Parietaria officinalis

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644000ef16cf3927470954
Scientific name Parietaria officinalis
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 1052 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Young leaves and tender shoots of Parietaria officinalis are harvested wild in spring and early summer. The fresh greens are used in mixed salads or as a raw garnish, and the leaves are also boiled, steamed, or sautéed as a potherb, similar to spinach. Their mild flavor and soft texture make them suitable for both raw and lightly cooked preparations. The Plants for a Future (PFAF) database (2022) lists the species as edible and records these uses, and regional flora references (e.g., Flora of Italy, Pignatti 1982) note the consumption of the plant as a wild green.

Standards and regulation:
Wild‑collected leafy greens such as P. officinalis fall under the general EU food‑safety framework. The hygiene of foodstuffs is regulated by Regulation (EC) No 852/2004, which applies to primary production, handling, and processing of wild herbs. The product is not listed as a novel food under Regulation (EU) 2015/2283, and therefore must meet national requirements concerning identification, contaminant testing (e.g., heavy metals, pesticide residues) and labeling as a “wild herb” in the member state where it is marketed. The European Food Safety Authority’s “Guidance on Traditional Food” (EFSA, 2020) outlines the risk assessment approach for such products.

Sustainability and sourcing:
P. officinalis has a wide native range in the Mediterranean basin and central Europe, as recorded in Euro+Med PlantBase. The species is not listed as threatened on the IUCN Red List and is considered common in many parts of its range. Harvest is therefore based on wild populations, typically from wall, rock and disturbed‑ground habitats. Over‑collection in small areas can locally reduce plant density, so sustainable collection practices—such as leaving a minimum of 30 % of shoots, rotating collection sites, and avoiding harvest in protected reserves—are recommended. The species is not cultivated on a commercial scale, and its supply depends on the continued availability of suitable semi‑natural habitats.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Parietaria erecta Mert. & W.D.J.Koch Deutschl. Fl. , ed. 3, 1: 825 (1823)
Parietaria assurgens Poir. Encycl. 5: 15 (1804)
Parietaria rubicunda Pohl ex Miq. Fl. Bras. 4(1): 194 (1853)
Parietaria populifolia Nym. Linnaea 18: 661 (1845)
Parietaria muralis Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 69 (1796)
Parietaria nitens K.Koch Linnaea 22: 607 (1849)
Parietaria nitida Miq. Fl. Bras. 4(1): 204 (1853)
Helxine dioscoridis Bubani Fl. Pyren. 1: 76 (1897)
Parietaria canescens Blume Mus. Bot. 2(13-16): 249. 1857 [19 Feb 1857]
Parietaria erecta Mert. ex W.D.J.Koch
Parietaria officinalis var. erecta (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Bab.
Parietaria diffusa Schur
Parietaria officinalis subsp. erecta (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Schübl. & G.Martens
Parietaria officinalis unranked elatior Clementi Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino ser. 2, 16: 323 1857

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English pellitory-of-the-wall
English eastern pellitory-of-the-wall
English upright pellitory
English lichwort
English erect pellitory-of-the-wall
Spanish canarroya
Spanish cañarroya
Spanish caracolera
Spanish hierba del muro
Spanish albahaca de culebra
Arabic حشيشة الزجاج المخزنية
Arabic ودن الفار
Arabic حشيشة الريح
Arabic لسان الطير
Arabic حريقة
Arabic حبيقة
Azerbaijani dərman qayaotu
Bulgarian лечебна разваленка
Catalan herba de paret
Catalan herba de mur
Catalan blet de paret
Catalan herba roquera
Catalan rocamorella
Catalan vitriaria
Catalan morella roquera
co vitriola
co vitriolu
Czech drnavec lékařský
Welsh paladr-y-wal dwyreiniol
Danish murnælde
Danish almindelig springknap
German gemeines glaskraut
German aufrechtes glaskraut
Estonian harilik juudinõges
Basque horma-belar sendagarri
Persian پاریتاریا آفیسینالیس
Finnish pystymuuriyrtti
French pariétaire officinale
French herbe à bouteille
French pariétaire
French parietaire officinale
French perce-muraille
Irish feabhraíd reatha
Irish feabhraíd dhíreach
grc ἑλξίνη
Croatian ljekovita crkvina
Upper Sorbian runy sćěnowc
Hungarian romfű
Hungarian falifű
Hungarian falgyom
Hungarian közönséges falgyom
io parietario
Italian erba vetriola
Italian erba vento
lij canigèa
Dutch groot glaskruid
oc paredalha
Polish pomurnik lekarski
Slovenian navadna krišina
Swedish väggört
Turkish duvar fesleğeni
Turkish yapışkan otu
vec veriola
vec erba veriola
Walloon trawe-meur d' apoteke

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • Middle Asia
      • Turkmenistan
    • Western Asia
      • Iran
      • Turkey
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Krym
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Finland
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Corse
      • France
      • Sardegna
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil Northeast
      • Brazil South
      • Brazil Southeast
    • Caribbean
      • Bermuda
      • Haiti
    • Western South America
      • Colombia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000473231
UNII 2C839WQ03N
Flora of Alabama 3647
USDA Plants PAOF
Tropicos 33400018
INPN 112413
Flora of Italy 304
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:854958-1
The Plant List kew-2546423
PFAF Parietaria officinalis
Open Tree Of Life 630642
NCBI Taxonomy 13187
NBN Atlas NHMSYS0100002300
Nature Serve 2.155640
IPNI 854958-1
iNaturalist 84889
GBIF 5361803
Freebase /m/06tvns
EPPO PAIOF
EOL 594856
USDA GRIN 26765
Wikipedia Parietaria_officinalis

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Saving the local tradition: ethnobotanical survey on the use of plants in Bologna district (Italy) Chiocchio I, Marincich L, Mandrone M, Trincia S, Tarozzi C, Poli F J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 12-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10936038
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00664-1
PMID:38475780
Plants in Menstrual Diseases: A Systematic Study from Italian Folk Medicine on Current Approaches Mazzei R, Genovese C, Magariello A, Patitucci A, Russo G, Tagarelli G Plants (Basel) 22-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10935160
doi:10.3390/plants13050589
PMID:38475436
Traditional Knowledge Evolution over Half of a Century: Local Herbal Resources and Their Changes in the Upper Susa Valley of Northwest Italy Sulaiman N, Zocchi DM, Borrello MT, Mattalia G, Antoniazzi L, Berlinghof SE, Bewick A, Häfliger I, Schembs M, Torri L, Pieroni A Plants (Basel) 22-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10780445
doi:10.3390/plants13010043
PMID:38202351
The most polyphagous insect herbivore? Host plant associations of the Meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.) Thompson V, Harkin C, Stewart AJ PLoS One 04-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10602594
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0291734
PMID:37792900
Impact of climate change on allergic diseases in Germany Bergmann KC, Brehler R, Endler C, Höflich C, Kespohl S, Plaza M, Raulf M, Standl M, Thamm R, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Werchan B J Health Monit 06-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10548488
doi:10.25646/11654
PMID:37799537
Ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants used against skin ailments on Mount Pelion, central Greece Tsioutsiou EE, Cheilari A, Aligiannis N Front Pharmacol 31-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10424924
doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1225580
PMID:37583900
Elevated serum polyclonal immunoglobulin free light chains in patients with severe asthma Basile U, Santini G, Napodano C, Macis G, Pocino K, Gulli F, Malerba M, Bush A, Adcock IM, Montuschi P Front Pharmacol 16-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10311563
doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1126535
PMID:37397489
Specialized Metabolites Produced by Phytotopatogen Fungi to Control Weeds and Parasite Plants Evidente A Microorganisms 26-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10142921
doi:10.3390/microorganisms11040843
PMID:37110266
Applications of Perilla frutescens Extracts in Clinical Practice Adam G, Robu S, Flutur MM, Cioanca O, Vasilache IA, Adam AM, Mircea C, Nechita A, Harabor V, Harabor A, Hancianu M Antioxidants (Basel) 16-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10045045
doi:10.3390/antiox12030727
PMID:36978975
A Laboratory Evaluation of the New Automated Pollen Sensor Beenose: Pollen Discrimination Using Machine Learning Techniques El Azari H, Renard JB, Lauthier J, Dudok de Wit T Sensors (Basel) 09-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10057867
doi:10.3390/s23062964
PMID:36991674
IgE-Dependent Allergy in Patients with Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review Majsiak E, Choina M, Knyziak-Mędrzycka I, Bierła JB, Janeczek K, Wykrota J, Cukrowska B Nutrients 16-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9960367
doi:10.3390/nu15040995
PMID:36839352
Mechanisms and biomarkers of successful allergen-specific immunotherapy López JF, Bel Imam M, Satitsuksanoa P, Lems S, Yang M, Hwang YK, Losol P, Choi JP, Kim SH, Chang YS, Akdis M, Akdis CA, van de Veen W Asia Pac Allergy 31-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9669467
doi:10.5415/apallergy.2022.12.e45
PMID:36452016
Subcutaneous birch pollen allergen immunotherapy with a depigmented polymerized extract shows only sustained and long‐term efficacy in a subgroup of monosensitized adults and adolescents with allergic rhinitis Novak N, Worm M, Staubach P, Jutel M, Sager A, Pfaar O Clin Transl Allergy 05-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9533217
doi:10.1002/clt2.12185
PMID:36225264
HSP70 upregulation in nasal mucosa of symptomatic children with allergic rhinitis and potential risk of asthma development Fagotti A, Lucentini L, Simoncelli F, La Porta G, Brustenga L, Bizzarri I, Trio S, Isidori C, Di Rosa I, Di Cara G Sci Rep 18-Aug-2022
PMCID:PMC9388484
doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18443-x
PMID:35982171
Ethnobotanical Review and Dataset Compiling on Wild and Cultivated Plants Traditionally Used as Medicinal Remedies in Italy Monari S, Ferri M, Salinitro M, Tassoni A Plants (Basel) 04-Aug-2022
PMCID:PMC9370752
doi:10.3390/plants11152041
PMID:35956518

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Corynanthean-type alkaloids
Methyl (2R)-2-[(2S,12bS)-3-ethenyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizin-2-yl]-3-hydroxypropanoate 5321352 Click to see 354.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80203-S
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Pentacarboxylic acids and derivatives
1-[(R)-carboxy-[(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxymethoxy]pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid 163187445 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)OC(C(=O)O)ON2C(=CC(=C2C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)O)O 451.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80203-S
1-[Carboxy-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]methoxy]pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid 163014387 Click to see 451.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80203-S
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrroles / Pyrrole carboxylic acids and derivatives / Pyrrole carboxylic acids / Pyrrole 2-carboxylic acids
Pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 150884 Click to see 155.11 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80203-S
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
Phaselic acid, (-)- 92299542 Click to see 296.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80203-S
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one 51402807 Click to see 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50038A033
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 139031044 Click to see 624.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50038A033
Astragalin 5282102 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50038A033
Kaempferol-3-O-Rutinoside 5318767 Click to see 594.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50038A033
Quercetin 3-sophoroside 44259144 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O 626.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50038A033
Rutin 5280805 Click to see 610.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50038A033
Sophoraflavonoloside 5282155 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O 610.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50038A033

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