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Polygonum cognatum

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Table of Contents

Details
Description
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Biological Material
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440032911660797679370
Scientific name Polygonum cognatum
Authority Meisn.
First published in Monogr. Polyg. : 91 (1826)

Description Top

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Polygonum cognatum, also known as Indian knotgrass or madimak, is a creeping perennial herb in the Polygonum genus. It is commonly consumed by people in Turkey and is known for its larger leaves compared to other species in the genus. This plant is found in the Irano-Turanian Region and can grow between 760-5600 meters in elevation. It is considered a weed and can be found in both agricultural and non-agricultural areas. There are two subspecies of Polygonum cognatum, one of which is endemic to Chitral, Pakistan. In Turkey, madimak is a popular traditional edible plant, particularly in the Central Anatolia Region. Due to its high demand, farmers have started cultivating it in this region. Studies have also shown that madimak has high antioxidant activity, with the water extract having the highest levels.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Polygonum alpestre C.A.Mey. Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. : 157 (1831)
Polygonum ammanioides Jaub. & Spach Ill. Pl. Orient. , pl. 19 1844
Polygonum rupestre Kar. & Kir. Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 710 (1842)
Polygonum myriophyllum H.Gross Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 344 (1913)
Polygonum cognatum var. alpestre (C.A.Mey.) Meisn. Prodr. 14: 96 1856

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
diq nanê mıriçıkan
Turkish badımak
Turkish badımalak
Turkish Çobanekmeği
Turkish madımalak
Turkish madımak
Chinese 岩萹蓄
Chinese 岩蓼

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Polygonum cognatum subsp. chitralicum (Rech.f. & Schiman-Czeika) Qaiser Fl. Pakistan 205: 84 (2001)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • China
      • Inner Mongolia
      • Xinjiang
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
      • Kirgizstan
      • Tadzhikistan
      • Turkmenistan
      • Uzbekistan
    • Mongolia
      • Mongolia
    • Siberia
      • Altay
    • Western Asia
      • Afghanistan
      • Iran
      • Iraq
      • Lebanon-Syria
      • Palestine
      • Turkey
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Nepal
      • Pakistan
      • West Himalaya
  • Europe
    • Northern Europe
      • Great Britain
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Bulgaria
    • Southwestern Europe
      • France

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000489719
Tropicos 26002286
INPN 114689
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:695571-1
The Plant List kew-2574767
Open Tree Of Life 134848
Observations.org 120812
NCBI Taxonomy 487757
NBN Atlas NHMSYS0000461852
IPNI 695571-1
iNaturalist 371579
GBIF 7291308
Freebase /m/0jwr7qn
EPPO POLCG
EOL 2904216
Wikipedia Polygonum_cognatum

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Exploring the anthelmintic activity of Olea europaea L (Olive) leaves extract and oleuropein in mice naturally infected with Aspiculuris tetraptera Kamran MA, Yildirimhan HS, Şenlik B Helminthologia 26-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10750239
doi:10.2478/helm-2023-0025
PMID:38152475
Posters N/A FEBS Open Bio 28-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10300527
doi:10.1002/2211-5463.13646
Comprehensive Evaluation of Three Important Herbs for Kombucha Fermentation Tefon Öztürk BE, Eroğlu B, Delik E, Çiçek M, Çiçek E Food Technol Biotechnol 01-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10187572
doi:10.17113/ftb.61.01.23.7789
PMID:37200785
Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Seven Polygonum Species from Turkey: A Chemotaxonomic Approach Demirpolat A Molecules 19-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9785205
doi:10.3390/molecules27249053
PMID:36558187
Identification of Gedunin from a Phytochemical Depository as a Novel Multidrug Resistance-Bypassing Tubulin Inhibitor of Cancer Cells Khalid SA, Dawood M, Boulos JC, Wasfi M, Drif A, Bahramimehr F, Shahhamzehei N, Shan L, Efferth T Molecules 09-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9501561
doi:10.3390/molecules27185858
PMID:36144591
Ethnopharmacobotanical Findings of Medicinal Plants in the Kızılcahamam District of Ankara, Turkey GÜRBÜZ İ, ÖZATKAN G, AKAYDIN G, GÜNBATAN T Turk J Pharm Sci 30-Dec-2021
PMCID:PMC8744430
doi:10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.12574
PMID:34978396
An Update on Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Activities of the Genus Persicaria and Polygonum Seimandi G, Álvarez N, Stegmayer MI, Fernández L, Ruiz V, Favaro MA, Derita M Molecules 01-Oct-2021
PMCID:PMC8512787
doi:10.3390/molecules26195956
PMID:34641500
An Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants in Mersin (Turkey) Emre G, Dogan A, Haznedaroglu MZ, Senkardes I, Ulger M, Satiroglu A, Can Emmez B, Tugay O Front Pharmacol 07-Jul-2021
PMCID:PMC8294455
doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.664500
PMID:34305586
Anthelminthic medicinal plants in veterinary ethnopharmacology: A network meta-analysis following the PRISMA-P and PROSPERO recommendations Calzetta L, Pistocchini E, Leo A, Roncada P, Ritondo BL, Palma E, di Cave D, Britti D Heliyon 04-Feb-2020
PMCID:PMC7005420
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03256
PMID:32055724
Diet of the brown bear in Himalaya: Combining classical and molecular genetic techniques Nawaz MA, Valentini A, Khan NK, Miquel C, Taberlet P, Swenson JE PLoS One 26-Dec-2019
PMCID:PMC6932756
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0225698
PMID:31877137
Determination of biological activity of Tragopogon porrifolius and Polygonum cognatum consumed intensively by people in Sivas Eruygur N, Ucar E, Ataş M, Ergul M, Ergul M, Sozmen F Toxicol Rep 06-Dec-2019
PMCID:PMC6920106
doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.12.002
PMID:31879598
Wild edible plants in Yeşilli (Mardin-Turkey), a multicultural area Yeşil Y, Çelik M, Yılmaz B J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 05-Nov-2019
PMCID:PMC6833206
doi:10.1186/s13002-019-0327-y
PMID:31690334
GEOMETRIC, VOLUMETRIC, COLOUR AND FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED SALVIA SPECIES OF TURKEY Bayram M, Altuntas E, Yilar M Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 01-Mar-2017
PMCID:PMC5412217
doi:10.21010/ajtcam.v14i3.13
PMID:28480423
Ethnobotanical survey of plants used in Afyonkarahisar-Turkey Arı S, Temel M, Kargıoğlu M, Konuk M J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 23-Dec-2015
PMCID:PMC4690277
doi:10.1186/s13002-015-0067-6
PMID:26701098
Effect of Extraction Conditions on Measured Total Polyphenol Contents and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Black Tea Turkmen N, Velioglu YS, Sari F, Polat G Molecules 13-Mar-2007
PMCID:PMC6149426
doi:10.3390/12030484
PMID:17851405

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid 72 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)O)O)O 154.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85309-4
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 135 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O 138.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85309-4
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid 370 Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)O 170.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85309-4
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillic Acid 8468 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O 168.15 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85309-4
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 86821 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85309-4
24-Ethylcholest-5-en-3beta-ol 22012 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85309-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Chrysin 5281607 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O 254.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85309-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 51402807 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85309-4
Rutin 5280805 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 610.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85309-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
3-Methoxyluteolin 5280681 Click to see COC1=C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O 316.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85309-4
Isokaempferide 5280862 Click to see COC1=C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O 300.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85309-4

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