Common products:
- Fresh and dried fruit.
- Seed oil.
- Small‑diameter wood used for fuel and small craft items.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- Fresh fruit is eaten raw.
- Fruit is processed into jam, compote, syrup, and dried fruit used in confectionery.
- Fruit pulp is incorporated in some non‑alcoholic beverages (e.g., mixed fruit drinks).

Wood and fiber:
- Wood is commonly used as fuelwood in rural areas.
- Small‑diameter stems are turned into tool handles, walking sticks, and other small craft objects.

Properties relevant to use:
- Fruit is high in soluble solids, typically 18–22 °Brix, composed mainly of glucose and fructose.
- Seed oil has a fatty‑acid profile dominated by linoleic acid (≈55 % of total), with an iodine value around 115 g I₂/100 g and a saponification value of about 190 mg KOH/g.
- Wood density ranges from 0.55 to 0.65 g cm⁻³, providing moderate strength suitable for low‑load applications.

Standards and regulation:
- Fruit and derived products must comply with EU food‑safety legislation (Regulation (EC) No 852/2004) and food‑labeling rules (Regulation (EU) 1169/2011).
- Seed oil sold as food or cosmetic ingredient must meet Codex Alimentarius specifications (Codex Stan 210) and the EU cosmetic regulation (EC) No 1223/2009.
- Wood harvested for fuel or craft is subject to national forest‑product regulations and must follow sustainable‑harvest guidelines.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Ziziphus lotus occurs in the Mediterranean basin; population assessments show a stable status, though local overharvesting of fruit and wood has been reported in some regions.
- Sustainable‑harvest recommendations limit annual extraction to ≤10 % of above‑ground biomass and promote community‑based management of wild stands.
- Cultivation trials in Morocco and Tunisia are establishing orchards to supply fruit, seed oil, and wood, reducing pressure on wild populations.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Ziziphus sylvestris	Mill.	Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 2 (1768)
Rhamnus lotus	L.	Sp. Pl. : 194 (1753)

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	lotus
Spanish	guijol
Spanish	loto comestible
Spanish	guijón
Spanish	guijolera
Spanish	ginjolera
Spanish	azufaifo loto
Spanish	azufaifo de túnez
Spanish	azufaifo de tunez
Spanish	azufaifar
Spanish	artinero
Spanish	artinera
Spanish	abenuz
Spanish	guijon
Spanish	artina
Spanish	artino
Arabic	زفيزف لوطسي
Arabic	سدر بري
Catalan	ginjoler
Catalan	ginjoler murcià
Catalan	z. lotus
Esperanto	lotusozizifo
Persian	کنار کازرونی
French	jujubier sauvage
French	jujubier lotus
Hebrew	שיזף השיח
Hebrew	סיזיפוס לוטוס
Polish	głożyna afrykańska
Russian	Африканская грудная ягода
Russian	Лотосовое дерево
Russian	Унаби африканская
Turkish	gonnara
Ukrainian	Зизифус лотус
Vietnamese	táo berber
wo	siddeem pom
Chinese	棗蓮
Chinese	落拓棗
Chinese	枣莲

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Egypt
  - Libya
  - Morocco
  - Tunisia
  - Western Sahara
- West Tropical Africa
  - Burkina
  - Mali
  - Mauritania
  - Niger

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Gulf States
- Western Asia
  - Cyprus
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Turkey

Europe click to expand
- Southeastern Europe
  - Greece
  - Sicilia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Spain

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000430292
USDA Plants	ZILO
Tropicos	50087361
INPN	130658
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:719341-1
The Plant List	kew-2470687
Open Tree Of Life	33354
Observations.org	132549
NCBI Taxonomy	345809
IPNI	719341-1
iNaturalist	199911
GBIF	3039418
Freebase	/m/0799z6
EPPO	ZIPLO
EOL	483647
USDA GRIN	42284
Wikipedia	Ziziphus_lotus
CMAUP	NPO21480
Plantarium	50051

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_977901965.1	drZizLotu1.hap1.1	Chromosome	WELLCOME SANGER INSTITUTE	2026-02-01	515	279.68 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Study of Physicochemical Quality and Organic Contamination in Algerian Honey

Derrar S, Lo Turco V, Albergamo A, Sgrò B, Ayad MA, Litrenta F, Saim MS, Potortì AG, Aggad H, Rando R, Di Bella G

Foods

04-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11083514
doi:	10.3390/foods13091413
PMID:	38731784

Moringa, Milk Thistle, and Jujube Seed Cold-Pressed Oils: Characteristic Profiles, Thermal Properties, and Oxidative Stability

Sebii H, Karra S, Ghribi AM, Danthine S, Blecker C, Attia H, Besbes S

Foods

02-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11083288
doi:	10.3390/foods13091402
PMID:	38731773

Isolation of quinic acid from dropped Citrus reticulata Blanco fruits: its derivatization, antibacterial potential, docking studies, and ADMET profiling

Heena, Kaushal S, Kaur V, Panwar H, Sharma P, Jangra R

Front Chem

18-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11064019
doi:	10.3389/fchem.2024.1372560
PMID:	38698937

Ethnobotanical survey on herbal remedies for the management of type 2 diabetes in the Casablanca-Settat region, Morocco

Arraji M, Al Wachami N, Boumendil K, Chebabe M, Mochhoury L, Laamiri FZ, Barkaoui M, Chahboune M

BMC Complement Med Ther

15-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11017650
doi:	10.1186/s12906-024-04468-4
PMID:	38622669

Lack of pollinators selects for increased selfing, restricted gene flow and resource allocation in the rare Mediterranean sage Salvia brachyodon

Surina B, Balant M, Glasnović P, Gogala A, Fišer Ž, Satovic Z, Liber Z, Radosavljević I, Classen-Bockhoff R

Sci Rep

29-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10904396
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-55344-7
PMID:	38424151

Shrub Growth Improves Morphological Features of Nebkhas: A Case Study of Nitraria tangutorum in the Tengger Desert

Cheng L, Wu B, Pang Y, Jia X

Plants (Basel)

24-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10934661
doi:	10.3390/plants13050624
PMID:	38475471

The Contribution of Botanical Origin to the Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Algerian Honeys

Harbane S, Escuredo O, Saker Y, Ghorab A, Nakib R, Rodríguez-Flores MS, Ouelhadj A, Seijo MC

Foods

14-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10888090
doi:	10.3390/foods13040573
PMID:	38397550

Exploring the potential of Crotalaria juncea flower extracts as a source of antioxidants, antimicrobials, and cytoprotective agents for biomedical applications

Mahasawat P, Boukaew S, Prasertsan P

BioTechnologia (Pozn)

21-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10777724
doi:	10.5114/bta.2023.132772
PMID:	38213478

Antioxidant, hepatoprotective & nephroprotective potential of a novel synthetic compound 2′, 3′-dihydroxybenzylidene in paracetamol intoxicated rats

Attaullah M, Ullah A, Hussain M, Zahoor M, Ullah R, Ali EA, Rahman AU, Jan A

Heliyon

22-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10709503
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22676
PMID:	38076096

Natural Antimicrobials: A Reservoir to Contrast Listeria monocytogenes

Ricci A, Lazzi C, Bernini V

Microorganisms

15-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10609241
doi:	10.3390/microorganisms11102568
PMID:	37894226

Antibiofilm, Antimicrobial, Anti-Quorum Sensing, and Antioxidant Activities of Saudi Sidr Honey: In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies

Bazaid AS, Alsolami A, Patel M, Khateb AM, Aldarhami A, Snoussi M, Almusheet SM, Qanash H

Pharmaceutics

22-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10534861
doi:	10.3390/pharmaceutics15092177
PMID:	37765148

Valorisation of Zingiber officinale Roscoe postharvest residues as byproducts with antioxidant capacity

Jorge-Montalvo P, Vílchez-Perales C, Visitación-Figueroa L

Heliyon

15-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10457535
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19137
PMID:	37636380

In Vitro Antiproliferative Apoptosis Induction and Cell Cycle Arrest Potential of Saudi Sidr Honey against Colorectal Cancer

Qanash H, Bazaid AS, Binsaleh NK, Patel M, Althomali OW, Sheeha BB

Nutrients

04-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10421499
doi:	10.3390/nu15153448
PMID:	37571386

Honey Origin Authentication via Mineral Profiling Combined with Chemometric Approaches

Pavlin A, Kočar D, Imperl J, Kolar M, Marolt G, Petrova P

Foods

25-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10417852
doi:	10.3390/foods12152826
PMID:	37569095

Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, Toxicological, and Pharmacological Properties of Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam.: A Comprehensive Review

Bencheikh N, Radi FZ, Fakchich J, Elbouzidi A, Ouahhoud S, Ouasti M, Bouhrim M, Ouasti I, Hano C, Elachouri M

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

11-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10142143
doi:	10.3390/ph16040575
PMID:	37111332

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1R,2R,3R,4R,6R,7R,8S,9R,12R,13R,16S,18R)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2,7,13,17,17-hexamethyl-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-3,4,7-triol	102066552	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3CCC4(C5CCC6C7C(C(OC7(C(C6(C5(CCC4C3(C)C)C)C)O)O)CC=C(C)C)(C)O)C)CO)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	961.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00721-2
(1R,2R,3R,4R,6R,7R,8S,9R,12R,13R,16S,18R)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2,7,13,17,17-hexamethyl-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-3,4,7-triol	102066551	Click to see	961.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00721-2
(2R)-2-[(2R)-4-[(2R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-[(2R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2R,5R,10R,11R,14S,15R,16S,20S)-16-hydroxy-2,6,6,10,16-pentamethyl-18-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-19,21-dioxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tricosan-7-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	138114261	Click to see	1207.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00721-2
2-[[3-[3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-[4,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(1S,2R,7S,10R,11R,14R,15S,16S,20S)-16-hydroxy-2,6,6,10,16-pentamethyl-18-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-19,21-dioxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tricosan-7-yl]oxy]-6-methyloxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol	11970115	Click to see	1207.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00721-2
2-[4-[4,5-Dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-[[16-hydroxy-2,6,6,10,16-pentamethyl-18-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-19,21-dioxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tricosan-7-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	73110002	Click to see	1237.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00721-2
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Peptides / Cyclic peptides
(13Z)-6-(2-amino-3-methylbutanoyl)-10-butan-2-yl-2-oxa-6,9,12-triazatricyclo[13.2.2.03,7]nonadeca-1(17),13,15,18-tetraene-8,11-dione	152772014	Click to see	442.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(01)00363-X
(E)-N-[(10E)-7-(2-methylpropyl)-5,8-dioxo-3-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-6,9-diazabicyclo[10.2.2]hexadeca-1(14),10,12,15-tetraen-4-yl]-3-phenylprop-2-enamide	14729078	Click to see CC(C)CC1C(=O)NC=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC(C(C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C=CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(C)C	489.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50118A004
2-(dimethylamino)-N-[(10E)-7-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-5,8-dioxo-3-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-6,9-diazabicyclo[10.2.2]hexadeca-1(14),10,12,15-tetraen-4-yl]-3-phenylpropanamide	14729081	Click to see CC(C)C1C(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC=CC2=CC=C(O1)C=C2)C(C(C)C)O)NC(=O)C(CC3=CC=CC=C3)N(C)C	550.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50118A004
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Peptides / Oligopeptides
(2S)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-[(3R,4S,7S,10E)-7-(2-methylpropyl)-5,8-dioxo-3-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-6,9-diazabicyclo[10.2.2]hexadeca-1(14),10,12,15-tetraen-4-yl]-3-phenylpropanamide	101921947	Click to see CC(C)CC1C(=O)NC=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC(C(C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C(CC3=CC=CC=C3)N(C)C)C(C)C	534.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50118A004
(2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[(7S,10S,13E)-10-butan-2-yl-16-hydroxy-8,11-dioxo-2-oxa-6,9,12-triazatricyclo[13.3.1.03,7]nonadeca-1(19),13,15,17-tetraen-6-yl]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]-2-(dimethylamino)-4-methylpentanamide	101917047	Click to see CCC(C)C1C(=O)NC=CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)OC3CCN(C3C(=O)N1)C(=O)C(CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)N(C)C)O	647.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(01)00363-X https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00669-K
(2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[(7S,10S,13E)-10-butan-2-yl-8,11-dioxo-2-oxa-6,9,12-triazatricyclo[13.2.2.03,7]nonadeca-1(17),13,15,18-tetraen-6-yl]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]-2-(dimethylamino)-4-methylpentanamide	101917049	Click to see CCC(C)C1C(=O)NC=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC3CCN(C3C(=O)N1)C(=O)C(CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)N(C)C	631.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85186-U https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00669-K
(2S)-N-[(3S,4S,7R,10E)-7-benzyl-5,8-dioxo-3-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-6,9-diazabicyclo[10.2.2]hexadeca-1(14),10,12,15-tetraen-4-yl]-1-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide	101921946	Click to see	620.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50118A004
(2S)-N-[(3S,4S,7R,10E)-7-butan-2-yl-5,8-dioxo-3-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-6,9-diazabicyclo[10.2.2]hexadeca-1(14),10,12,15-tetraen-4-yl]-2-(dimethylamino)-3-phenylpropanamide	101921404	Click to see	534.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50118A004
(3S,10S,13E)-10-butan-2-yl-6-[(2S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-phenylpropanoyl]-2-oxa-6,9,12-triazatricyclo[13.2.2.03,7]nonadeca-1(18),13,15(19),16-tetraene-8,11-dione	101229399	Click to see CCC(C)C1C(=O)NC=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC3CCN(C3C(=O)N1)C(=O)C(CC4=CC=CC=C4)N(C)C	518.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85186-U
(3S,10S,13E)-10-butan-2-yl-6-[(2S)-2-(methylamino)-3-phenylpropanoyl]-2-oxa-6,9,12-triazatricyclo[13.2.2.03,7]nonadeca-1(18),13,15(19),16-tetraene-8,11-dione	101229398	Click to see CCC(C)C1C(=O)NC=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC3CCN(C3C(=O)N1)C(=O)C(CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC	504.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(01)00363-X
10-Butan-2-yl-16-hydroxy-6-[2-(methylamino)-3-phenylpropanoyl]-2-oxa-6,9,12-triazatricyclo[13.3.1.03,7]nonadeca-1(19),13,15,17-tetraene-8,11-dione	163044971	Click to see	520.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00669-K https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(01)00363-X
2-(Dimethylamino)-N-[(10Z)-7-(2-methylpropyl)-5,8-dioxo-3-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-6,9-diazabicyclo[10.2.2]hexadeca-1(14),10,12,15-tetraen-4-yl]-3-phenylpropanamide	5317387	Click to see	534.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50118A004
> Organic acids and derivatives / Peptidomimetics / Hybrid peptides
(2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[(7S,10S,13E)-10-butan-2-yl-8,11-dioxo-2-oxa-6,9,12-triazatricyclo[13.2.2.03,7]nonadeca-1(17),13,15,18-tetraen-6-yl]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]-N,3-dimethyl-2-(methylamino)butanamide	101917048	Click to see	617.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00669-K
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
Procyanidin B2, (+)-	122738	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Epicatechin	72276	Click to see	290.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside	15939939	Click to see	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rutin	5280805	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200323205

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Ziziphus lotus

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top