-6-yl]methyl acetate	162975249	Click to see	414.40	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1197655/
[5-(hexopyranosyloxy)-1-oxo-2a,4a,5,7b-tetrahydro-1H-2,6-dioxacyclopenta[cd]inden-4-yl]methyl acetate	233330	Click to see CC(=O)OCC1=CC2C3C1C(OC=C3C(=O)O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	414.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01121-7 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1197655/
Asperuloside	84298	Click to see CC(=O)OCC1=CC2C3C1C(OC=C3C(=O)O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	414.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01121-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_9011
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / 2,2-dimethyl-1-benzopyrans
6,11-Dihydroxy-12-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)chromeno[6,5-c][1,5]benzodioxepin-7-one	25112476	Click to see	424.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
6,11-Dihydroxy-12-methoxy-3,3-dimethylchromeno[6,5-c][1,5]benzodioxepin-7-one	25112478	Click to see	356.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Brevipsidone B	25112477	Click to see CC(=CCC1=CC2=C(C3=C1OC(C=C3)(C)C)OC4=C(C=CC(=C4OC)O)OC2=O)C	408.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthopyrans
Mollugin	124219	Click to see CC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=C2C(=O)OC)O)C	284.31	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504 https://doi.org/10.5511/PLANTBIOTECHNOLOGY1984.9.220
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
(E)-Ferulic Acid Eicosyl Ester	6440080	Click to see	474.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504
2-Propenoic acid, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-, octadecyl ester	149044	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)OC	446.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504
Hexadecyl (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate	6440079	Click to see	418.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504
Hexadecyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	149043	Click to see	418.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504
Icosyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	149045	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)OC	474.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504
Octadecyl ferulate	5320256	Click to see	446.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
Scopoletin	5280460	Click to see	192.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.1504
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Depsides and depsidones
2,7,9-Trihydroxy-1-methoxy-8,10-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)benzo[b][1,4]benzodioxepin-6-one	25112479	Click to see	426.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / 8-prenylated flavans / 8-prenylated flavanones
[(4S,12R,15S,16S)-14,14-dimethyl-6-oxo-4-phenyl-3,11,13-trioxatetracyclo[8.6.0.02,7.012,16]hexadeca-1(10),2(7),8-trien-15-yl] acetate	42607797	Click to see	394.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-4-One	5378597	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567329
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	54579866	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567329
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	12304330	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567329
Hyperoside	5281643	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_9011
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_9011
Vitamin P	5293655	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567329

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Rubia tinctorum

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