Actinidia kolomikta
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID6440073c7b918585901462 |
| Scientific name | Actinidia kolomikta |
| Authority | Maxim. |
| First published in | Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 63 (1859) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Ethnobotanical Uses
The fruits of Actinidia kolomikta are enjoyed as fresh snacks and preserves throughout temperate parts of Japan, Korea, and the Russian Far East, where they are highly valued for their sweet–tart flavor. In the Russian Far East, leaves and young shoots are occasionally steeped as a mildly refreshing tea for a brisk, tangy cup. In Japan, particularly Aomori Prefecture, ripe fruit is simmered with sugar to make a clear, gently acidic jam that is spread on toast or used to glaze fish. In parts of Korea, a lightly spiced drink is prepared by boiling the ripe fruit with water and ginger, creating a warming infusion served hot. In northeastern China, especially Liaoning and Jilin, leaves are also infused to make a simple leaf tea that is sipped in the afternoon. These uses are reported for Japan by Hosokawa and coauthors, 1983; for the Russian Far East by Pimenov and Leonov, 1993; for China by Li and Ma, 2004; and for Korea by Park et al., 2005.
A simple fruit tea is the most common preparation. Peel and roughly chop 120–150 g of ripe fruit (about 1 cup), add to 500 ml of boiling water, and simmer 8–10 minutes. Sweeten lightly, and serve hot. This yields a mildly acidic, refreshing drink that is widely used. For a leaf tea, use 2–3 g of fresh young leaves in 250 ml of just-boiled water, cover, and steep 5–7 minutes; drink within the day. Traditional use focuses on the ripe fruit, and both products are gentle and daily beverages rather than medicines. No explicit cautions are documented for the tea or decoction, though as a precaution, people with known sensitivity to kiwi fruit should test a small amount. In common practice, pregnant or nursing individuals are advised to use modest amounts and observe individual tolerance.
The fruit is especially rich in vitamin C, and the leaves and fruit contain flavonoids and organic acids, notably malic acid. Vitamin C and these organic acids plausibly explain the brisk, invigorating taste and the widespread use of infusions and decoctions as refreshing drinks. No other major medicinal preparations are widely recorded for Actinidia kolomikta.
Modern relevance: the species remains a regional specialty with small-scale production and niche market interest, while research continues to profile its nutrients and antioxidant capacity, sustaining both traditional use and new applications.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Fresh fruit is sold as a specialty product. Fruit is processed into juices and jams; skin can be used as an edible source of anthocyanins. Leaves are not a commercial product but are used as animal forage.
Industrial and craft applications:
There is limited industrial use. Trials have evaluated leaves and stems for bioactive extraction, but these are not established industrial feedstocks.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Fruit is eaten fresh and used in confectionery and bakery products. Fruit is processed into juice, cider, jam, and wine; purees and concentrates are used as flavor bases. The fruit’s high acidity and vitamin C support stable flavor in processed foods. Anthocyanin-rich peel can be used as a natural color extract for foods.
Properties relevant to use:
Mature fruit typically contain 2–10% sugars (primarily glucose and fructose) and about 60–200 mg/100 g vitamin C. Acidity is usually 1–2% citric/malic acids; the high titratable acidity supports sugar/acid balance in beverages. Peel contains cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and related anthocyanins (reported at up to ~300 mg/100 g fresh peel), providing pH-dependent red–purple coloration.
Standards and regulation:
Fresh fruit may be marketed under national food safety and labeling laws. Where anthocyanin extracts are used as food colorants, regulatory approval varies by jurisdiction.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Cold-hardy cultivars enable northern production with reduced pest pressure. Plantings yield low to moderate fruit per vine and require structured training. Fruit ripens late summer to early autumn. Leaves have moderate nutritional value for livestock, supporting integration into agroforestry systems.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Actinidia gagnepainii | Nakai | Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 47: 258 (1933) |
| Actinidia kolomikta var. gagnepainii | (Nakai) H.L.Li | J. Arnold Arbor. 33: 19 1952 |
| Actinidia leptophylla | C.Y.Wu | Fl. Yunnanica 1: 63 (1977) |
| Actinidia maloides | H.L.Li | J. Arnold Arbor. 33: 25 (1952) |
| Actinidia maloides f. cordata | C.F.Liang | Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 49(2): 311, 215 (1984). |
| Actinidia tetramera var. maloides | (H.L.Li) C.Y.Wu | Fl. Yunnanica 1: 69 (1977) |
| Prunus kolomikta | Maxim. | Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 15: 129 (1856) |
| Prunus kolomikta | Maxim. & Rupr. | Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 15: 129 1857 |
| Kalomikta mandshurica | Regel | Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 15: 219. 1857 |
| Trochostigma kolomikta | Rupr. | Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 15: 261 (1857) |
| Actinidia kolomikta var. sugawarana | (Koidz.) Vorosch. | Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 84: 33 (1972) |
| Actinidia kolomikta var. shihmienensis | C.Y.Chang | J. Sichuan Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 3: 78 (1976) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | kolomikta |
| English | arctic beauty kiwi |
| English | arctic beauty |
| English | variegated-leaf hardy kiwi |
| English | miyamatatabi |
| Spanish | prunus kolomikta |
| Spanish | kalomikta mandshurica |
| Spanish | actinidia kolomikta var. gagnepainii |
| Spanish | actinidia gagnepainii |
| Spanish | trochostigma kolomikta |
| Arabic | اكتينيديا كولوميتا |
| Azerbaijani | kolomikt aktinidiyası |
| azb | کولومیکت آکتینیدیاسی |
| Belarusian | актынідыя каламікта |
| Czech | aktinidie kolomikta |
| Danish | kamæleonbusk |
| Estonian | südajas aktiniidia |
| Finnish | kiinanlaikkuköynnös |
| French | kiwi arctique |
| Icelandic | kattaflétta |
| Japanese | ミヤママタタビ |
| Korean | 쥐다래 |
| Lithuanian | margalapė aktinidija |
| Dutch | ananas actinidie |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | raudkattebusk |
| os | Лывзгæрдæг |
| Polish | aktinidia pstrolistna |
| Russian | актинидия коломикта |
| Russian | ползун |
| Russian | Амурский крыжовник |
| Russian | Актинидия Сугавары |
| Russian | Актинидия амурская |
| Swedish | kameleontbuske |
| Chinese | 狗棗獼猴桃 |
| Chinese | 深山木天蓼 |
| Chinese | 深山木天寥 |
| Chinese | 狗枣猕猴桃 |
| Chinese | 狗枣子 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Start at 4°C for 3 months, then warm to 20°C for another 3 months. |
| subject to damping off |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China North-central
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Manchuria
-
Eastern Asia
- Japan
- Korea
-
Middle Asia
- Uzbekistan
-
Russian Far East
- Khabarovsk
- Kuril Islands
- Primorye
- Sakhalin
-
China
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000519272 |
| Cornell Woody Plants | 16 |
| UConn | 34 |
| Tropicos | 500172 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:828402-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2620720 |
| Plantarium | 696 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 275436 |
| PFAF | Actinidia kolomikta |
| Open Tree Of Life | 279941 |
| Observations.org | 130460 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 165710 |
| IPNI | 828402-1 |
| iNaturalist | 710266 |
| GBIF | 7270682 |
| Freebase | /m/0463wfc |
| EPPO | ATIKO |
| EOL | 231266 |
| Elurikkus | 581072 |
| USDA GRIN | 1409 |
| Wikipedia | Actinidia_kolomikta |
| CMAUP | NPO16109 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives | |||||
| (S)-Mandelonitrile | 439767 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C#N)O | 133.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Branched fatty acids / Methyl-branched fatty acids | |||||
| (R)-2-Methylbutanoic acid | 6950479 | Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)O | 102.13 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Eicosanoic Acid | 10467 | Click to see | 312.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Myristic Acid | 11005 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 228.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Palmitoleic Acid | 445638 | Click to see CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 254.41 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Stearic Acid | 5281 | Click to see | 284.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols | |||||
| 2-Hexen-1-OL | 5318042 | Click to see CCCC=CCO | 100.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Linoleic Acid | 5280450 | Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 280.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Linolenic Acid | 5280934 | Click to see | 278.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| Citral | 638011 | Click to see | 152.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Linalool, (-)- | 443158 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids | |||||
| P-Cymene | 7463 | Click to see | 134.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-alpha-Terpineol | 442501 | Click to see | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Terpinolene | 11463 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| I2-Ionone | 638014 | Click to see | 192.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Vomifoliol, (+)- | 5280462 | Click to see | 224.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Xanthophylls | |||||
| Flavoxanthin | 5281238 | Click to see | 584.90 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Rubixanthin | 5281252 | Click to see | 552.90 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| alpha-Amyrin acetate | 92842 | Click to see | 468.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Estrane steroids / Estrogens and derivatives | |||||
| (8S,9S,13S,14R)-3-hydroxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one | 670995 | Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1CCC2=O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)O | 270.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| Poriferasterol | 5281330 | Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 412.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Stigmasteryl-beta-d-glucopyranoside | 12895774 | Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 574.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives | |||||
| 2-(Carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxybutanedioate;hydron | 88113319 | Click to see [H+].[H+].C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O | 192.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glucuronides / O-glucuronides | |||||
| beta-D-GlcpA-(1->6)-beta-D-Galp | 70680285 | Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C(=O)O)O)O)O | 356.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Cyanogenic glycosides | |||||
| Amygdalin | 656516 | Click to see | 457.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Neoamygdalin | 441462 | Click to see | 457.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Prunasin | 119033 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C#N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O | 295.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Medium-chain aldehydes | |||||
| 2-Nonenal | 5283335 | Click to see CCCCCCC=CC=O | 140.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2,4-Decadienal | 5283349 | Click to see | 152.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Hexanal | 6184 | Click to see | 100.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| trans-2-Hexenal | 5281168 | Click to see | 98.14 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones | |||||
| (5S)-5-butyloxolan-2-one | 7057972 | Click to see CCCCC1CCC(=O)O1 | 142.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (R)-gamma-Decalactone | 183870 | Click to see | 170.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Gamma-dodecalactone, (R)- | 10888889 | Click to see | 198.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydrofurans | |||||
| Linalool oxide, cis- | 6428573 | Click to see | 170.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids | |||||
| (1S,5R,6S,13R,21S)-5,13-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.03,8.015,20]henicosa-2(11),3(8),9,15,17,19-hexaene-6,9,17,19,21-pentol | 5317050 | Click to see | 544.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,5S,6R,13R,21S)-5,13-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.03,8.015,20]henicosa-2(11),3(8),9,15,17,19-hexaene-6,9,17,19,21-pentol | 73353883 | Click to see | 544.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,5S,6S,13R,21S)-5,13-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.03,8.015,20]henicosa-2(11),3(8),9,15,17,19-hexaene-6,9,17,19,21-pentol | 5317051 | Click to see | 544.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(1S,5R,6R,13R,21S)-6,9,17,19-tetrahydroxy-5,13-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.03,8.015,20]henicosa-2(11),3(8),9,15,17,19-hexaen-21-yl] 4-hydroxybenzoate | 10723070 | Click to see | 664.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Mahuannin A | 5317052 | Click to see | 544.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols | |||||
| Kaempferol | 5280863 | Click to see | 286.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Quercetin | 5280343 | Click to see | 302.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-4-One | 5378597 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9569-6 |
| 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 5462193 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O | 448.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9569-6 |
| Isoquercetin | 5280804 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9569-6 |
| Isorhamnetin 3-galactoside | 13245586 | Click to see | 478.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9569-6 |
| Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside | 5318645 | Click to see | 478.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9569-6 |
| Kaempferol 3-O-rhamninoside | 14186901 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC4=C(OC5=CC(=CC(=C5C4=O)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)C)O)O)O)O | 740.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9569-6 |
| Kaempferol 3-O-rhamninoside | 23815364 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC4=C(OC5=CC(=CC(=C5C4=O)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)C)O)O)O)O | 740.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9569-6 |
| Rutin | 5280805 | Click to see | 610.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Trifolin | 5282149 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O | 448.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9569-6 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides | |||||
| [(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] acetate | 46845192 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC)O)O)O)OC(=O)C | 488.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9569-6 |
| [6-[3,5-Dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] acetate | 75219348 | Click to see | 488.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9569-6 |
| 3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]-4H-chromen-4-one | 13940823 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9569-6 |
| 5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(1S,2R,3S,4R,5R)-1,2,3,4,5-pentahydroxy-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyhexoxy]-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 162926999 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC(C(C(C(C(O)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C)O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 758.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9569-6 |
| 5-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[1,2,3,4,5-pentahydroxy-6-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyhexoxy]-7-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one | 162926998 | Click to see | 758.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9569-6 |
| Kaempferol-7-rhamnoside | 25079965 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O | 432.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9569-6 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |