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Odontites vulgaris

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ff720d0f26944755691
Scientific name Odontites vulgaris
Authority Moench
First published in Methodus : 439 (1794)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

South‑European folk herbalism records several remedies based on Odontites vulgaris. In the Italian Alps (Trentino–South Tyrol), dried aerial parts were used in tea for colds and “stomach upset,” with infusions sometimes sweetened with honey (Cavina and Sambo, 2004). In the French Pyrenees, mountain shepherds brewed a decoction from the herb as a digestive tonic, and a few mentions exist of “infusion for fevers” among Basque informants (Dugrand, 1973). The Czech flora also notes that a weak decoction of the herb has been used for minor digestive complaints and as a diuretic (Hejný and Slavík, 1988). Reported preparations include either simple infusions of a handful of herb in hot water for several minutes or decoctions simmered briefly in water before cooling; the leaves and tender stems are the plant parts normally employed.

Practical recipe (mild tea). Place 1–2 g of dried aerial parts (roughly one generous pinch) in a cup and pour over 200 ml just‑boiled water. Cover and steep 8–12 minutes. Strain and drink warm once daily. This preparation is for short‑term, occasional use only. No serious adverse reactions are documented for O. vulgaris, but avoid during pregnancy and do not exceed suggested doses; discontinue if any irritation or allergic reaction occurs.

Phytochemistry relevant to these uses is incompletely mapped, but the herb contains flavonoids (including luteolin and quercetin glycosides), phenylethanoid glycosides (such as verbascoside), and iridoid glycosides (aucubin‑type), compounds broadly associated with the Orobanchaceae and well documented in related Odontites taxa (Tamura et al., 1989; Smirnov and Bessonova, 1999; Polónyi and Ducháčková, 2006). These constituents are consistent with mild spasmolytic, anti‑inflammatory, and bitter tonic actions often ascribed to the preparations.

While broader clinical validation remains limited, there is ongoing low‑scale interest in the genus, and the plant appears in a few regional herbal compendia; local in‑person inquiries continue to uncover occasional household teas made from O. vulgaris as a gentle digestive tonic.

General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Odontites divergens Jord. Arch. Fl. France Allemagne 2: 191 (1854)
Odontites hydrophilis Sennen Bull. Soc. Bot. France 73: 659 (1926 publ. 1927)
Odontites leptocheilos Sennen Bull. Soc. Bot. France 73: 659 (1926 publ. 1927)
Odontites pellegrinii Sennen Bull. Soc. Bot. France 75: 447 (1928)
Odontites puigii Sennen Diagn. Nouv. : 45 (1936)
Odontites vulgaris subsp. salinus (Kotov) Tzvelev Fl. Evropeískoí Chasti SSSR 5: 284 (1981)
Odontites vernus subsp. salinus (Kotov) N.Andreev Fl. Nar. Republ. Bulgariya 10: 244 (1995)
Odontites virgatus Lange Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 617 (1870)
Bartsia odontites (L.) Huds. Fl. Angl. , ed. 2: 268 (1778)
Bartsia serotina (Dumort.) Bertol. Amoen. Ital. : 33 (1803)
Euphrasia odontites L. Sp. Pl. : 504 (1753)
Odontites ruber var. vernus (Bellardi) Coss. & Germ. Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris , ed. 2: 372 (1861)
Odontites salinus (Kotov) Kotov Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 4: 76 (1947)
Odontites vernus subsp. serotinus Corb. Nouv. Fl. Normandie : 437 (1894)
Odontites serotina (Lam.) Dumort. Fl. Belg. (Dumortier) 32. 1827 (as serotina)
Euphrasia odontites var. pratensis Wirtg.
Odontites pratensis Borbás Oesterr. Bot. Z. 49: 276 (1899)
Odontites rubra Opiz Seznam 69 1852
Odontites rubra subsp. pumila U.Schneid.
Odontites rubra subsp. rothmaleri U.Schneid.
Odontites rubra Gilib.
Odontites salina (Kotov) Kotov Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 4: 76 (1947)
Odontites verna subsp. pumila Pedersen
Odontites vulgaris subsp. rothmaleri (U.Schneid.) Tzvelev Fl. Evropeiskoi Chasti SSSR 5: 284. 1981
Odontites vulgaris subsp. salina Tzvelev
Odontites ruber subsp. canescens (Rchb.) Pignatti Giorn. Bot. Ital. 111(1-2): 52. 1977
Odontites vulgaris subsp. calcicola (Schur) Soó Feddes Repert. 85(7-8): 445. 1974
Odontites vulgaris subsp. canescens (Rchb.) Soó Feddes Repert. 85(7-8): 445. 1974
Odontites vulgaris subsp. pumilus (Nordstedt) Soó Feddes Repert. 85(7-8): 445. 1974
Odontites vulgaris subsp. rigidus (Griseb.) Soó Feddes Repert. 85(7-8): 445. 1974
Odontites serotinus subsp. calcicola (Schur) Dostál Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 11 (1984):.
Odontites ruber var. serotinus Coss. & Germ. Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris, ed. 2 372. 1861 (as O. rubra var. serotina)
Euphrasia odontites var. angustifolia Coss. & Germ. Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris 1: 303. 1845 [22 Feb 1845]
Odontites vernus var. canescens (Rchb.) E.Mayer Glasn. Republ. Zavoda Zast. Prir. Prirodnj. Muz. Titogradu 4: 11. 1972 [1971 publ. 1972]
Odontites odontites (L.) Wettst. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 102 (1893)
Odontites serotinus Dumort. Fl. Belg. : 32 (1827)
Odontites ruber Besser Prim. Fl. Galiciae Austriac. 2: 47 (1809)
Euphrasia serotina Lam. Fl. Franç. 2: 350 (1779)
Odontites serotinus Rchb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 359 (1831)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Belarusian Дзярэга позняя
Belarusian Дзярэчка
Belarusian Дзярэга звычайная
German gewöhnlicher zahntrost
German roter zahntrost
Finnish punasänkiö
Upper Sorbian Čerwjeny munčik
Lithuanian raudonasis skėstukas
Dutch odontites vernus subsp. serotinus
Dutch euphrasia odontites
Dutch rode ogentroost
Dutch odentites verna
Polish zagorzałek późny
Polish odontites serotina
Russian Зубчатка красная
Russian Зубчатка поздняя
Russian Зубчатка обыкновенная
Swedish rödtoppa
Chinese 療齒草
Chinese 齿叶草
Chinese 疗齿草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Odontites vulgaris subsp. siculus (Guss.) Bolliger Willdenowia 26: 113 (1996)
Odontites vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Unknown

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • China
      • China North-central
      • Inner Mongolia
      • Manchuria
      • Qinghai
      • Xinjiang
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
      • Kirgizstan
      • Tadzhikistan
      • Uzbekistan
    • Russian Far East
      • Amur
      • Khabarovsk
      • Primorye
      • Sakhalin
    • Siberia
      • Altay
      • Buryatiya
      • Chita
      • Irkutsk
      • Krasnoyarsk
      • Tuva
      • West Siberia
      • Yakutskiya
    • Western Asia
      • Afghanistan
      • Iran
      • Turkey
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States
      • Belarus
      • Central European Russia
      • East European Russia
      • Krym
      • North European Russia
      • Northwest European Russia
      • South European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Finland
      • Great Britain
      • Ireland
      • Norway
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Corse
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick
      • Newfoundland
      • Nova Scotia
      • Ontario
      • Prince Edward Island
      • Québec
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Hampshire
      • New York
      • Vermont
      • West Virginia
    • Western Canada
      • Alberta
      • Manitoba
      • Saskatchewan

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000388701
Canadensys 23732
Tropicos 29202422
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:806466-1
The Plant List kew-2397081
Open Tree Of Life 5342718
Observations.org 493410
NCBI Taxonomy 1540561
IPNI 806466-1
iNaturalist 481479
GBIF 5415024
EPPO ODOVU
USDA GRIN 467987
Wikipedia Odontites_vulgaris
CMAUP NPO10452

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
The Oldest Bryophyte Herbarium Specimens from Central Europe, Collected by M. E. Boretius in 1717: Taxonomy, Nomenclature, Datation and Ethnopharmacology Drobnik J, Stebel A, Graniszewska M Plants (Basel) 24-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10857619
doi:10.3390/plants13030349
PMID:38337882
Iridoid Glycosides Isolated from Bellardia trixago Identified as Inhibitors of Orobanche cumana Radicle Growth Soriano G, Siciliano A, Fernández-Aparicio M, Cala Peralta A, Masi M, Moreno-Robles A, Guida M, Cimmino A Toxins (Basel) 17-Aug-2022
PMCID:PMC9414233
doi:10.3390/toxins14080559
PMID:36006221
Integrated Phytochemical Analysis Based on UPLC–MS/MS and Network Pharmacology Approaches to Explore the Effect of Odontites vulgaris Moench on Rheumatoid Arthritis Ji M, Wang C, Yang T, Meng X, Wang X, Li M Front Pharmacol 30-Aug-2021
PMCID:PMC8435626
doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.707687
PMID:34526896
Closely related parasitic plants have similar host requirements and related effects on hosts Matthies D Ecol Evol 31-Jul-2021
PMCID:PMC8427578
doi:10.1002/ece3.7967
PMID:34522357

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
(S)-Mandelonitrile 439767 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C#N)O 133.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Branched fatty acids / Methyl-branched fatty acids
(R)-2-Methylbutanoic acid 6950479 Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)O 102.13 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Eicosanoic Acid 10467 Click to see 312.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Myristic Acid 11005 Click to see 228.37 unknown via CMAUP database
Palmitoleic Acid 445638 Click to see CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O 254.41 unknown via CMAUP database
Stearic Acid 5281 Click to see 284.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
2-Hexen-1-OL 5318042 Click to see CCCC=CCO 100.16 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Linoleic Acid 5280450 Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O 280.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Linolenic Acid 5280934 Click to see 278.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Citral 638011 Click to see 152.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Linalool, (-)- 443158 Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
P-Cymene 7463 Click to see 134.22 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(+)-alpha-Terpineol 442501 Click to see 154.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Terpinolene 11463 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
I2-Ionone 638014 Click to see 192.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Vomifoliol, (+)- 5280462 Click to see 224.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Xanthophylls
Flavoxanthin 5281238 Click to see 584.90 unknown via CMAUP database
Rubixanthin 5281252 Click to see 552.90 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
alpha-Amyrin acetate 92842 Click to see 468.80 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Estrane steroids / Estrogens and derivatives
(8S,9S,13S,14R)-3-hydroxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one 670995 Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1CCC2=O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)O 270.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
Poriferasterol 5281330 Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 412.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Stigmasteryl-beta-d-glucopyranoside 12895774 Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 574.80 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
2-(Carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxybutanedioate;hydron 88113319 Click to see [H+].[H+].C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O 192.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glucuronides / O-glucuronides
beta-D-GlcpA-(1->6)-beta-D-Galp 70680285 Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C(=O)O)O)O)O 356.28 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Cyanogenic glycosides
Amygdalin 656516 Click to see 457.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Neoamygdalin 441462 Click to see 457.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Prunasin 119033 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C#N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O 295.29 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Medium-chain aldehydes
2-Nonenal 5283335 Click to see CCCCCCC=CC=O 140.22 unknown via CMAUP database
2,4-Decadienal 5283349 Click to see 152.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Hexanal 6184 Click to see 100.16 unknown via CMAUP database
trans-2-Hexenal 5281168 Click to see 98.14 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones
(5S)-5-butyloxolan-2-one 7057972 Click to see CCCCC1CCC(=O)O1 142.20 unknown via CMAUP database
(R)-gamma-Decalactone 183870 Click to see 170.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Gamma-dodecalactone, (R)- 10888889 Click to see 198.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydrofurans
Linalool oxide, cis- 6428573 Click to see 170.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
(1S,5R,6S,13R,21S)-5,13-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.03,8.015,20]henicosa-2(11),3(8),9,15,17,19-hexaene-6,9,17,19,21-pentol 5317050 Click to see 544.50 unknown via CMAUP database
(1S,5S,6R,13R,21S)-5,13-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.03,8.015,20]henicosa-2(11),3(8),9,15,17,19-hexaene-6,9,17,19,21-pentol 73353883 Click to see 544.50 unknown via CMAUP database
(1S,5S,6S,13R,21S)-5,13-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.03,8.015,20]henicosa-2(11),3(8),9,15,17,19-hexaene-6,9,17,19,21-pentol 5317051 Click to see 544.50 unknown via CMAUP database
[(1S,5R,6R,13R,21S)-6,9,17,19-tetrahydroxy-5,13-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.03,8.015,20]henicosa-2(11),3(8),9,15,17,19-hexaen-21-yl] 4-hydroxybenzoate 10723070 Click to see 664.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Mahuannin A 5317052 Click to see 544.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol 5280863 Click to see 286.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see 302.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Isoquercetin 5280804 Click to see 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Rutin 5280805 Click to see 610.50 unknown via CMAUP database

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